Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Intelligent Systems”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 1,657 records · Page 92Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

The CliniCon framework for context representation in electronic patient records.

A well-known problem of current electronic patient records in that they usually fail to represent the semantic relationships between the involved clinical data. This has to be viewed as a problem especially in the domains characterized by a complex and long-term treatment, as the medical decision making process may not be comprehensible anymore from the data entries themselves. Context representation can overcome these limitations, enabling the record to express causality, revisions, conflicts, or individual heuristics explicitly. This article introduces CLINICON which is a formal framework for domain-independent context representation based on Sowa's conceptual graphs.

Artificial Intelligence↗
PubMed1997

Towards improved knowledge sharing: assessment of the HL7 Reference Information Model to support medical logic module queries.

Because clinical databases vary in structure, access methods and vocabulary used to represent data, the Arden Syntax does not define a standard model for querying databases. Consequently, database queries are encoded in ad hoc ways and enclosed in "curly braces" in Medical Logic Modules (MLMs). However, the nonstandard representation of queries impairs sharing of MLMs, an impediment that has come to be known as the "curly braces problem." As a first step in solving this problem, we evaluated the proposed HL7 Reference Information Model (RIM) as a foundation for a standard query model for the Arden Syntax. Specifically, we analyzed the MLM knowledge base at the Columbia-Presbyterian Medical Center and compared the queries in these MLMs to the RIM. We studied 488 queries in 104 MLMs, identifying 674 total query data elements. Laboratory tests accounted for 45.8% of these elements, while demographic and ADT data accounted for 37.6%. Pharmacy orders accounted for 10.5%, medical problems for 4.3% and MLM output messages for 1.6%. We found that the RIM encompasses all but those data elements signifying MLM output (1.6% of the total). We conclude that the majority of queries in the CPMC knowledge base access a relatively small set of data elements and that the RIM encompasses these elements. We propose extensions of this analysis to continue construction of an Arden query model capable of solving the "curly braces problem."

Artificial Intelligence↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Intelligent Li ion battery management based on a digital signal processor for a moving actuator total artificial heart.

An intelligent Li Ion battery management (ILBM) system was developed based on a digital signal processor (DSP). Instead of using relatively complicated hardware charging control, a DSP algorithm was used, and favorable characteristics in volume, mass, and temperature increase of the implantable battery were achieved. In vitro tests were performed to evaluate the DSP based algorithm for Li Ion charging control (24 V dc motor input power 16 W, 5 L/min, 100 mmHg afterload). In this article, the first improvement was volume reduction using a Li Ion battery (3.6 V/Cell, 900 mA, seven cells: 25.2 V, 22.7 W). Its volume and mass were decreased by 40% and 50% respectively (40*55*75 mm, 189 g), compared to previously reported results, with total energy capacity increased by 110% (more than 60 min vs 25 min run time in the other battery). The second improvement includes the ILBM, which can control the performance detection for each unit cell and has a low temperature rise. The ILBM's unit cell energy detection was important because the low performance of one cell dropped to 50% of the total performance along with a 20% increase in surface temperature. All electronics for a transcutaneous energy transmission (TET), battery, and telemetry were finalized for hybridization and used for total artificial heat (TAH) implantation.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1998

Implementing HL7: from the standard's specification to production application.

A C++ implementation of the HL7 health-care data interchange standard was developed by automatic methods applied to the authoritative specification of the standard. The reusable class library thus created presents an intuitive, flexible, and easy-to-use application programming interface to the HL7 protocol. This allows HL7 applications to be developed quickly while a high conformance to the standard is ensured.

Artificial Intelligence↗
PubMed1994

One vendor's experience: preliminary development of a reminder system based on the Arden Syntax.

This article reviews the efforts of HBO & Company in the production of a first phase clinical alerting system based on the Arden Syntax. The alerting system was integrated with a clinical data repository and clinical workstation to process returning laboratory results. Investigations with expert systems resulted in a C language alerting system. GUI prototyping of an authoring environment led to a Smalltalk language authoring system. Future development is expected to broaden the system scope and address the evolution of the Arden Syntax.

Artificial Intelligence↗
PubMed1998

The decision support system for telemedicine based on multiple expertise.

This paper discusses the application of artificial intelligence in telemedicine and some of our research results in this area. The main goal of our research is to develop methods and systems to collect, analyse, distribute and use medical diagnostics knowledge from multiple knowledge sources and areas of expertise. Use of modern communication tools enable a physician to collect and analyse information obtained from experts worldwide with the help of a decision support medical system. In this paper we discuss a multilevel representation and processing of medical data using a system which evaluates and exploits knowledge about the behaviour of statistical diagnostics methods. The presented technique is able to acquire semantically-essential information from the complex dynamics of quasi-periodical medical signals by applying recursively-ordinary statistical tools. A method and an algorithm are elaborated to select automatically the most appropriate diagnostics method for each case under consideration. We suggest the use of a voting-type technique to search for consensus among the different opinions of medical experts. Research results can be applied in the development of a telediagnostics expert medical system and medical teleconsulting support system.

Algorithms↗
PubMed2003

Cholinergic and serotonergic neocortical projection lesions given singly or in combination cause only mild impairments on tests of skilled movement in rats: evaluation of a model of dementia.

The cholinergic (ACh) projections of the nucleus basalis and the serotonergic (5-HT) projections of the raphe nuclei to the neocortex are required for the normal function of the neocortex. Nevertheless, damage to either system alone has little effect on the behavior of rats, but conjoint damage to both systems is reported to produce dementia to the point that animals are described as being unable to engage in intelligent behavior. Because rats with bilateral damage to both systems are so severely impaired, they are not useful for chronic studies. The objective of the present research was to determine whether unilateral depletions produce a functional impairment. Rats received unilateral neurotoxic lesions to either the nucleus basalis (quisqualic acid), or the medial forebrain bundle (5,7-dihydroxytryptamine), or both, which reduced neocortical levels of ACh (55%) and 5-HT (63%). The rats then received a battery of tests sensitive to unilateral neocortical injury. The 5-HT lesion produced no quantitative or qualitative deficits on reaching for food, walking across a horizontal ladder, forelimb placement in a cylinder, sensory detection of adhesive paper applied to the wrists, or forelimb inhibition during swimming. The ACh lesion produced mild qualitative deficits in reaching. Combined lesions produced mild deficits in skilled reaching, ladder walking, and sensory detection. In contrast to the mild impairments produced by the lesions, pharmacological blockade of either ACh with atropine or 5-HT with methiothepin mesylate systemically blocked skilled motor behavior as assessed by skilled reaching. The results are discussed in relation to the problems associated with the development of a unilateral model of dementia.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Simulation of an iterative learning control system for fed-batch cell culture processes.

This paper describes an iterative learning control scheme for fed-batch operation where repetitive trajectory tracking tasks are required. The proposed learning strategy is model-independent, and it takes advantage of the repetitive feature of system operations with a certain degree of intelligence and requires only small size of dynamic database for the learning process. The convergence of the learning process is proven. An example of simultaneously tracking two predefined trajectories by iterative learning control with two control inputs is given to illustrate the methodology. Satisfactory performance of the learning system can be observed from the simulation results.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[A new information technology for system diagnosis of functional activity of human organs].

The goal of this work was to consider a new diagnostic technology based on analysis of objective information parameters of functional activity and interaction of normal and pathologically changed human organs. The technology is based on the use of very low power millimeter (EHF) radiation emitted by human body and other biological objects in the process of vital activity. The importance of consideration of the information aspect of vital activity from the standpoint of the theory of functional systems suggested by P. K. Anokhin is emphasized. The suggested information technology is theoretically substantiated. The capabilities of the suggested technology for diagnosis, as well as the difficulties of its practical implementation caused by very low power of electromagnetic fields generated by human body, are discussed. It is noted that only use of modern radiophysical equipment together with new software based on specially developed algorithms made it possible to construct a medical EHF diagnostic system for effective implementation of the suggested technology. The system structure, functions of its components, the examination procedure, and the form of representation of diagnostic information are described together with the specific features of applied software based on the principle of maximal objectivity of analysis and interpretation of the results of diagnosis on the basis of artificial intelligence algorithms. The diagnostic capabilities of the system are illustrated by several examples.

Biophysics↗
PubMed1999

Knowledge-mediated retrieval of laboratory observations.

Intelligent medical applications including agents, clinical decision support systems, and expert systems can benefit from components that expose the meanings of medical concepts. We have endeavored to create an ontology for laboratory observations and to make the ontology accessible in a distributed environment through a knowledge mediator offering several services. To date we have created two such services, one service to mediate the retrieval of laboratory observations and an auxiliary service to facilitate the mapping of units of measure to LOINC property-types. We report progress and insights on the development of our ontology and related knowledge mediator.

Artificial Intelligence↗
PubMed2003

Intelligent optimal control with dynamic neural networks.

The application of neural networks technology to dynamic system control has been constrained by the non-dynamic nature of popular network architectures. Many of difficulties are-large network sizes (i.e. curse of dimensionality), long training times, etc. These problems can be overcome with dynamic neural networks (DNN). In this study, intelligent optimal control problem is considered as a nonlinear optimization with dynamic equality constraints, and DNN as a control trajectory priming system. The resulting algorithm operates as an auto-trainer for DNN (a self-learning structure) and generates optimal feed-forward control trajectories in a significantly smaller number of iterations. In this way, optimal control trajectories are encapsulated and generalized by DNN. The time varying optimal feedback gains are also generated along the trajectory as byproducts. Speeding up trajectory calculations opens up avenues for real-time intelligent optimal control with virtual global feedback. We used direct-descent-curvature algorithm with some modifications (we called modified-descend-controller-MDC algorithm) for the optimal control computations. The algorithm has generated numerically very robust solutions with respect to conjugate points. The adjoint theory has been used in the training of DNN which is considered as a quasi-linear dynamic system. The updating of weights (identification of parameters) are based on Broyden-Fletcher-Goldfarb-Shanno BFGS method. Simulation results are given for an intelligent optimal control system controlling a difficult nonlinear second-order system using fully connected three-neuron DNN.

Artificial Intelligence↗
PubMed2000

Clinical decision-support systems for intensive care units using case-based reasoning.

The artificial intelligence approach used in this work focusses on case-based reasoning techniques for the estimation of medical outcomes and resource utilization. The systems were designed with a view to help medical and nursing personnel to assess patient status, assist in making a diagnosis, and facilitate the selection of a course of therapy. The initial prototype provided information on the closest-matching patient cases to the newest patient admission in an adult intensive care unit (ICU). The system was subsequently re-designed for use in a neonatal ICU. The results of a short clinical pilot evaluation performed in both adult and neonatal units are reported and have led to substantial improvement of the prototype. Future work will include longer-term clinical trials for both adult and neonatal ICUs, once all the software changes have been made to both prototypes in response to the comments of the users made during the preliminary evaluations. To date, the results are very encouraging and physician interest in the potential clinical usefulness of these two systems remains high, and particularly so in the new testing environment in Ottawa.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Relationships between the WISC-III and the Cognitive Assessment System with Conners' rating scales and continuous performance tests.

The aim of this study was to examine the relationships between intelligence, ratings of behavior, and continuous performance test scores for a sample of 117 children aged 6-16 years who were referred to a specialty clinic. The sample was comprised of children who had a primary (45%) or secondary (36%) diagnosis of ADHD. All children were given the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children Third Edition (WISC-III), Cognitive Assessment System (CAS), Conners' Continuous Performance Test (CPT), and Conners' Parent and Teacher Rating Scales--Revised, Long Form. Correlations between Conners' Behavior Rating Scale and Conners' Continuous Performance Test were uniformly low and non-significant (the highest correlation was .17). Correlations between the WISC-III and Conners' Parent Rating Scale were all non-significant, but Teacher Ratings showed significant correlations between most of the WISC-III factors and the Cognitive Problems/Inattention scores. Few significant correlations were found between CPT with the WISC-III and CAS. These results suggest that practitioners should expect to find a lack of consistency between the scores provided by these measures and should be conservative of their use in clinical settings.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Decision support for patient management in oncology.

In this paper a novel approach to the development of the architecture of a knowledge-based decision support system for the management of patients with cancer of the breast is described. Its initial design and subsequent realization in a prototype version was facilitated by examining closely the overall clinical task and identifying its associated activities and related knowledge. Implementation in KEE highlights the value of rigorous conceptual modelling that leads to a design able to assess treatment response and disease progression as well as providing specific therapy advice. The approach is general and may be applied to the development of decision support systems for other areas of cancer and medicine.

Artificial Intelligence↗
PubMed2003

Learning to live independently with expert systems in memory rehabilitation.

Expert systems (ES), which are a branch of artificial intelligence, has been widely used in different applications, including medical consultation and more recently in rehabilitation for assessment and intervention. The development and validation of an expert system for memory rehabilitation (ES-MR) is reported here. Through a web-based platform, ES-MR can provide experts with better decision making in providing intervention for persons with brain injuries, stroke, and dementia. The application and possible commercial production of a simultaneously developed version for "non-expert" users is proposed. This is especially useful for providing remote assistance to persons with permanent memory impairment when they reach a plateau of cognitive training and demand a prosthetic system to enhance memory for day-to-day independence. The potential use of ES-MR as a cognitive aid in conjunction with WAP mobile phones, Bluetooth technology, and Personal Digital Assistants (PDAs) is suggested as an avenue for future study.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1989

Quantitative microscopy and artificial intelligence: some philosophical reflections.

The interdisciplinary field of quantitative microscopy (computer-aided microscopy) and artificial image understanding systems is explored, with an emphasis on the philosophical aspects of pathology and artificial intelligence. Three methodological problems of traditional diagnostic pathology are identified: those of validity, variability and organisation. Quantitative microscopy is a potential research strategy for solving these problems. In practice, however, the quantitative microscopy program is handicapped by the difficulty of building artificial image-understanding systems. We discuss the segmentation problem in image understanding, and four general strategies, three cognitivistic and one connectionistic, are reviewed.

Artificial Intelligence↗