Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “conception”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 1,639 records · Page 91Linked to original sources
PubMed2004

Response to Orr and Siegler--collective intentionality and procreative desires: the permissible view on consent to posthumous conception.

Orr and Siegler have recently defended a restrictive view concerning posthumous sperm retrieval and conception, which would limit insemination to those cases where the deceased man has provided explicit consent for such a procedure. The restrictive view dominates current law and practice. A permissible view, in contrast, would allow insemination and conception in all but those cases where the posthumous procedure has been explicitly refused, or where there is no reasonable evidence that the deceased person desired children. I describe a phenomenology of procreative desires which supports the permissible view, and which is compatible with requirements concerning the interests of the decedent, concepts of medical infertility, and the welfare of the future child. The account illustrates how our current obsession with individual rights and autonomy can be self-defeating and repressive.

Attitude to Death↗
PubMed1975

A concept of analytical treatment for patients with psychosomatic disorders. Report on the psychosomatic phenomenon and its consequence for therapy.

With the Paris school the author holds the view that the 'pensée opératoire' is pathognomic for the psychosomatic patient. This archaic, 'automatistisch-mechanistisch' thinking is a consequence of defects in the sphere of the physiological pre-ego. Certain typical findings, such as reduplication and mechanized object relations are seen as correlates of disturbances in the patient's early identification processes. Analytical therapy must thus aim at shifting the all but inaccessible psychosomatic phenomenon into a historical perspective. The psychological event can set in only when the patient has discovered the connexion between his somatic reaction patterns and the emotions he is beginning to feel for the security-giving therapist. An account of the development of the treatment of one patient (Birgit) illustrates the author's concept of analytical therapy in psychosomatics. The 'facilitating environment' helped the patient Birgit to differentiate herself from her dual object and thus to be able to cathect the level of the triangular relationship. The concept of the model ward led on to the development of an ambulatory method of therapy, 'relaxation analytique', which is based on investigations into the concept of the holding function. 'Taking care' of the patient is function of the therapist's own inner attitude, of his being prepared to do everything to encourage the therapeutic regression. The correlate of this attitude, on the side of the patient, is the sense of security which is an essential condition for the 'new beginning' to set in.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

A 5-year follow-up study of psychotherapy. The stability of changes in self-concept.

This 5-year study examined students who were in individual psychotherapy. The specific interest of the study was in the stability of changes in their self-concept after psychotherapy. Students who were patients at the Dental Health Care Unit were used as a control group. Self-concept was measured by a multidimensional measure which consisted of four dependent variables: symptoms, Beck's Depression Inventory, self-image test and general progress during therapy. Changes in self-concept were presented as change profiles which showed that statistically significant changes had occurred in the experimental group during the 5-year follow-up study. However, the profile of the control group remained unchanged. The results of this follow-up study provide strong evidence for the stability of changes produced by psychotherapy. On the basis of LISREL models the 5-year results were best predicted by the 2-year results. The situation at the outset of psychotherapy predicted only 17% of the results after 5 years.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Self-concept before and after two years of growth hormone treatment in intrauterine growth-retarded children.

The objective of this study was to assess self-concept in children with short stature after intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR), before and after 2 years of growth hormone (hGH) treatment. We assessed 25 children before treatment, and 40 children after a 2-year treatment period. Seventeen of the 25 children of whom we had pretreatment data, were reassessed after 2 years of hGH treatment. All children had a birth length below the 3rd percentile, and did not show catch-up growth (current height < P3). We compared the self-concept measures (Self-Perception Profile for Children; SPPC) of the IUGR group with similar measures of a Dutch school sample. Four of the six SPPC mean scale scores of the IUGR group prior to treatment were significantly lower than mean scores of the school sample. Mean-scale scores of the group children, assessed after 2 years of hGH treatment, did not differ significantly from those of the school sample. In the group of 17 children who were assessed before as well as after 2 years of treatment, the mean scale scores of 'social acceptance' and 'general self-worth' were significantly higher at the second assessment (t = -5.93, p < 0.001 and t = -4.36, p < 0.001, respectively). From the present study we can hypothesize that short stature after IUGR and a low self-concept are related.

Child↗
PubMed1982

Comparison of the effects of cognitive therapy and pharmacotherapy on hopelessness and self-concept.

The authors examined the effects of cognitive therapy and imipramine on hopelessness and self-concept in 35 unipolar nonpsychotic depressed outpatients who were treated with either modality over approximately 11 weeks. Compared with imipramine, cognitive therapy resulted in significantly greater improvements in hopelessness and more generalized gains in self-concept. Thus, cognitive therapy may offer a particular advantage in reducing hopelessness and improving low self-concept in depression.

Attitude↗
PubMed1986

A theoretical basis for the concepts of self and authentic self.

Concepts of self of Grossman, Kohut, and Kernberg are briefly summarized and some limitations suggested. The author proposes a theoretical basis of the concepts of self and authentic self parallel to superego development and the concept of ownership of impulses and values.

Defense Mechanisms↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Comparing the self-concept of students with and without learning disabilities.

This study compared self-concept in 50 middle school children with learning disabilities (LD) and 70 of their peers without LD. The students, primarily Hispanic, completed the Piers-Harris Children's Self-Concept Scale, and each obtained a score in six subdomains. Differences were found between the groups on the Intellectual and School Status and Behavior subscales, with students without LD scoring higher on both scales. There was no difference between groups on global self-concept. The limitations of this study are identified, and directions for future research are provided.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Nurses' perceptions of the content, relevance and usefulness of the quality of life concept in relation to nursing practice.

The aim of this study was to investigate how nurses define the quality of life concept and if they find it relevant and useful for their daily practice. Eighteen nurses recruited from a neurological and rheumatologic unit at a Norwegian University Hospital filled in a questionnaire consisting of four open-ended questions in relation to the definition of quality of life, the concept's relevance for their daily practice, characteristics of a patient experiencing good vs. bad quality of life and ways to improve quality of life. The findings showed that nurses associated quality of life with the individual's experience of meaning in life. Meaning in life was associated with good mood, positive self-concept, being solution-oriented, initiative to self-care and having a close relationship to significant others. Further, the nurses expressed that their way of being towards the patients in terms of give time, encourage, inspire confidence, be present and listen was the most important intervention to maintain or increase patients' quality of life.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed2003

Immunizing the self: self-concept stabilization through reality-adaptive self-definitions.

Processes of self-concept immunization are introduced as a way of reconciling self-concept protection against threatening information with the necessity of acknowledging own failure or losses. Self-immunization works by adaptively changing the subjective operationalization of personal traits, such that skills that individuals believe themselves to be good at are conceived as highly diagnostic, whereas skills that persons do not believe they possess are considered less diagnostic. Three studies are presented to investigate this stabilizing process. Correlational as well as experimental and longitudinal data support the assumption that self-immunization stabilizes central and abstract aspects of the self-concept without ignoring negative information on concrete skills.

Achievement↗
PubMed1995

Self-concept and self-consciousness in adults with Tourette syndrome.

The hypothesis that adults with Tourette Syndrome (TS) have a lower level of self-concept and a higher level of public self-consciousness and social anxiety than the general population was examined. Ninety-eight suitable adults responded to a letter distributed to the members of the Tourette Syndrome Foundation of Canada. The findings indicated that the group with TS and high obsessive-compulsive symptoms, but not TS alone, had significantly lower self-concepts than the general population. Both males and females with TS and high obsessive-compulsive symptoms scored higher on social anxiety than the general population, but no differences in public self-consciousness were found. The results of this study argue that people with TS alone do not have impaired self-concepts or social anxiety, but both of these disorders tend to be present among those who suffer from both TS and significant obsessive-compulsive symptoms.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2000

Developing a concept of hope from a human science perspective.

This article explores concept development from a human science perspective and uses concept inventing, a method described by Parse, for developing the concept of hope as inspired by the Taiwanese folk song "Mending a Torn Fish Net." The synthesized definition is hope is resolute picturing of the possibilities amid the restrictions-opportunities of communion-aloneness while creatively metamorphosing. This definition is explicitly connected to the three principles of Parse's theory of human becoming. Reflections on research and practice are provided.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2006

Self-concept, self-esteem and body weight in adolescent females: a three-year longitudinal study.

Eighty girls aged 12.8 (0.6) years, completed self-concept, depression and anxiety scales over three years and had their height and weight measured. All nine self-concept domains were lower in the Highest BMI group, compared to the Lower BMI group and this trend was stable over three years. Highest BMI girls were substantially lower than population norms on all nine scales. Over three years, the Physical Appearance and Close Friendship scores of Highest BMI girls decreased compared to Lower BMI girls. This pattern was similar for all of the other self-concept domains. Several aspects of early adolescent girls' self-image may be adversely influenced by a heavy weight status.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Developing the concept of moral sensitivity in health care practice.

The aim of this Swedish study was to develop the concept of moral sensitivity in health care practice. This process began with an overview of relevant theories and perspectives on ethics with a focus on moral sensitivity and related concepts, in order to generate a theoretical framework. The second step was to construct a questionnaire based on this framework by generating a list of items from the theoretical framework. Nine items were finally selected as most appropriate and consistent with the research team's understanding of the concept of moral sensitivity. The items were worded as assumptions related to patient care. The questionnaire was distributed to two groups of health care personnel on two separate occasions and a total of 278 completed questionnaires were returned. A factor analysis identified three factors: sense of moral burden, moral strength and moral responsibility. These seem to be conceptually interrelated yet indicate that moral sensitivity may involve more dimensions than simply a cognitive capacity, particularly, feelings, sentiments, moral knowledge and skills.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Rorschach Egocentricity Index and self-concept in children and adolescents.

In a sample of 65 child and adolescent psychiatric inpatients, the hypothesized relation between the Egocentricity Index from the Rorschach and standard self-report measures of self-concept was not supported. Although the sample as a group had a markedly low mean Egocentricity Index, self-reported self-concept was at a normative level. The validity of the Egocentricity Index and self-report measures of self-concept is discussed, and guidelines for their interpretation are presented.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Self-concept and behavior in adolescent girls with Turner syndrome: potential estrogen effects.

Data on self-concept and behavior were gathered from 31 girls with Turner syndrome (TS) followed longitudinally between the ages of 12 and 16 and from 89 normal control girls recruited from public schools and assessed cross-sectionally. The two groups of girls were similar in age and racial composition. The girls with TS were treated with estrogen replacement therapy in increasing doses between the ages of 12 and 16 (100-400 ng/kg-day ethinyl estradiol). Their self-reported self-esteem and psychological well-being (Piers-Harris Self-Concept Scale) revealed significant improvement over time for most scales as well as the total score (P < 0.001). Parents reported improvement in problem behaviors, as reflected in the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) scales: Behavior Total, Externalizing Behavior, Aggressive Behavior, and Social Problems Behavior scales (all P < 0.001). Analysis of covariance comparing normal controls to the TS subjects revealed that at age 12 yr, TS and normal subjects differed significantly for the School Social Competency sub-scale and the Social Problems Behavior subscale (all P < 0.001). Girls with TS resembled the normal controls on all CBCL scales by ages 14-15 yr. Thus, we found improved self-concept both by self- and parental report in estrogen-treated girls with TS followed longitudinally through adolescence. An analogous correlation with age was not seen in the cross-sectional normal control sample. These findings support positive effects of estrogen on psychological well-being in girls with TS and underscores the need to initiate estrogen replacement therapy by ages 12-14 yr in this population.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Pupils' liking for school: ability grouping, self-concept and perceptions of teaching.

BACKGROUND: Research indicates that affective aspects of development provide a basis for autonomous learning. Pupils' liking for school may be a useful indicator of their relationships with teachers and the school. AIMS: The aim of the research reported in this paper is to establish the properties of a measure of pupils' liking for school and to examine associations between this measure, pupils' experiences in lessons, their self-concepts and the amount of setting implemented in school. SAMPLE: A stratified sample of 45 mixed secondary comprehensive schools was selected for the research. Schools represented a variety of ability-grouping practices in the lower school (Years 7-9), from completely mixed-ability to setting in all academic subjects. All Year 9 pupils were included in the sample. METHODS: Pupils completed a questionnaire containing items on their self-concept, liking for school, and their perceptions of teaching in English, mathematics, and science. Data on pupils' gender, ethnic origin, social disadvantage and attainment was also collected. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: The properties and correlates of scales indicating pupils' liking for school and their perceptions of teaching in English, mathematics, and science are established. Liking for school is greater among girls, pupils with higher academic self-concepts, and those with more positive perceptions of teaching. Pupils are more positive about teaching they experience in English than in mathematics or science. When other variables are statistically controlled, there is no significant effect of the extent of ability grouping in the school as a whole. Affective aspects of learning should not be neglected in the drive to raise standards.

Achievement↗
PubMed2006

The belief in a negative interdependence of math and verbal abilities as determinant of academic self-concepts.

BACKGROUND: The internal/external frame of reference (I/E) model by Marsh (1986) assumes intra-individual dimensional comparisons in which students compare their own achievements in one subject with their achievements in other subjects. These comparison processes should lead to negative paths from achievement in one subject (e.g. maths) on self-concept in another subject (e.g. verbal domains). AIMS: Within this study, we investigated the impact of students' belief in a negative interdependence of maths and verbal abilities, that is, whether students think of maths and verbal abilities as negatively correlated or not, on the impact of dimensional comparisons. METHODS: Maths and German grades, academic self-concepts in maths and German, and a new scale on the beliefs in a negative interdependence of maths and verbal abilities students were assessed (N = 1,443). RESULTS: The importance of the negative interdependence beliefs could be shown: stronger beliefs in a negative interdependence of maths and verbal ability are accompanied by more negative path coefficients from grades in one subject to academic self-concepts in the other subject. CONCLUSIONS: Dimensional comparisons seem to be of particular importance for students with negative interdependence beliefs.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Brief cognitive screening and self concepts for children with low intellectual functioning.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the use of brief assessments for children with low intellectual functioning. METHODS: Assessments used the SYSTEMS cognitive screening test and ASK-KIDS self-concept inventory. Participants were children recruited through the hospital and special education classes (N = 39). RESULTS: Results showed that cognitive screening accurately classified children, and their scores correlated closely with full cognitive assessment and achievement. Most children could respond to the self-concept inventory, scales were internally consistent, and profiles were similar to those for children in the normative sample. CONCLUSIONS: Findings support the use of brief assessments of cognitive functioning and self concepts, and suggest further studies with children in clinical settings.

Child↗