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PubMed1985

Anthropological studies in Assam, India. 2. Observations on Muslims.

Six Muslim groups from various parts of Assam (Goalpara, Kamrup, Darrang, Nowgong, Sibsagar and Dibrugarh) have been analysed for the distribution of anthropometric and dermatoglyphic traits as well as for that of AB0 blood groups and PTC taste sensitivity. The intergroup variability in the distribution of all these anthropological characters is considerable. The possible reasons therefore are discussed.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMed1985

Prevalence of gestational and perinatal insults in brain-damaged children.

The value of utilizing the analysis of unusual dermatoglyphic patterns and of microscopic dental enamel abnormalities as nonspecific registers of fetal and perinatal insult was investigated in brain-damaged children. Positive findings were demonstrated in 82% of the brain-damaged group and in 17% of healthy controls (P less than 0.001). This confirms that most brain damage in children occurs during pregnancy. The limited correlation between recorded potential damaging events during pregnancy and the appropriate markers of fetal/perinatal insult suggests that the data available are inadequate for identifying the causes of brain damage. The implications of these observations are discussed with regard to determining the etiology of brain damage.

Brain Damage, Chronic↗
PubMed1979

[Mechanisms common to the development of malformation in congenital and sporadic forms of atrial septal defect (type II) (author's transl)].

Familial prevalence of some congenital cardiopathies leads to the conclusion that genetic factors might be involved. The case histories are presented of three families with atrial septal defect, Type II (ASD II) in which autosomal dominant inheritance was assumed on account of the pedigree analysis. Each family member was examined serologically, morphologically and morphometrically. One family was also tested for cytogenetic abnormalities. It is highly probable that the gene responsible for the defect is linked to the HLA system (Lod score = + 3.612) and is, therefore, located on the short arm of chromosome 6. The morphological examinations demonstrated uniformity of individual ear traits in related patients; moreover, the palmar dermatoglyphics showed a tendency to shortening of main line C, to ulnar and distal shifting of the carpal triradius and to an increase in hypothenar patterns. In addition a study was carried out of patients with apparently sporadic cardiopathy. A similar trend as to palmar configuration was observed. An attempt was made to connect known factors causing malformations with the results of this investigations.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

["Free" 9p trisomy in a male child with severe mental retardation (author's transl)].

A new case of free 9p trisomy is described. The GTG banding technique and the Giemsa-11 method showed that the extra chromosome comprised precisely the 9pter leads to q12 segment. The carrier is an eleven-year-old male child with typical facial features: globulous nose, antimongoloid slant of palpebral fissures, downward turning of mouth angels and winged ears, severe mental retardation particularly regarding language and characteristic dermatoglyphics.

Child↗
PubMed1971

Conradi's disease: a case without cutaneous manifestations.

The history and physical findings of a 23-day-old male child with Conradi's disease are presented together with dermatoglyphic and roentgenographic illustrations. The case is briefly discussed together with comments on course, prognosis and differential diagnosis.

Chondrodysplasia Punctata↗
PubMed1979

[Recessive microencephaly linked to the X chromosome].

A family with X-linked recessive microcephaly is reported. As patients there were found 8 men or boys respectively out of 3 generations, all of them being related by their mentally healthy mothers. Besides microcephaly the patients showed growth retardation and obesity. Some of them, in addition, had various anomalies as inguinal or umbilical hernias, cryptorchism, tapering fingers, contractures, deeply rooted thumbs and club-feet. There were no hints for a metabolic defect or a chromosomal aberration. The dermatoglyphics could be investigated in 5 patients and showed in all of them a shifting of the axial triradius into the distal position t'. Comparing the own findings with case reports on X-linked microcephalies, the above mentioned family was found not to correspond to any of these observations. It is assumed that in this family, a new disease has occurred which until now has not yet been described, so that the X-linked microcephalies seem to be a heterogenous group of disease from the genetic point of view.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Autosomal trisomy 18 and 13 syndromes in Ibadan, Nigeria.

The clinical, cytogenetic, dermatoglyphic and autopsy findings in 14 cases of trisomy 18 as well as in seven cases of trisomy 13 seen in the Paediatric Department of University College Hospital (UCH), Ibadan, Nigeria, from 1972 to 1981 are presented. The incidence was 0.12 and 0.08 per 1000 livebirths for trisomies 18 and 13 respectively. All the patients were of regular trisomies except two; one case was mosaic for trisomy 18 and another case of trisomy 13 seemed to have derived an extra chromosome of the D group from a reciprocal D/D translocation that was maternally carried. Both syndromes have certain physical features in common which sometimes made clinical diagnosis difficult, but each had diagnostic features of its own. While the combination of microcephaly, cleft lip and/or palate, microphthalmos, capillary haemangioma and polydactyly form the hallmark of trisomy 13, the presence of prominent occipit, micrognathia, clenched fist together with protruding heel make the appearance of trisomy 18 unmistakable. The prognosis in both syndromes is poor and those who survive beyond infancy exhibit severe mental retardation. It is therefore important to establish the diagnosis early so as to conserve limited resources in an attempt to prolong the lives of neonates with these syndromes.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1984

Absent and abortive palmar triradii: a review of literature on their association with chromosomal aberrations.

The aetiology of mental retardation is linked with several factors including chromosomal aberrations which in turn are usually accompanied by altered dermatoglyphics. Many other disorders are also associated with chromosomal aberrations. In this paper, chromosomal aberrations producing mental retardation and other conditions, as reported in various published studies, have been reviewed, and the presence and absence of palmar triradii, as possible aids in diagnosing chromosomal anomalies, discussed.

Chromosome Aberrations↗
PubMed1984

Permutation methods for the structured exploratory data analysis (SEDA) of familial trait values.

A collection of functions that contrast familial trait values between and across generations is proposed for studying transmission effects and other collateral influences in nuclear families. Two classes of structured exploratory data analysis (SEDA) statistics are derived from ratios of these functions. SEDA-functionals are the empirical cumulative distributions of the ratio of the two contrasts computed within each family. SEDA-indices are formed by first averaging the numerator and denominator contrasts separately over the population and then forming their ratio. The significance of SEDA results are determined by a spectrum of permutation techniques that selectively shuffle the trait values across families. The process systematically alters certain family structure relationships while keeping other familial relationships intact. The methodology is applied to five data examples of plasma total cholesterol concentrations, reported height values, dermatoglyphic pattern intensity index scores, measurements of dopamine-beta-hydroxylase activity, and psychometric cognitive test results.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

The reciprocal influence of the different finger pattern types on their ridge count values.

The mutual influence of fingertip pattern types, whorls (W), ulnar loops (Lu), radial loops (Lr) and arches (A), on the pattern ridge count (RC) values is evident from the dermatoglyphics of a sample of 606 Israeli Jewish males. The presence of W is associated with an increase in the RC of Lu and Lr of the same individual, and conversely, the presence of Lu, Lr or A coincides with a decrease in the RC of W. The presence of A decreases also the RC of Lu and Lr, but the reciprocal influence does not occur because the RC of A is, by definition, always equal to zero. When two different pattern types concomitantly affect a third type, the net results is an intermediate one. The modifying influence of a pattern on the RC of others is proportional to the number of fingers carrying that pattern. When the total RC of an individual is used for genetic or medical purposes, the reciprocal influences of fingertip patterns on pattern RC values must be considered.

Dermatoglyphics↗
PubMed1984

Diagnostic approach to the etiology of mental retardation.

The clinical and laboratory investigation of the etiology of mental retardation is discussed. By clinically determining the stage of onset of the mental retardation, it is possible to dispense with a large number of special investigations. It is concluded that the laboratory is chiefly of value in confirming clinical suspicions, and that only rarely will random or routine testing yield an unexpected diagnosis. The possible exception is dermatoglyphic analysis in nondysmorphic, idiopathically retarded patients. This examination demonstrated probable antenatal causative factors in a high percentage of children with retardation of intrauterine origin. If further investigation were to confirm the findings, then this simple examination should be included in the routine evaluation of these cases.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1982

Pioneer contributions of Harris Hawthorne Wilder, Ph.D., to forensic sciences.

In his youth Harris Hawthorne Wilder developed interests in both zoology and human anatomy. Following graduate study in Germany (1886-1891), he was appointed professor of zoology at Smith College but retained his dual interests throughout his career. As a result, he was instrumental in introducing to American audiences two new European developments in human identification; dermatoglyphics and face reconstruction on skulls. The details of his contributions in these two areas, summarized here, establish him as an important pioneer in American forensic sciences.

Dermatoglyphics↗
PubMed1983

[Clinical polymorphism of the neurocutaneous syndrome in children].

The incidence of the neurocutaneous syndrome in children with organic brain lesions of varying origin was studied. It was shown that in reviewing the structure of this syndrome (along with the other extensively described pathological forms, such as Recklinghausen's disease, tuberous sclerosis, Sturge-Weber disease, etc.), the neurocutaneous syndrome characterized by depigmented spots on the skin should be considered separately. The paper describes at full length the individual dermatoglyphic parameters and features of the neurological state of the patients suffering from the neurocutaneous syndrome with depigmented skin spots.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

[Finger and palm prints of children with mild mental retardation].

Studies of the digital and palmar dermatoglyphs in oligophrenic (79 boys and 59 girls) and normal (104 boys and 100 girls) children revealed statistically significant changes in the distribution of the papillary patterns among the fingers: this manifested itself in changed dactyloscopic indices, and increase of the total crest count, and asymmetry of the finger patterns in the oligophrenic children. The main palmar lines were shifted in those children (as compared with the normal ones) to the proximal edge of the palm, and the occurrence of the axial and intermediate triradii changed, this change being statistically significant.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

["Hand clasping" and "arm folding". Population, hereditary, and neurophysiologic aspects].

The data have been obtained showing that the hand clasping does not constitute a hereditary trait. The frequency of R- and L-types makes nearly 50% in all age groups. Possible relation of this trait with left handedness on non-genetic basis is discussed. The frequency of R- and L-types of arm folding is age dependent. The association of this trait with brain motor asymmetry and asymmetry of finger dermatoglyphics has been established. The correlation calculated by means of the threshold model for multifactorial traits is significant in the pairs of monozygotic twins for T-type, and insignificant for L-type. This may reflect a non-uniform degree of hereditary effects on the function of left and right cerebral hemispheres.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Dermal ridge configurations in retinal detachment.

An analysis of dermal ridge configuration in 95 retinal detachment patients showed characteristic association with different aetiological bases of the condition like myopia, aphakia, vitreous degeneration and idiopathic factors. The study revealed a significantly high frequency of whorls on fingers and low mean interdigital ridge counts in the patients as compared to controls. Aphakic detachments showed maximum and vitreous degeneration detachments minimum variation from controls for all characters except the main line terminations. Of all the parameters studied, main line terminations contributed maximum for the variation between the detachment types. The results are discussed in light of the contribution of dermatoglyphic characters to the aetiology of retinal detachment.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

[Smith-Lemli-Opitz Syndrome; endocrinologic study (author's transl)].

A case of Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome is reported in an 8 year old boy of related parents. He presented clinical features of the syndrome, with a normal male karyotype, distal axial triradii and increased number of whorl dermatoglyphic. Cerebral T.A.C. revealed an hypodensity zone in the left cerebral hemisphere. Authors studied the hypotalamo-pituitary axis finding a normal secretion of FSH and LH. The secretion of TSH and PRL under TRH stimulation showed an enhanced response. Plasma GH response to insulin induced hypoglycemia plus L-arginine was within normal limits.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗