An introduction to behavioural principles in teaching the profoundly handicapped.
The principles of behavior modification in severely handicapped subnormal children are outlined and discussed.
Behavior Therapy↗
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Services for the mentally handicapped in Sweden.
This paper, based on a visit by the authors to Sweden, describes Swedish services for mentally handicapped people and discusses the viability of the Swedish model in contrast with services in Britain.
Activities of Daily Living↗
Families with handicapped children--who helps whom and how?
So much has been written about handicapped children and their families that one hesitates to add to this, but, equally, relatively little seems to have been discussed about all the various professions who are together concerned with helping these children and their families and how this can best be achieved. Secondly, it seems even more important that the caring professions should be aware of what these families feel about "the help" which they are given--only by knowing this can we all learn how to work more effectively together.
Adolescent↗
Methods of assessment for use with the visually and mentally handicapped: a selective review.
Literature published during the last 15 years and concerning assessment techniques applicable to the visually and mentally handicapped is reviewed. Aspects of assessment considered include professional organisation of health teams, electrophysiological measures, psychometric methods and some experimental investigations. The value of more reliable behavioural observation relevant to the client's future practical training needs is stressed.
Child↗
Sharing the caring: a Swedish approach to short-term care of mentally handicapped children.
The setting up of a short-stay home, which offers temporary care for mentally handicapped children living with their parents in the Swedish county of Ostergötland, is described. It illustrates an approach which parents, care staff and the supervising psychologist have all found satisfactory in contrast to the provision available in hospital units.
Child↗
Family life with a handicapped child: the parents speak.
This paper summarizes the main points made in 60 interviews with parents of handicapped children living in one City. Its aim is to provide information from the consumers of the professional services which may have relevance for future planning.
Adult↗
The Croydon Workshop for the parents of severely handicapped school age children.
A multidisciplinary team of professionals met the parents of 18 severely handicapped children for a series of 10 evening sessions. All children were between 5 and 11 years of age and included six Downs, six non-communicating and six children with rare syndromes or no known diagnosis. The professionals provided practical advice and couselling. They did not adopt one exclusive approach such as behaviour modification, but employed a variety of ideas drawn from several theories of learning and from personal experience. The workshop as well received by both parents and professionals, with an average attendance of 80%. The paper also discusses some of the organizational problems of parent workshops.
Autistic Disorder↗
Assessing and facilitating play in handicapped children.
The importance of using the play period in an educational curriculum to promote social and cognitive growth is discussed, especially as it pertains to handicapped children. Facilitation and stimulation of play at the child's current level of functioning is advocated. A sample play programme is discussed as an illustration of how problems in planning can be handled. A list of decision points and important factors to consider in planning for play is then provided.
Affective Symptoms↗
Sound and the visually handicapped baby.
The part played by vision in learning to interpret both speech and environmental sounds and to localize the latter is discussed in the light of observations of the development of sighted and of blind babies. Subsequently, some suggestions of guidance strategies based on these observations, are put forward to help visually handicapped babies acquire localization skills. Preliminary experience using these techniques has been promising and they are being further developed and researched at The Wolfson Centre in London.
Auditory Perception↗
Appliances used to help the handicapped under threes to follow the normal developmental sequence.
An account is given of all the varying types of aids and appliances which were prescribed to the under 3-year-old handicapped children of all categories at the Regional Child Assessment Centre, Leeds, UK, between the years 1972-1977. They were required to help the child live as normal a life as possible, and progress along normal developmental lines. Altogether 430 aids were given to 163 children. The names of suppliers and the means of obtaining the aids are detailed at the end of this article.
Activities of Daily Living↗
An evaluation of the mobility allowance for families with handicapped children.
A variety of methods were used to evaluate the mobility allowance as a social security benefit for families with handicapped children. A study of the policy development showed that the mobility allowance was not the outcome of a rationally-planned and coherent strategy designed to meet need. A survey of families with a child beneficiary showed that the allowance helped to sustain the child's existing mobility, but did little to increase it. A study of the criteria according to which the allowance is allocated suggested that there is a case to be made for paying the allowance from the age of two rather than from the age of five.
Adolescent↗
Planning management of feeding in the visually handicapped child.
This paper describes how the visually handicapped child's understanding of a key intellectual process, relating two objects together, is associated with independence in feeding. It is suggested that in planning effective management of feeding it is important to take the child's intellectual understanding into account.
Blindness↗
Towards a tailored measure of parental attitudes: an approach to the evaluation of one aspect of intervention projects with parents of handicapped children.
One important aspect of early intervention projects involving parents of handicapped children, namely changes in parental attitudes, would seem to have been elusive to study. This paper describes an approach to measurement in this area in which the measure is constructed around the specified objectives of the project under investigation. An outline is given of the process by which a Maternal Self-Rating Scale was devised, together with a description of the Scale and evidence regarding its usefulness within an evaluative study.
Adaptation, Psychological↗
The relationship between structured and free play in the development of a mentally handicapped child: a case study.
This case study provides an individual illustration of the work of the Parental Involvement Project. A key feature of the approach used was the structured play situation. Thus, the case study also serves to demonstrate the role of structured play, and its relation to free play, in the development of a young, mentally handicapped child.
Child Development↗
Parent support groups for the families of mentally handicapped children.
This paper describes a model of parent support group which has, as its aim, the provision of an effective clinical service to the handicapped child and his or her family. The aims and objectives of the group are outlined together with an evaluation of the effectiveness of the group after a period of 6 months. Conclusions are drawn as to the advantages of such a group and the importance of seeing the behaviour of the parent as an appropriate focus for intervention, is stressed.
Behavior Therapy↗
Services for the mentally handicapped in Denmark.
This paper, based on a recent visit to Denmark, outlines some aspects of the Danish system of delivering services to the mentally handicapped that contrast sharply wtih the United Kingdom system. It attempts to review some of the implications of putting into practice a philosophy of normalization, viewed from both the administrative and client standpoints.
Adolescent↗
Handicapped babies: how midwives cope.
Research into families with a handicapped child produces numerous examples of the inadequate ways medical personnel inform parents of their child's condition. In the case of the abnormal neonate, midwives have a part to play in this communicating process; thus helping to lay the foundations for satisfactory adjustment by the parents. This paper suggests that midwives need more appropriate training in this important role.
Communication↗
Home teaching for pre-school handicapped children - a cognitive approach.
A case study was carried out to investigate and evaluate a home-teaching scheme, with a cognitive bias, for parents of pre-school handicapped children. The scheme linked teaching at the pre-school assessment unit with teaching by the parents in the home. A speech therapist, acting as home-teacher, demonstrated activities to the parents of a Down's syndrome child during weekly visits. The follow-up assessment areas of development. As a result of this study the scheme is to be extended and finance sought.
Attention↗