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At least 1,639 records · Page 91Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

A structural analysis of physician-midwife interaction in an obstetrical training program.

In June 1987 a major Southwestern Medical Center hired a complement of Certified Nurse Midwives to help relieve an increased Labor and Delivery workload. Prior to that time, all deliveries had been done by Obstetrics/Gynecology resident physicians, who continue to deliver the majority of patients. This paper analyses interaction between the two groups of obstetrical practitioners, and relates conflicts to the differing structural models of their relationship held by the two groups--and unwittingly reinforced by administrators. Recommendations for reducing structural conflicts are presented.

Humans↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Participation in a parent training program for methadone clients.

Programs for drug abusers are plagued by high rates of dropout. Because of the strong relationship between longer treatment and positive outcome, researchers have begun to study individual and program-specific factors that influence premature termination of treatment. For the most part, these studies have focused on dichotomous measures of dropout or number of sessions attended. In this article, we extend this line of research in two ways. First, we develop and measure a number of indicators of treatment participation based on therapist ratings. Second, we develop a model of treatment participation that employs both individual and program-specific factors. The data show that tremendous variation in participation occurred even among those who attended a majority of sessions, which highlights the importance of obtaining more elaborate measures of treatment participation. The model predicting treatment participation suggests that initiation of heroin use later in life, continued use of marijuana, and behavioral indicators of motivation are the strongest predictors of program participation. Research and practical implications of the findings are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

[An alcohol contact program: training for increased security of alcoholics in trial situations].

Alcoholics who have taken the decision to abstain are known to develop, partially out of fear of a relapse, an almost phobic avoidance behaviour towards situations where alcoholic drinks may be proffered. Starting from this observation a four-hour behavioural programme, involving modeling and the discussion of appropriate behaviour, was developed to prepare patients for such situations. The two methods resulted in equally highly significant improvement, as measured both by self-assessment and by the assessment of independent observers.

Alcoholism↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Training program in Japan for health caretakers from developing countries.

In 1979, the International Center for Medical Research was organized in Kobe University School of Medicine and promoted the scientific cooperation through invitation of foreign scientists from developing countries as the Core University of Medical Science of Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS). Perinatal medicine is one of the main subjects in this program and we have accepted more than thirty neonatologists from Indonesia, Philippines, Thailand and other developing countries.

Developing Countries↗
PubMed2005

To the point: medical education reviews evaluation in context: assessing learners, teachers, and training programs.

Learners, teachers, and programs need to be evaluated. This article reviews the purpose and the current methods for evaluating all 3. Clinical impressions of the learner are yielding increasingly to direct observation and skill assessment. The Reporter, Interpreter, Manager, and Educator (RIME) method offers a unique way of assessing and providing formative feedback to the learner. Learning portfolios help document achievements and provide a collection for self-assessment and growth. Teachers benefit from feedback especially if followed up with consultation. Programs need both quantitative and qualitative data to document performance. National data gathered locally from exit surveys now exist that facilitate comparison of programs (eg, clerkships) within and across institutions. The emphasis on institutional accountability makes it critical to directly evaluate learners and their educational programs.

Education, Medical↗
PubMed2004

Impact of a surgical oncologist on general surgery residency training program.

BACKGROUND: To assess the impact of adding a surgical oncologist to our faculty we examined the operative experience in our program before and after the addition. METHODS: Operative case numbers reported to the American Board of Surgery over a 10-year period were analyzed. This time period encompassed 5 years before and after the addition of a surgical oncologist to our faculty. All defined category case numbers were examined using t test analysis. Significance was defined as a P value of less than 0.05. RESULTS: The overall caseload increased in the time period after the faculty addition. There was a statistically significant increase in skin/soft tissue, breast, esophagus, small intestine, large intestine, live, spleen, and endocrine cases. No statistical significance was seen in head/neck, stomach, pancreas, and biliary cases. CONCLUSIONS: The addition of a surgical oncologist to our faculty coincides with a statistically significant increase in areas of skin/soft tissue, breast, esophagus, small intestine, large intestine, liver, spleen, and endocrine. Other areas not statistically significant may reflect referral patterns or this particular oncologist's preferences of practice.

Faculty, Medical↗
PubMed2004

Meeting the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education competencies using established residency training program assessment tools.

BACKGROUND: Most existing residency evaluation tools were constructed to evaluate the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) competencies. METHODS: Before ACGME's six competency based assessment requirements for resident performance were developed, we created a residency evaluation tool with 5 domains important to successful surgical resident performance. Reliability was determined after 6 months of use. Factor analysis assessed whether the evaluation tool was a construct-valid measure of the ACGME competencies. RESULTS: Three hundred forty-three evaluations for 36 surgical residents were tested. The original evaluation tool was highly reliable with an overall reliability of 0.97. Factor analysis defined 4 new combinations of questions analogous to 4 of the ACGME competencies: professionalism (reliability 0.95), patient care (reliability 0.93), medical knowledge (reliability 0.92), and communication (reliability 0.92). The new competency clusters were correlated with each other to a moderate degree. CONCLUSIONS: Our locally developed tool demonstrated high reliability and construct validity for 4 of 6 ACGME competencies. The correlation between factors suggests overlap between competencies.

Accreditation↗
PubMed1997

Development and implementation of a perioperative assistant training program.

Due to health care reform, many institutions have had to examine the way they deliver patient care. This article describes how, in response to this challenge, an interdisciplinary OR team at North Shore University Hospital, Manhasset, NY, developed and implemented the role of perioperative assistant in the OR. The authors describe the education curriculum for program completion, along with specific results. The program's difficulties and challenges are described, as well as what was learned as the program proceeded. The authors stress that program implementation depended on the efforts of all staff members, their willingness to help develop the perioperative assistant role, and their ability to function as a team.

Curriculum↗