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At least 1,657 records · Page 92Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

[Possibilities for misinterpretation of direct fetal electrocardiography].

Direct foetal electrocardiography doses help the experienced examiner to detect cardiac arrhythmia. It can be an early signal of imminent danger. However, errors may occur to the interpreter of foetal electrocardiograms. They may be caused by materno-foetal ECG conduction in a case of intra-uterine foetal death, appearance of maternal pulses in the foetal curve, errors in pole connection of the scalp electrode, and superposition of alternating current on the ECG curve. Knowledge of those potential sources of error is essential, if erroneous decisions are to be avoided.

Arrhythmias, Cardiac↗
PubMed1993

[Radiation accidents and radiation disasters].

Accidents and disasters involving ionizing radiation are rare. Such accidents may occur not only at nuclear power stations but also in medicine and in industry. Only fairly large radiation doses can give acute medical effects. Symptoms and signs depend on the actual dose, and on what parts of the body are irradiated. In connection with a radiation accident, the main points are to recognize in the first place that radiation may be involved, and to have some knowledge of the actual source. Risk of localized irradiation from industrial sources, especially of hands, is a problem that is often overlooked. The paper reviews the principles for action by local health officers, the pathogenesis of radiation injury and early medical management. Some information is also given on the Norwegian system of contingency preparedness against nuclear accidents.

Accidents↗
PubMed1993

Variations of the ulnar nerve. A surgical perspective.

A systematic review of ulnar nerve variations is presented. Many of these anomalous neural structures account for the atypical clinical or electromyographic findings that are often a source of diagnostic confusion. Knowledge of these variations will hopefully lessen the likelihood of inadvertent injury and consequent motor and/or sensory loss.

Humans↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Comparing the Peru service availability module and situation analysis.

This report reviews the experience of the World Fertility Surveys and the Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) in collecting community-level data on family planning. It assesses the validity of the community data for Peru that were collected via a service availability module, much like that which is used for the DHS, through a comparison with data from the Situation Analysis. The analysis indicates that the knowledgeable informant, the main source of information about family planning in each community for the service availability module, may not be an accurate source of data. Information about the availability of family planning services is more reliable when it is obtained by means of visits to service sites. However, given cost considerations, sampling problems, and analysis issues, routine linkage of Situation Analyses to household surveys such as the DHS is not recommended at this time.

Contraception Behavior↗
PubMed1997

[Medical informatics--decision support systems].

The paper describes medical informatics discipline and deals with decision support systems in more details. It describes the process of decision making using diagnostic and therapeutic decision making cycle and two sources of medical knowledge-scientific and empirical knowledge. It shows different approaches for development of computer supported decision systems and presents some examples of their use in medical practice.

Decision Making, Computer-Assisted↗
PubMed1997

[Ethics in tutorial publications].

On basis of scientific literature authors discuss general rules of ethics as the whole of moral rules and behaviour. They point out that compliance with ethical rules in scientific publications should be an integral part of scientific progress. They present the frequent breaches of ethical principles which include: changes or trickery in stating own study results to a priori accepted assumptions, their incorrect presentation or in a more positive mode, taking advantages from other authors publications not revealing its source, lack of sufficient knowledge of scientific literature, theft of foreign scientific ideas, plagiarism and auto plagiarism, unfair presentation of authors sequence in publication, omitting of some co-workers, not in conformity with Helsinki Declaration during human investigations, not in conformity with basic care concerning animals subjected to medical experiments.

Animal Welfare↗
PubMed1997

The development of marine environmental monitoring using fish diseases.

The difficulties in interpreting the biological significance of pollutants in the marine environment led to the recognition that natural indices reflecting chemical and physical changes are required. The close interaction between host, disease (including parasites) and environment indicates that change in disease patterns offers considerable potential as a natural monitoring system in this field. This problem was addressed by the Working Groups of the International Council for the Exploration of the Sea (ICES) in the early 1980s. Since then, a series of studies have provided internationally agreed recommendations on appropriate diseases to monitor, on sampling strategies and on guidelines for diagnosis, identification and data reporting. Research in Scottish waters has shown that parasites with complex life cycles and intermediate stages which are vulnerable to pollution can give a good indication of the dispersion of pollution from a point source. However, without good knowledge of the spatial, biological and temporal variations in the occurrence of fish diseases due to natural events, there are significant dangers in the interpretation of observed differences in disease as being pollution associated. As a general rule, it is probable that trends in disease differences will be of more use in environmental quality monitoring than would be differences in absolute levels of infection between different areas.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Newspaper articles as a tool for cardiovascular prevention programs in a developing country.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate changes in knowledge and attitudes as intermediate measures of community impact of a health education campaign using newspaper articles. The intervention involved prominently placed, illustrated newspaper articles by Heartfile (heartfile.org) with nationwide urban outreach, posted regularly in the largest English newspaper in Pakistan using newspaper donated space for a period of 130 consecutive weeks. The post intervention evaluation involved a cross sectional telephone survey in a major city. In the total sample, 26.5% were readers of the newspaper and majority of them (72%) stated that they were regular readers. These 500 persons were eligible for the interview; of these, 93% remembered having seen the Heartfile articles. In this group, 87% of the respondents stated that the articles significantly supplemented their knowledge about diet, and in 5% they were the sole source of information. With respect to exercise, these articles supplemented the knowledge of 77% of the respondents and were the sole source of information for 9% whereas in the case of smoking, knowledge was supplemented in 85% and the articles were the sole source of information in 4% of the cases. Of those interviewed, 40% reported that they had made some dietary changes, 39% made some changes in their exercise habits and 8% reduced the amount of tobacco consumption as a result of reading these articles. In relation to newspaper articles, the per article production cost was US$ 169 and the articles were read regularly by an estimated 0.66 million and occasionally by 0.79 million individuals all over the country. Newspaper articles are a useful supplement to other health education activities as part of cardiovascular disease prevention programs. Lessons from the Heartfile experience in Pakistan could be useful for other similar initiatives in low resource settings.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Health education needs of primigravidae.

Forty-eight primigravidae were interviewed when 3-4 months pregnant about their knowledge of fetal development, awareness of hazards to development and sources of information. Although there was reasonable knowledge about normal fetal development, the women were not generally aware of the repercussions of maternal rubella or rationale for many routine tests at antenatal clinics. Fourteen of the women were smoking and only four of these intended to change during pregnancy. The general practitioner was perceived as a vital source of information, in marked contrast to the midwife. Few women reported learning about child development or care at school, but most used pamphlets or books as a source of information.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[A case of superficial hemosiderosis of the central nervous system with normal CSF findings and unknown source of bleeding].

A 65-year-old woman had suffered from slowly progressive hearing loss for one year. She had neither repeated episodes of headache or vomiting nor a past history of neurosurgical operation. Neurologic examination revealed moderate diminution in hearing, pyramidal tract sign and cerebellar ataxia without dementia. CSF was under normal pressure, clear and colorless, with total protein 35 mg/dl, glucose 59 mg/dl and a cell count of 2 WBC/mm3. T2-weighted images (TR200/TE80) of high-field MRI demonstrated marginal hypointensity of the brainstem, the Sylvian fissures and the entire spinal cord. Angiography of the cerebral vessels failed to identify the source of bleeding. To our knowledge, this is the first report of superficial hemosiderosis of the central nervous system with normal CSF findings and an unknown source of bleeding confirmed by MRI.

Aged↗
PubMed1983

Air pollution emission profiles of toxic and trace elements from energy related sources: status and needs.

The preceding was by no means a comprehensive analysis on the present state of knowledge on trace elements in combustion sources, or the differences that would be expected. However, it does point to avenues and directions of some of the future research. Also, the needs 1) to resolve source in areas of great emissions complexity, or 2) to assign sources of specific hazardous materials. Current efforts are focussed on understanding the impact of particular sources of pollutants at a receptor site. This information will provide the means for assessment of any potential hazard of a source to the general community and the size and mass distribution of these materials at a receptor. Considering the types and volume of data necessary to catalog source types and eventually assess community impacts, the development of a national resource with far more sensitive and accurate multielement analysis of air pollutants is warranted. Interaction of air quality and nuclear analytical research groups in collaborative research projects should be fostered and commitments made to develop pools of large and small users.

Air Pollutants↗
PubMed2005

Introduction to Reference Sources in the Health Sciences: an interview with Jo Anne Boorkman, Jeffrey T. Huber and Fred W. Roper. Interview by Elizabeth Connor.

Few works serve as solid a framework for the field of health sciences librarianship or provide as many insights and detailed knowledge as Introduction to Reference Sources in the Health Sciences. Now in its fourth edition, the book's editors and contributors represent an impressive range of experience, expertise, and subject knowledge appreciated by practicing librarians in a variety of settings and by students of health sciences librarianship. Jo Anne Boorkman, Jeffrey T. Huber, and Fred W. Roper answered a series of questions about the latest edition of this seminal work, and offered opinions about reference works, services, and librarians.

Data Collection↗
PubMed1991

HIV/AIDS knowledge and awareness of testing and treatment--behavioral risk factor surveillance system, 1990.

Public health agencies and other organizations offer programs for prevention, counseling, testing, and early intervention for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). For these programs to be effective, persons who may require their services must have knowledge of the programs and services. To assess the knowledge and awareness of persons in the United States about HIV/AIDS testing and treatment, the 1990 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) questionnaire included questions on knowledge about HIV/AIDS, treatment, and sources of testing.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Boundary integral method for bioluminescence tomography.

Bioluminescence tomography (BLT) allows in vivo localization and quantification of bioluminescent sources inside a small animal to reveal various molecular and cellular activities. We develop a reconstruction method to identify such a bioluminescent source distribution using the boundary integral method. Based on the diffusion model of the photon propagation in the biological tissue, this method incorporates a priori knowledge to define the permissible source region, and establish a direct linear relationship between measured body surface data and an unknown bioluminescent source distribution to enhance numerical stability and efficiency. The feasibility of the proposed BLT algorithm is demonstrated in heterogeneous mouse chest phantom studies.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1999

Women's knowledge about menopause, hormone replacement therapy (HRT), and interactions with healthcare providers: an exploratory study.

This community mail-based survey received responses from 665 women to questions in three areas: (1) sources of information about menopause, (2) knowledge of health risks associated with menopause, and (3) knowledge about hormone replacement therapy (HRT). Women received information from many sources, including healthcare providers, friends, and mothers, but the number one source of information about menopause was women's magazines (76%). Over half of women surveyed said they had left healthcare appointments with unanswered questions about menopause and HRT. Although women seemed to have a basic understanding of the symptoms of menopause, their knowledge of the long-term health risks affected by menopause was poor. For example, women were much more likely (60%) to know that osteoporosis risk increased with menopause than to know that heart disease risk increased (30%) despite the much higher prevalence and severity of heart disease as a health problem of menopausal women. Many women thought that menopause itself (independent of aging) increased the risk of breast cancer. This finding may help explain the low percentage of women who take HRT for menopause despite proven health benefits. It is clear that better education about menopause needs to be accomplished regarding the long-term risk associated with menopause and the pros and cons of HRT. Strategies for improving education and interactions with healthcare providers are suggested.

Aged↗
PubMed1997

Brain mechanisms associated with top-down processes in perception.

Perception arises through an interaction between sensory input and prior knowledge. We propose that at least two brain areas are required for such an interaction: the 'site' where analysis of afferent signals occurs and the 'source' which applies the relevant prior knowledge. In the human brain, functional imaging studies have demonstrated that selective attention modifies activity in early visual processing areas specific to the attended feature. Early processing areas are also modified when prior knowledge permits a percept to emerge from an otherwise meaningless stimulus. Sources of this modification have been identified in parietal cortex and in prefrontal cortex. Modification of early processing areas also occurs on the basis of prior knowledge about the predicted sensory effects of the subject's own actions. Activity associated with mental imagery resembles that associated with response preparation (for motor imagery) and selective attention (for sensory imagery) suggesting that mental imagery reflects the effects of prior knowledge on sensory processing areas in the absence of sensory input. Damage to sensory processing areas can lead to a form of sensory hallucination which seems to arise from the interaction of prior knowledge with random sensory activity. In contrast, hallucinations associated with schizophrenia may arise from a failure of prior knowledge about motor intentions to modify activity in relevant sensory areas. When functioning normally, this mechanism permits us to distinguish our own actions from those of independent agents in the outside world. Failure to make this distinction correctly may account for the strong association between hallucinations and paranoid delusions in schizophrenia; the patient not only hears voices, but attributes (usually hostile) intentions to these voices.

Cognition↗
PubMed2000

Demographic variation in nutrition knowledge in England.

This paper describes a nutrition knowledge survey carried out on a cross-section of the adult population of England (n = 1040), looking at knowledge relating to current dietary recommendations, sources of nutrients, healthy food choices and diet-disease links. Serious gaps in knowledge about even the basic recommendations were discovered, and there was much confusion over the relationship between diet and disease. Significant differences in knowledge between socio-demographic groups were found, with men having poorer knowledge than women, and knowledge declining with lower educational level and socio-economic status. Possible reasons for these differences and implications for public education campaigns and socio-economic inequalities in health are discussed.

Adult↗