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At least 1,657 records · Page 92Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

[Influence of physical activity upon bone mineralization of school age children of both sexes].

Obtention of an optimal peak bone mass decreases the risk of osteoporosis in adult life. An increase of physical activity favors bone mineralization in adults. However, in teenagers sports that could delay puberty can delay bone mineralization, while sports with a normal caloric intake favor mineralization. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of intensity of physical activity and the type of sport, upon bone mineralization before and during puberty. A sample of 144 normal school age children of both sexes aged 7 to 14 years, practicing various degrees of physical activity, was selected. Bone mineral density (BMD) of whole body, spine and hip was measured with a dual photon absorptiometry densitometer and compared with values of normal school children of similar ages. A better adequation of BMD of whole body and spine in school age children with increased physical activity was detected. Prepuberal female gymnasts had decreased BMD of whole body. Puberal school age children with decrease physical activity had diminished BMD. These results led us conclude that physical activity favors bone mineralization in spine and hip, specially during puberty.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

The economic impact on families of children's participation in junior sport.

The study investigated the socio-economic consequences for families of participation in junior sport. Two hundred and twenty families in Queensland and Victoria were surveyed from the sports of cricket, Australian football, gymnastics, hockey, netball and tennis and twenty seven of these interviewed. The study showed that parents make a substantial contribution in terms of financial support to their children's participation in junior sport. Each of the sports mode different financial demands on families depending on the yearly cycle of training and competition, distance from facilities and coaching, costs associated with coaching, equipment and uniforms, and representative level. It is concluded that family income and structure are the key factors in determining the likelihood of a child's involvement in junior sport, and that for many Australian children, financial factors may be barriers to their participation in junior sport.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

[Value of fluoride therapy in osteoporosis].

Fluoride salts are the currently most effective stimulators of the osteoblasts. Since the therapeutic effect depends on the concentration of fluoride ions achieved in the plasma, differences in fluoride content and bioavailability must be taken into account when using sodium fluoride or sodium monofluorophosphate. The optimal therapeutic range is assumed to be 10 to 20 mg bioavailable fluoride ions daily. The classical indication for fluoride is manifest osteoporosis in the elderly woman with fractures of the vertebrae. Available data, however, suggest that its early use in both men and women, as also in corticoid-induced osteoporosis, is justified. Under long-term treatment with fluoride, the bone mass of the vertebrae increases dose-dependently and linearly. At very high doses of fluoride, the quality of the newly formed bone-which is often excessive is presumably initially inadequate. A moderate increase in bony substance of about 4 to 6% a year is the therapeutic objective. Regular physical exercise and gymnastics, together with requirement-related supplementation with calcium and vitamin D ensures an improvement in the mechanical stability of the bone, and thus the desired reduction in the fracture risk.

Bone Density↗
PubMed1976

Gaining and losing weight in athletics.

Participants in many sports, such as wrestling, gymnastics, and light-weight crew, attempt to reduce body weight to achieve a maximum ratio of muscle strength to body weight. Such weight reduction should result only from reduction in excess body fat. In most instances, weight reduction should be achieved at a rate of no more than 1 kg a week, through a modest reduction in diet and a moderate increase in exercise. More rapid weight reduction by starvation and dehydration compromises strength and endurance. Athletes attempting to gain weight should increase weight as muscle mass, not fat. Muscle mass is increased only through muscle work supported by an appropriate increase in food intake. No food, vitamin, drug, or hormone will increase muscle mass. It is recommended that the high caloric diet required to support muscle growth from increased work should be low in animal fats and cholesterol.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1997

[Functional disorders of the rectum and pelvic floor. Ambulatory/conservative therapy].

Early diagnosed functional disorders of the ano-rectum or pelvic floor can be treated in the office by conservative treatment or out-patient surgery. The normal anatomy of the anal canal must be restituted by reducing enlarged haemorrhoids, removing a prolapse of the anterior rectal wall with rubber-band ligation, excision of chronic fissures and prolapsing tumours. The basic therapy then consists of normalisation of bowel habits and stool consistency. An anal stenosis must be dilated. Training of the sphincter, gymnastics of the pelvic floor, electrostimulation and biofeedback are the therapy for the sphincter and pelvic floor insufficiency.

Ambulatory Surgical Procedures↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Athletic physeal injury in children and adolescents.

Physeal injuries occur in 15% of children with fractures, and 10% of all physeal injuries are sport related. Soccer, alpine skiing, gymnastics, weight lifting and baseball are sports commonly associated with physeal injury. Swelling, hyperemia, and deformity in the physeal area are the classical signs of physeal injury. Pain may be less intense than with other fractures. Treatment usually includes immobilization. Growth disturbance depends on extent of the injury and the amount of remaining growth potential. Prevention should focus on sport participation within the parameters of ability, maturation, and use of proper equipment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Injuries about the distal ulna in children.

This article examines several types of injuries about the distal ulna that appear in children. Ulnar styloid fractures are relatively common and tend not to have the deforming potential of Salter-Harris-type injuries. Physeal injuries with their potential for long-term growth impairment and functional limitation are potentially the most serious. Chronic stress injuries at the distal ulna, as seen in competitive gymnasts, and chronic late disruption of the distal radio-ulnar joint are also discussed.

Child↗
PubMed1998

Survey of sport injuries in physical education students participating in 13 sports.

A protocolled interview was carried out of 150 physical education students to specify retrospectively all sports injuries sustained during their training. This study analyses the frequency, severity and location of injuries sustained by a population group participating in 13 different sports. On average more than three injuries were encountered per student over a mean period of 2.35 years. 74% of all 482 recorded injuries were sustained by males. The sports associated with the highest rate of injuries were gymnastics, skiing and athletics followed by ball games. The most frequently injured body regions were the ankle and the hand. 29% of the injuries were regarded as being severe.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

[Effect of specific training on menstruation and bone strength].

Secondary amenorrhoea is found with increased incidence in female athletes performing hard endurance training, especially when combined with demands for a low body weight. The etiology is multifactorial, but the energy balance (energy intake) in relation to the amount and intensity of training probably plays a crucial role. Long-lasting amenorrhoea may reduce the bone mineral content, perhaps partly irreversibly, especially in the lumbar vertebrae in long-distance runners. In gymnasts and light-weight rowers with a similarly high incidence of amenorrhoea, a much less pronounced effect on the lumbar bone mineral content has been reported in a few, small studies, pointing to a possible positive influence of specific training. The finding of stress fractures in an amenorrhoeic athlete should lead to further evaluation of the bone mineral status.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

[The treatment of phimosis in childhood without circumcision: plastic repair of the prepuce].

BACKGROUND: To device a new surgical technique of preputial plasty for the treatment of phimosis, as an alternative to circumcision, easy to perform, which preserves the normal function of the prepuce. METHODS: The new technique consists of three lengthwise incisions of the stenosing wase and their diagonal suture, the triple incision preputial plasty, described by others, modified adding frenulotomy and two more incisions between the previous ones, which are left to heal spontaneously. This technique has been applied on 22 children over a period of 24 months, with a follow-up of six-twenty-four months. RESULTS: The technique is easy to perform. All check-ups show good cosmetic results, no recurrence, normal preputial anatomy and function. It is important to continue "preputial gymnastics" until stabilization. CONCLUSIONS: The devised technique fully succeeds in preserving a normal prepuce, it is easier to perform and safer than other preputial plasties and it may be carried out in all cases of phimosis in pediatrics. The good results achieved encourage us to continue along this path, hoping that the technique will be largely applied.

Anesthesia, General↗
PubMed1998

[Effects of a short-term pulmonary rehabilitation program on patients with chronic respiratory failure due to pulmonary emphysema].

To evaluate the effects of a short-term pulmonary rehabilitation program on dyspnea, exercise capacity, and lung function, 15 patients with chronic respiratory failure due to pulmonary emphysema were enrolled in such a program for 3 weeks as inpatients. The program consisted of pursed lip breathing, diaphragmatic breathing, respiratory muscle stretch gymnastics, and walking with synchronized breathing. Dyspnea as measured with a visual analogue scale at the end of a 6-minute walk before and after the program (49.7 +/- 4.0% to 24.2 +/- 3.8%) decreased significantly (p < 0.01). As a measure of functional exercise capacity, the 6-minute walking distance (226.9 +/- 32.4 m to 292.1 +/- 35.8 m) increased significantly (p < 0.01). As an indicator of maximal exercise capacity, endurance time on an incremental treadmill test did not improve. Spirometric data did not change during the study. Total lung capacity (TLC) (8.44 +/- 0.70 L to 7.58 +/- 0.74 L) and residual volume (RV) (5.13 +/- 0.53 L to 4.28 +/- 0.59 L) decreased significantly (p < 0.01). The findings suggest that this program relieves dyspnea, increases functional exercise capacity, and decreases TLC and RV on patients with chronic respiratory failure due to pulmonary emphysema.

Aged↗
PubMed1998

Body composition in an employee health improvement program.

We checked the change in health status of employees of an Austrian company over a period of one year. In June 1995 medical and anthropometric tests were carried out. From the results of the tests, we made individual recommendations for training and nutrition. Lectures, demonstration sessions and regular sessions in gymnastics were held during the year. In June 1996 a re-test was carried out. In 1995, 95 men and 27 women, in 1996, 62 men and 27 women participated in the investigation. A comparative statistical analysis was carried out for the group of men. Body fat tissue decreased and fat free mass increased highly significantly (p = 0.000), systolic blood pressure decreased about 10 mmHg on average (p = 0.000), exhalation volume as well as the relative physical work capacity increased very high significantly (p = 0.000 for both parameters). There were no significant changes of diastolic blood pressure, glucose, cholesterol and triglyceride levels.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1998

Eating disorders among athletes. Research and recommendations.

Research indicates that certain athletes, particularly those in sports that emphasize leanness to enhance performance or appearance (e.g., gymnastics, wrestling, figure skating, diving, and ballet), are at risk for eating disorders. Little is known about the risk for eating disorder symptoms in weight and strength training. It is concluded that, even when mild variants of eating disorders are observed in athletes, they should be given immediate attention because they may severely compromise health and performance. Practical recommendations are made for coaches and trainers to identify the physical, psychological, and behavioral symptoms of eating disorders. Finally, suggestions are made for addressing eating disorders in athletes.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

[Possible causative factors in epidemic incidence of plantar warts].

A locally increased incidence of plantar warts in schoolchildren was demonstrated statistically, although the origins and causes of the epidemic remain unclear. Excessively sweating feet rather than barefoot gymnastics in school, and perhaps the wearing of rubber boots or nylon stockings appear to facilitate the infection. The use of a public swimming pool may be a possible cause, but could not be proven. It seems that an intact, thickened, dry horny layer provides some protection whereas a softened, moistened and macerated horny layer promotes the spread of plantar warts.

Adolescent↗