SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Cauda Equina”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

SourceResearch connectionFrom yearThrough year

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 1,657 records · Page 92Linked to original sources

PubMedDate not supplied

[Neurogenic claudication and claudication by arteritis of the lower limbs].

Intermittent claudication of neurogenic origin can be traced to three basic causes: --either a chronic circulatory deficiency in the arteries leading to the spinal cord, whether these arteries be the site of an atheroma of the ostia, an inflammation or a loco-regional compression. In such cases, the claudication is painless which differentiates it from the arteritis claudication of the lower limbs. --or to a compression of the roots of the cauda equina and to a lesser degree of the spinal cord, through a narrow rachidian canal that is hereditary or acquired, and relative or absolute. --or finally to a sheathing peripheral neuropathy of the lower limbs. The two latter causes are accompanied by pain, and make it necessary to widen the classical notion of the intermittent claudication (Dejerine's non painful intermittent claudication of the spinal cord).

Aged↗

PubMed1988

MRI and CT of ankylosing spondylitis with vertebral scalloping.

Three cases of cauda equina syndrome in long-standing ankylosing spondylitis are reported. In all, vertebral scalloping and dural ectasia were confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography. MRI showed widening of the dural sac with signal intensity corresponding to cerebrospinal fluid. CT demonstrated asymmetrical lesions of the posterior elements of the lumbar spine. Myelography was not felt necessary to confirm the findings.

Aged↗

PubMed2005

[Chronic spontaneous lumbar epidural hematoma].

We report an exceptional case of cauda equina syndrome, caused by a chronic epidural hematoma of the lumbar spine, (L2-L3). A 53 year old man without history of trauma, lumbar punctures or antiagregant medication, suffered from progressive back pain and minor motor deficit in the legs. The etiology, MRI, intraoperative findings and microscopical study are presented and discussed. After surgery there was a complete resolution of the clinical picture.

Cauda Equina↗

PubMed1977

[Spinal arteriovenous malformation fed by branches of the internal iliac artery (author's transl)].

A 51-year-old male had lumbago and intermittent progressive gait disturbance for 2 years. Finally, he could not walk due to paraparesis. Neurological examination revealed flaccid paraparesis, dysuria, constipation and sensory disturbance below the L-4 dermatome. Myelogram showed serpiginous filling defects from sacral to thoracic region suggesting spinal arteriovenous malformation. Angiogram performed by conventional selective injections into the subclavian, intercostal, and lumbar arteries demonstrated no abnormal lesions but abdominal aortogram carried out at the aortic bifurcation revealed spinal arteriovenous malformation fed by branches of the right internal iliac artery. The angiographic findings may be identified at the single coiled vessel type of Doppamn's or A-V shunt type of Saito's classification. Laminectomies were performed from Th-8 to Th-9 and Th-12 to L-2. Feeder was clipped and the drainers were partially removed. No intramedulllary extension was recognized. After one month postperatively, the patient could walk with support. Postoperative angiographic control performed by selective injections into four iliac arteries disclosed no abnormal vessels. Angiographic examinations of the spinal arteriovenous malformations are usually limited to branches of the subclavian, intercostal and lumbar arteries. But at the cauda equina or conus medullaris, anterior and posterior spinal arteries are sometimes anastomosed with medullary feeders from lateral sacral or other hypogastric arteries. Therefore, it is possible that these branches of iliac arteries may feed spinal arteriovenous malformations as seen also in the cases reported by Picard, Stein and Heindel. This report emphasizes the importance of selective iliac angiogram to demonstrate spinal arteriorvenous malformations when conventional methods fail to show lesions.

Arteriovenous Malformations↗

PubMed1981

Spinal cord involvement in leukemia: a review of the literature and a case of Ph1+ acute myeloid leukemia presenting with a conus medullaris syndrome.

A 21-year-old male with Ph1 positive acute myeloid leukemia (AML) became constipated, experienced pain in the sacral area and retained urine. These were the principle presenting complaints of his disease. With local radiotherapy and systemic chemotherapy, all neurologic symptoms and signs disappeared within three days. A conus medullaris syndrome is uncommon in leukemia, as we were able to find only three other such patients in the literature and three others with the closely related cauda equina syndrome. A literature review of spinal cord involvement in leukemia in general revealed 67 reasonably well-described cases. Compilation of data from these suggests it is most often seen in patients with AML and that it is most common in the second decade of life. Tumors extrinsic to but compressing the cord are the most common finding and the thoracic cord is the most common site of involvement.

Adult↗

PubMed1993

[Subarachnoid hematoma after spinal anesthesia and low molecular weight heparin].

A case is reported of spinal subarachnoid haematoma occurring after spinal anaesthesia. The patient was given prophylactic pre and postoperative low molecular weight heparin. On the second postoperative day, he complained of backache and got a partial cauda equina syndrome. Magnetic resonance imaging carried out on the 6th day confirmed the presence of a spinal haematoma, which was removed surgically. One year later, the bilateral motor palsy which had involved several roots, had completely regressed. It remained a severe sensory loss associated with a loss of sphincter control. This case highlights the role of predisposing factors and the importance of early diagnosis.

Anesthesia, Spinal↗

PubMed1997

Granulocytic sarcoma of the spine in nonleukemic patients: report of three cases.

OBJECTIVE AND IMPORTANCE: Granulocytic sarcomas involving the spine in patients without myelogenous leukemia are rare. We report three cases and review the literature. CLINICAL PRESENTATION: Three patients presented with spinal epidural tumors, which caused spinal cord compression in one and cauda equina compression in two. INTERVENTION: All patients underwent surgery, and biopsies revealed histological features of granulocytic sarcomas. Bone marrow aspirates and biopsies showed no evidence of acute leukemia at initial presentation, for all three patients. CONCLUSION: Granulocytic sarcomas in nonleukemic patients are rare, and when they affect the spine they are frequently misdiagnosed. Appropriate therapy for these tumors requires early identification.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1977

[Postoperative spinal canal stenosis (author's transl)].

Four cases of postoperative spinal canal stenosis were presented in which compression of cauda equina was observed. The lesion was found in 5.8% of operated spinal stenosis (four out of 69 cases). One must pay attention to differentiate the lesion from the recurrence of initial disorder, because the symptoms of the postoperative spinal stenosis is no always typical but sometimes resemble to the symptoms of the initial disorder which needed the operation. Myelography is the only reliable method to decide the extent of the spinal canal stenosis.

Adult↗

PubMed1986

Profiling of organic acids and polyols in nerves of uraemic and non-uraemic patients.

Organic acids, polyols and lipid-bound polyols in the cauda equina nerves of uraemic patients and non-uraemic patients were analysed with high-resolution gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. In the uraemic nervous tissue, the concentrations of myoinositol and 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid were increased. Levulinic acid was first detected in the nervous tissue as a normal component. 1-Deoxyglucose and free and lipid phosphatide scylloinositol were detected in the nervous tissue as normal components.

Acids↗

PubMed1989

Subarachnoid haemorrhage with acute cauda symptom due to spinal tumour.

Massive spontaneous subarachnoid haemorrhage causing compression of the cauda equina is reported. The origin of haemorrhage is concluded to have been an intradural angioblastic meningioma of the filum terminale at the L 3/4. Our paper describes the course of this patient in respect of diagnostic problems and reviews 6 cases of spontaneous spinal subarachnoid haematoma due to SAH from a spinal tumour with acute compression of the adjoining nervous structures. The necessity of early diagnosis and proper operative treatment is stressed.

Cauda Equina↗

PubMed1986

Vascular and neural pathology of lumbosacral spinal stenosis.

During a study of the intrinsic vasculature of the lumbosacral spinal nerve roots in cadavers, a typical case of spinal stenosis was encountered. A review of the antemortem anamnesis revealed that this patient had had an intermittent claudication of the cauda equina. Investigation of the concomitant vascular and histopathological alterations of the affected nerve roots suggested that the claudication may have resulted from ectopic nerve impulse discharges elicited by rapid changes in the blood supply following exertion. The unexpectedly slight apparent neural deficit relative to observed root damage may be attributed to a neuronal plasticity within the spinal cord that permitted functional compensations to develop during the slow acquisition of the chronic nerve root pathology.

Aged↗

PubMed1986

[Non-traumatic vertebro-epidural radiculo-spinal cord compressions: value of x-ray computed tomography coupled with myelography for lesion evaluation and therapeutic indications].

About 37 cases of non-traumatic spinal cord and cauda-equina compression, the authors emphasize the value of CT-scan study after intra-thecal injection of water-soluble contrast-medium. This exploration gives accurate informations about the involvement of both spinal and para-spinal spaces. These data are helpful diagnosis purpose and for the choice of therapeutic especially when surgical procedure is decided.

Adult↗

PubMed1978

Spinal evoked potential in the cat: effects of asphyxia, strychnine, cord section and compression.

Averaged evoked potentials to sciatic nerve stimulation and to direct stimulation of the cervical spinal cord were recorded from the dura and skin over the spinal cord and cauda equina in bipolar and common reference leads in cats and compared. Response waveform and conduction characteristics are described. The effects of increasing stimulus intensity, asphyxia and strychnine on these potentials are related. Alterations in these potentials produced by spinal cord at one or two levels are also described. These potentials are compared to similar potentials which have been recorded in man and the possible clinical application of some of these methods is discussed.

Animals↗

PubMed1978

Contrast agents for myelography: clinical and radiological evaluation of Amipaque and Pantopaque.

The diagnostic quality and side effects of Amipaque and Pantopaque as myelographic contrast agents were compared prospectively using the identical protocol in 167 cases (117 Amipaque, 50 Pantopaque). Good ratings were attained in 74% of Amipaque and 76% of Pantopaque examinations. Demonstration of nerve rootlets in the cauda equina and filling of lumbar root sleeves were superior with Amipaque. Amipaque more easily demonstrated the high posterior cervical subarachnoid space and the anterior and posterior margins of the cervical spinal cord. The incidence of postmyelographic headache was 38% with Amipaque and 32% with Pantopaque. Nausea and vomiting were more common with Amipaque. Two patients experienced grand mal seizures after examination sith Amipaque.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1988

The neurological outcome following surgery for spinal fractures.

Sixty consecutive patients with spinal injuries and encroachment upon the spinal canal of greater than 20% were assessed for neurological outcome. The patients were divided into two groups, those undergoing posterior surgery alone, and those undergoing anterior surgery for formal decompression with or without anterior or posterior instrumentation. In those patients undergoing posterior surgery, an improvement rate in the neurological function of 83% was noted in patients with incomplete lesions, whereas an 88% improvement rate was found in those undergoing the anterior procedure. There was no statistical difference in outcome between these two groups. Positive correlations were found between the level of injury and Frankel grades. The cord lesions tended to demonstrate more severe neurological deficit, whereas the cauda equina lesions were associated with a lesser severity of neurologic deficit. A component of dislocation to the injury also resulted in a more severe neurological deficit. There was no apparent difference between the degree of bony encroachment of the spinal canal and the initial Frankel grade, nor was there a clear difference between those patients undergoing anterior versus posterior surgery.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Intradural herniation of the intervertebral disk of the lumbar segment of the spine].

The authors present 11 cases of intradural lumbar disc herniations selected from 2030 patients treated surgically for intervertebral disc prolapse. In the light of these cases and a survey of pertinent literature the authors consider that the frequency of intradural disc rupture is very low, it is most often found at LIV-LV space, mainly in men. In these cases the preoperative diagnosis of this condition should be suspected when there is a history of significant chronic low-back pain followed by an acute episode of cauda equina syndrome and presence of a complete or nearly complete block on myelography. In these cases adhesions of dura mater with ligaments were always found. The penetration of an extruded disc through the dura mater has been explained as being due to adhesions that attach the dural sac to the anterior wall of the spinal canal. In the discussion the authors review the contemporary views on the aetiology, possibility of preoperative diagnosis, operation technique and late results.

Adult↗

PubMed1991

Fatal varicella-zoster virus meningoradiculitis without skin involvement.

A 77-year-old man with T-cell lymphoma developed an acute fatal meningoradiculitis of cranial nerve roots and cauda equina, pathologically and virologically confirmed to be caused by varicella-zoster virus. This is the first report of fatal varicella-zoster virus-induced neurological disease in the absence of skin lesions. Varicella-zoster virus should be included in the differential diagnosis of acute radiculoneuropathy in the immunocompromised patient, particularly because antiviral treatment for varicella-zoster virus exists.

Aged↗

PubMed2000

Experimental allergic neuritis in the SJL/J mouse: induction of severe and reproducible disease with bovine peripheral nerve myelin and pertussis toxin with or without interleukin-12.

We report a reproducible model of experimental allergic neuritis (EAN) with severe clinical signs and consistent pathological features in mice. Pertussis toxin (PT) in the presence or absence of murine recombinant interleukin-12 (mrIL-12) was used as an adjuvant with bovine peripheral nerve myelin (BPNM) to induce clinical EAN in SJL/J mice. After immunization with a combination of BPNM in complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) and PT, mice developed severe consistent signs of EAN. The additional treatment of immunized mice with mrIL-12 prolonged the course of EAN characterized by earlier clinical signs of the disease and delayed the recovery stage. Mice injected with BPNM and CFA without PT developed mild clinical signs. Histological examination of the caudae equinae and the sciatic nerves taken from mice with clinical signs of EAN during the recovery stage revealed severe demyelination, remyelination and remnants of mononuclear cell infiltration. Moderate to severe EAN can be induced in SJL/J mice by the injection of a combination of BPNM in CFA and PT. This model can provide a better understanding of mechanism of demyelination in infiltrating peripheral neuropathy.

Animals↗