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PubMed2005

Adolescents and HIV vaccine trials: what are the clinical trial site issues?

Adolescents worldwide are at high risk for HIV, which makes them essential candidates for HIV vaccine trials. However, enrollment of adolescents into such trials has implications for trial sites. Adolescents are considered vulnerable subjects and require proxy consent in addition to their assent, which brings issues of confidentiality and access into play. HIV vaccine trial sites often do not have experience recruiting and retaining adolescents, and creating youth-friendly environments that are comfortable for guardians. This includes development of education materials that target both youth and their parents. Because these trials are of minimal individual benefit, sites will likely need to provide service in the form of health care and supportive structures to adolescents. Finally, a number of trial design options exist, and researchers will need to balance the risks and benefits of each, as for all issues surrounding the involvement of adolescents in HIV vaccine trials.

AIDS Vaccines↗
PubMed1986

Nursing fundamentals texts: where's the ethics?

A primary source of information on professional ethics for nursing students is the nursing fundamentals text used in the initial courses. This study systematically evaluated nursing fundamentals texts for their coverage of ethically relevant content. Forty-two nursing fundamentals texts published from 1965 to 1985 were evaluated for: inclusion of a professional code of ethics; interpretive statements, discussion and examples; and guidelines for ethical decision making. Forty-five percent of the texts contained no content on ethics, with the remainder varying in their depth of coverage. Analysis revealed a moderate correlation (r = 0.59) between the year of publication and the average number of pages accorded content on ethics in that year. The results reflect a gradual, although irregular, trend toward inclusion of greater amounts of content on ethics. Recommendations were proposed that would facilitate the inclusion of content on ethics into nursing curricula. These included: greater communication between faculty and text publishers regarding the importance of content on ethics, inclusion of ethics as a curricular thread, small-group workshops to increase faculty sensitivity to the need for preparation in ethical decision making, and an elective course in nursing ethics.

Bioethical Issues↗