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PubMed1993

An acoustic analysis of rate of speech effects on vowel production in aphasia.

The present investigation examined the production of tense and lax vowel duration differences at two speaking rates in the speech of 10 nonfluent aphasics, 8 fluent aphasics, and 10 normal control subjects. Subjects produced four repetitions of each of the vowels [i e ae o u I epsilon upsilon --] at each speaking rate. Acoustic analyses revealed that subjects in all three groups were able to manipulate overall rate of speech. In addition, normal controls and fluent aphasic subjects produced vowels under the fast rate condition which were significantly shorter than those under the slow rate condition. Despite a change in overall speaking rate, the nonfluent aphasics did not exhibit a significant difference in vowel duration at the two rates of speech, suggesting a deficit in the implementation of this temporal parameter. Both normal controls and fluent aphasic patients produced nonoverlapping distributions of tense and lax vowels at both speaking rates. In contrast, the nonfluent aphasics demonstrated a great deal of overlap in the distribution of tense and lax vowel durations at the fast rate. Results are discussed in relation to the nature of the speech production deficits in nonfluent and fluent aphasic patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Rate of speech effects in aphasia: voice onset time.

This study investigated the ability to produce appropriate voice onset time (VOT) contrasts under conditions of rate modulation in groups of nonfluent aphasic subjects, fluent aphasic subjects, and nonneurological controls. Acoustic analyses of the consonants [b d g p t k] produced in the context of the vowels [i e a o u] at two different rates of speech revealed that normal subjects' VOTs were significantly shorter at the fast rate of speech relative to the slow/normal rate, as expected. In addition, the rate change had a significantly greater effect on voiceless stops as compared to voiced and on velar consonants as compared to labials and alveolars. The nonfluent aphasic patients exhibited a similar pattern except that no differences in magnitude of rate-related changes were found across place of articulation. Further, similar to previous studies, the nonfluent aphasic patients produced voice and voiceless consonants with somewhat overlapping VOT distributions, indicating an impairment in temporal integration in these subjects. Finally, the fluent aphasic patients demonstrated a surprisingly aberrant pattern of results, with VOTs under th fast condition shorter than under the slow, but no differences in magnitude of change across place of articulation or voicing categories. The results are discussed in relation to the nature of speech production deficits in both nonfluent and fluent aphasic patients. Implications for remediation are considered.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Impairments of lexical-semantic processing in aphasia: evidence from the processing of lexical ambiguities.

Broca's and Wernicke's aphasics performed speeded lexical decisions on the third member of auditorily presented triplets consisting of two word primes followed by either a word or a nonword. In three of the four priming conditions, the second prime was a homonym with two unrelated meanings. The relation of the first prime and the target with the two meanings of the homonym was manipulated in the different priming conditions. The two readings of the ambiguous words either shared their grammatical form class (noun-noun ambiguities) or not (noun-verb ambiguities). The silent intervals between the members of the triplets were varied between 100, 500, and 1250 msec. Priming at the shortest interval is mainly attributed to automatic lexical processing, and priming at the longest interval is mainly due to forms of controlled lexical processing. For both Broca's and Wernicke's aphasics overall priming effects were obtained at ISIs of 100 and 500 msec, but not at an ISI of 1250 msec. This pattern of results is consistent with the view that both types of aphasics can automatically access the semantic lexicon, but might be impaired in integrating lexical-semantic information into the context. Broca's aphasics showed a specific impairment in selecting the contextually appropriate reading of noun-verb ambiguities, which is suggested to result from a failure either in the on-line morphological parsing of complex word forms into a stem and an inflection or in the on-line exploitation of the syntactic implications of the inflectional suffix. In a final experiment patients were asked to explicitly judge the semantic relations between a subset of the primes that were used in the lexical decision study. Wernicke's aphasics performed worse than both Broca's aphasics and normal controls, indicating a specific impairment for these patients in consciously operating on automatically accessed lexical-semantic information.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

Syntactic processing in agrammatic aphasia by speakers of a Slavic language.

It is widely believed that agrammatic aphasics have lost the ability to assign complete syntactic representations. This view stems from indications that agrammatics often fail to comprehend complex syntactic structures, as for example, some types of relative clauses. The present study presents an alternative account. Comprehension by Serbo-Croatian-speaking agrammatic aphasics was tested on four types of relative clause structures and on conjoined clauses. The relative clauses varied in type of embedding (embedded vs. nonembedded) and in the location of the gap (subject position vs. object position). There were two control groups: Wernicke-type aphasics and normal subjects. The findings from a sentence-picture matching task indicated that agrammatic aphasics were able to process complex syntactic structures, as evidenced by their well-above chance performances. The success rate varied across different types of relative clauses, with object-gap relatives yielding more errors than subject-gap relatives in all groups. Each group showed the same pattern of errors: agrammatic subjects were distinguished from Wernicke subjects and normal subjects only in quantity of errors. These findings are incompatible with the view that the agrammatics are missing portions of the syntax. Instead, their comprehension deficits reflect varying degrees of processing impairment in the context of spared syntactic knowledge.

Adult↗
PubMed1955

Aphasia.

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Aphasia↗
PubMed1987

The interactive nature of auditory comprehension in aphasia.

This study assessed the interaction between information derived from context and the auditory signal as it related to comprehension of specific words in narratives. Contextual influences were manipulated by varying the degree to which the narratives predicted the target words. The auditory influences were manipulated by varying the amount of auditory signal available, either all of the target word or only the initial sound sequence. The results indicated that aphasic subjects use information from both sources but that the contextual information, in its strong form, may take precedence over the auditory information.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMed1982

Intonation in Broca's aphasia.

The intonation contours of the sentence "Construisons notre maison" produced by a group of Broca's aphasic patients were compared to those of this same sentence produced by a group of normal speakers. It was found that the Broca's aphasic patients demonstrated significantly restricted ranges of intonation when compared to the productions of the normal subjects. Different possible underlying mechanisms for this intonation compression are then discussed.

Adult↗