Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “DEFECATION”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 1,657 records · Page 92Linked to original sources
PubMed1957

Chronic fecal impaction in children.

In seventeen cases of chronic fecal impaction in children the main symptoms were severe constipation, pain and bleeding on defecation, soiling of the underpants, and anxiety. The main findings were large impactions in the rectum, minor injuries of the anal canal, some degree of patulous anus and soiling of the perianal skin. Good results were obtained in all cases with treatment that included giving dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate and flavored petrolatum, attention to diet, encouragement of the patient and advice to the parents.

Anal Canal↗
PubMed1992

Comparison of the effects of intragastric infusions of equal volumes of water, dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate, and magnesium sulfate on fecal composition and output in clinically normal horses.

A Latin square design was used to compare the effects of laxatives and a corresponding volume of water on gastrointestinal tract function in 4 healthy horses. Horses were intragastrically infused with each of the following: dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate (DSS; 50 mg/kg of body weight); magnesium sulfate (0.5 g/kg--low dosage); magnesium sulfate (1.0 g/kg--high dosage); and an equal volume of water (6 L) given as a control infusion. From 5 to 33 hours after the high dosage of magnesium sulfate, feces were slightly softer than usual in all horses. In 1 horse, DSS caused mild colic, hyperpnea, and diarrhea from 0.3 to 3 hours after administration. After all laxative treatments and the control infusion, fecal output, fecal water, number of defecations, and fecal water percentage were greater during the first 6 and 12 hours, compared with each subsequent 6-hour period (P less than 0.05). The high dosage of magnesium sulfate had greater effect on fecal output and fecal water than did the low dosage and control infusion (P less than 0.05). However, this effect preceded arrival of the liquid transit marker, polyethylene glycol, and magnesium at their highest concentrations in feces by 12 to 18 hours. Compared with the control infusion, none of the laxative treatments affected excretion of polyethylene glycol and plastic particulate markers, nor did they increase water consumption. It was concluded that the response to intragastric infusions may involve reflex mechanisms in the gastrointestinal tract and that these responses could be used for treatment of colon impactions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Modified anoabdominal rectal resection and colonic J-pouch anal anastomosis for lower rectal carcinoma: preliminary report.

BACKGROUND: There has recently been increasing interest in coloanal reconstruction after proctectomy for low rectal carcinoma. We describe here our pilot experience with seven patients undergoing modified anoabdominal resection of the rectum and a colonic J-pouch anal anastomosis. METHODS: The procedure varied according to the extent of internal anal sphincter (IAS) resection (type a, partial resection of the upper IAS; type b, circumferential resection of the upper IAS; type c, partial preservation of the lower IAS; and type d, total resection of the IAS). RESULTS: None of the patients had incontinence, but preservation of the lower half of the IAS (types a and b) showed functional superiority over more extensive IAS resection (types c and d). Only patients who underwent types c and d resection needed medications to reduce stool frequency. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that the lower half of the IAS has a more important role than the upper half in the control of defecation. Total resection of the IAS did not sacrifice continence, but preservation of at least the lower IAS resulted in a better quality of life. Careful patient selection is needed when considering the use of these procedures for tumors in the lowest part of the rectum.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Surgical technique influences bowel function after low anterior resection and sigmoid colectomy.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Since June 1996, we have changed surgical strategies to preserve the pelvic autonomic nerve and abandon high ligation of the inferior mesenteric artery. The aim of this study was to clarify the influence of this surgical technique on subjective bowel function of patients with low anterior resection and sigmoid colectomy for cancer. METHODOLOGY: Forty-eight patients who underwent low anterior resection or sigmoid colectomy for cancer during June 1996 and February 2000 replied to the questionnaire which consisted of eight categories of bowel symptoms. Subjective bowel function and operative data of these patients were compared with those obtained from 84 patients with low anterior resection or sigmoid colectomy during April 1984 and May 1996. RESULTS: When recent series were compared with previous series, the frequency of bowel movement at night (21% vs. 60%, p < 0.01) and patient's own judgment as fair or poor (0% vs. 29%, p < 0.01) was decreased in patients with low anterior resection; whereas the frequency of defecation > 2 per day (5% vs. 34%, p < 0.01), difficulty in emptying (32% vs. 71%, p < 0.01), and incomplete evacuation (32% vs. 66%, p < 0.05) was decreased in patients with sigmoid colectomy. Patient judged as poor bowel function was less frequent in the recent group after low anterior resection (25% vs. 71%, p < 0.01) and sigmoid colectomy (18% vs. 42%, p < 0.05) compared with the previous group. Operative data including volume of blood loss, frequency of transfusion, and length of resected specimen were also different between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: Surgical technique had a significant impact on bowel function following low anterior resection and sigmoid colectomy for cancer. When high ligation of the inferior mesenteric artery is abandoned and the pelvic autonomic nerve is preserved by careful technique, postoperative bowel dysfunction in patients with rectosigmoid colon cancer can be minimized.

Colectomy↗
PubMed2003

[Fecal weight and its daily fluctuation in young women. Part 2. Related parameters].

OBJECTIVE: In the first part of this survey, we examined the influence of one's dietary habits and physical conditions on the frequency of defection and fecal weight. We concluded a need for a time series analysis for further investigation. In the present supplementary study, we analyzed the correlation between fecal weight and nutrient intake, dietary intake and exercise and the daily variation in defection and its related aspects. METHOD: The survey was conducted for two 30-day sessions, during which we amassed data for four 20- to 22-year-old females, focusing an eight different parameters, includeing the fecal weight, the number of defecations per day, the weight of free-access food items, and kinds of dietary intake. We first standardized the measured data: for comparison of the date from the two time series analyses, we used the "relative", standardized weight, after minimizing the difference between the measured weight and the average weight. This allowed examination individual of correlation coefficients, for the relation between the two time series, in terms of the cycles of the constituents. RESULTS: Time series analysis indicated that variation in fecal weight occurs 3- or 4-day cycles with a correlation coefficient higher than 0.7. Fecal weight and physical exercise or dietary intake are correlated; the total dietary intake over the two previous days is the most important influence followed by how much dietary fiber one continues. A correlation with the total quantity of water was also found, with lower correlation coefficients for fat intake and physical exercise. Regarding relationships between fecal weight and dietary compornent: the greatest correlations were with vegetables, followed by fruits, cereals, potatoes, and starch in that order.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[X-ray diagnosis of the causes of chronic constipation in children].

The genesis of chronic constipation in children remains the subject of discussion so far. A programme for examining patients with this condition has not been fully developed. X-ray studies of more than 300 children with chronic constipation from different age groups established that colonoproctodefecography was the most informative technique. The authors revealed that intestinal transit suffered slightly impaired and the cause of chronic constipation was impaired defecation due to the asynergy of the structures of the pelvic bottom. Dysfunction of the muscular structures of the pelvic diaphragm manifested itself as three main variants and their combinations.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Safety and effectiveness of large-volume enema solutions.

The effectiveness and side effects of three types of enema solutions were compared in healthy subjects. Using a repeated-measures, double-blind design, the three different enemas (soapsuds, tap water, and polyethylene glycol-electrolyte solution) were given at 1-week intervals to 24 healthy volunteers. Soapsuds and tap water enemas produced significantly greater returns than polyethylene glycol electrolyte solution (PEG-ES) and were also more uncomfortable. Rectal biopsies showed surface epithelium loss after soapsuds and tap water but not after PEG-ES enemas. Before recommending changes in nursing practice, further research is needed to determine the mechanism for the surface epithelium damage and to determine if this damage produces a stronger defecation stimulus and discomfort.

Abdominal Pain↗
PubMed2005

Laxative use and its relationship with straining in a London elderly population: free-living versus institutionalised.

BACKGROUND: The diagnosis of functional constipation according to Rome II criteria includes assessment of straining. However the prevalence in older adults is unknown. Moreover, laxative use increases with age, especially in the elderly. AIMS: to assess the prevalence of straining and its association with laxative use in free-living (FL) and institutionalised (INS) older adults. METHODS: 50 FL (mean age 74 years, 42% male) and 42 INS subjects (mean age 84 years, 36% male) were recruited. Straining to start and to finish defecation were prospectively recorded by subjects for 7 consecutive days in a bowel habit diary. Concurrently, the subjects recorded any laxative use during the 7 days study. Statistical analyses were performed using the Chi-square statistic. RESULTS: 20% of FL and 65% of INS subjects recorded taking laxatives during the study week. Of the 40 FL subjects not taking laxatives, 30 had to strain to start on 25% or less of occasions and 36 had to strain to finish on 25% or less of occasions (chi(2) = 7.2; p = 0.012 and chi(2) = 5.4; p = 0.041, respectively). In the INS group, although 64% of subjects taking laxatives had to strain on more than 25% of occasions, the Chi-square test was not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: From our results, it seems that laxatives were used appropriately in the FL, with the majority of those taking laxatives having to strain to start on more than 25% of occasions.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed2005

[Modification of rehabilitation stage after inter-sphincter resection of the rectum].

Endoscopic ultrasonic examination for diagnosis of malignant tumors of a lower-ampullar part of the rectum determined indications to inter-sphincter resection consisting in total mesorectumectomy, resection of the rectum and internal sphincter. The method of creation of a globe-shape reservoir with artificial muscular sphincter was developed. Fourteen patients underwent surgery, the follow-up was up to 3,5 years. It is demonstrated that a globe-shape extensible reservoir and autonomic bloching function of muscular sphincter are the main conditions of repair of defecation functions in long-term period after inter-sphincter resection.

Anal Canal↗
PubMed2005

[Bowel control of elderly low rectal cancer patients after anus-retained operation].

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: Though anus-retained operation has became the first choice in radical cure operation for rectal cancer, most surgeons whom fear of dissatisfied bowel control after operation recommend permanent bowel stoma in abdomen for elderly low rectal cancer patients rather than anus-retained operation. This study was to evaluate the bowel control of elderly low rectal cancer patients after anus-retained operation. METHODS: A total of 80 elderly low rectal cancer patients were divided into > or =75-year old group (39 patients) and 60-74-year old group (41 patients). Clinical data and follow-up data of the 80 patients were analyzed; bowel function and continence of the 2 groups were compared. RESULTS: The postoperative 18-month survival rate of all patients was 98.8%. The bowel control statuses of 76 patients were evaluable, of which 36 were in > or =75-year old group, 40 were in 60-74-year old group. Three months after operation, the bowel function was significantly poorer in > or =75-year old group than in 60-74-year old group (P<0.05), but the difference dissolved 6 months after operation (P>0.05). The time of recovering normal defecation frequency was slightly longer in > or =75-year old group than in 60-74-year old group (P>0.05). The prevalence of grade I incontinence 6 months after operation was significantly higher in > or =75-year old group than in 60-74-year old group (36.1% vs. 12.5%, P<0.05), but all symptoms of incontinence were relieved after treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Most elderly low rectal cancer patients could maintain bowel control after anus-retained operation. Age alone should not be a contraindication to a restorative resection for low rectal cancer.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed2005

[Study on pharmacodynamics of run chang tong bian granules].

OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of Run Chang Tong Bian Granules (RCTBG) on stomach and intestine peristalsis in mice and rabbits. METHODS: We conducted the intestine peristalsis test and gastric emptying test to observe the purgative action of RCTBG and the effect on isolated intestine of rabbits. RESULTS: RCTBG could effectively expedite the advance speed of charcoal powder in the small intestine and improve the velocity of intestine. It could also reduce the residual rate of methyl orange in stomach and improve the velocity of gastric emptying. RCTBG could remarkably shorten the time of defecation, increase excrement quantity of mice, excite the isolated intestine of rabbits and increase its tension and contraction amplitude. CONCLUSION: RCTBG has remarkable effect on catharsis.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Longo hemorrhoidopexy vs Milligan-Morgan hemorrhoidectomy: perspective analysis].

The authors analyzed their experience from January 2001 to February 2005 on 117 patients treated with Longo hemorrhoidopexy (46 cases) and Milligan-Morgan hemorroidectomy (71 cases). All the patients were observed after a week and one month after surgical procedure; at 6 months the Authors controlled 70 patients treated with Milligan-Morgan and 33 treated with Longo technique. The pain after 24 hours was the same in two groups but after a week a significative difference between two groups (p<0.05) was registered with a better quality of life for hemorrhoidopexy group. At 6 months pain during defecation was present in two cases of Longo group and in 6 cases of Milligan-Morgan group. In author's experience the Longo technique is a safe treatment with lower postsurgical pain and lower complications.

Chi-Square Distribution↗
PubMed1991

[Complications following transcatheter arterial embolization for massive hemorrhage associated with pelvic fracture].

Complications of internal iliac artery embolization were studied in 21 patients. The 9 male and 12 female patients were 12-70 years old (average 39). This procedure was carried out for control of hemorrhage due to pelvic fracture. Embolization was performed using gelfoam cubes (1-2 mm) for main internal iliac artery or its branches subselectively. In the earlier series, steel coils were placed in the internal iliac artery routinely after gelfoam embolization. In the group of 9 men, 4 male had impotence and 5 had no change in sexual function. As a possible post embolization neurological damage, 4 patients had sensory disturbance and 8 patients had gait disturbance. Three patients had dysuria and one of them had also difficulty in defecation. All these complications following internal iliac artery embolization are suspected to be due to associated injuries and varied effect of traumatic pelvic fracture than a result of the vascular occlusion. Percutaneous transcatheter therapeutic embolization is a safe and effective procedure of choice for controlling massive bleeding associated with pelvic fracture.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

[Characteristics of anorectal motility spectrum and preliminary approach to treatment of functional constipation in children].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the characteristics of anorectal motility spectrum in children with functional constipation in comparison with healthy children and determine the efficacy of treatment measures based on the results of anorectal manometry. METHODS: Anorectal manometric indexes were detected by the multi-functional manometry in eight patients with functional constipation aged (11.4 +/- 4.8) yrs and ten healthy children aged (10.5 +/- 3.5) yrs from May 2004 to June 2005. The patients received combined treatment including probiotics (Bifid. triple viable), prebiotics (Lactulose) and regular defecation according to the results of anorectal manometry in patients with functional constipation. The efficacy of these conservative measures were estimated during the course of treatment. RESULTS: No statistical differences were found in the indexes of effective length of anal sphincter, maximal systolic pressure and the duration of more than 50% of maximal systolic pressure between two groups. But minimal sensitivity and maximal tolerated volume between the two groups were significantly different. Seven of eight patients got better with the conservative treatment. CONCLUSION: Abnormal features exit in the anorectal motility spectrum of the children with functional constipation. The clinical efficacy of the conservative treatment measures based on the results of anorectal manometry is significantly good.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Constipation: physiopathology and classification.

Constipation is commonly defined on the basis of the number of bowel movements in a week (greater than 3 week) or on the stool weight (less than 35 g/day) and on their consistency and expulsion capacity. A pathophysiological classification of constipation subdivides the patients into 2 groups. The first includes those patients in which a propulsion defect is prevalent (inertia coli) and the second one comprehends those in which a predominant expulsion defect is found. This second group consists of patients with myogenic, neurogenic or mechanical disorders. Moreover, we can consider in this group those patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) who show a reduction of rectal compliance and those who produce "inappropriate stools". Finally, in this group we can find those patients having the so-called faecal impaction, that is an abnormality of either sensitivity or stimulus to defecate frequently observed in the elderly and in children.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Alteration of recto-anal motility in chronic idiopathic constipation.

We studied anorectal function in 10 controls and 13 constipated patients (chronic idiopathic constipation, outlet obstruction and inertia coli). We did not find any difference among the 3 groups as regards the internal anal sphincter (IAS) basal tone, the recto-anal inhibitory reflex (RAIR) and the maximal voluntary contraction, whereas some significant differences were observed in the sensitivity threshold. In fact, we observed that all patient groups required larger volumes in order to perceive the minimum sensation. Moreover, the patients with distal obstruction showed higher threshold for a permanent defecation stimulus. The reduction of rectal sensitivity in these patients was confirmed by the infusion of 1500 cc of saline solution. On the basis of our experience constipated patients are characterized by both normal IAS tone, RAIR appearance, squeezing capacity, and lower rectal sensitivity.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Causes, mechanisms and therapy of functional fecal incontinence in children].

1. In case of encopresis in childhood about 50% are caused by disorders of perceiving the need to relieve the bowels and bowel movement, about 30% are caused by disorders of controlling the adaptation mechanism of the rectum or the defecation reflex and about 15% are caused by disorders of the sphincter apparatus. 2. A nonsurgical therapy must be a complex one. Its effect has to aim at concerning the psychoneurologic state, conalizing the reflexes, bettering the conductivity of the nerves as well as enhancing the sphincter-tonus. In addition to psychotherapy, gymnastics and sphincter-training the transrectal and intrarectal electrostimulation is of great importance. 3. To form an estimate of the mechanism of encopresis-pathogenesis many different methods are necessary and possible; these are the precondition for an effective differentiated therapy.

Adolescent↗