Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “TOXOPLASMOSIS”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 1,639 records · Page 91Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

Decoquinate and the control of experimental ovine toxoplasmosis.

Decoquinate was tested for its ability to reduce the effect of experimentally induced toxoplasmosis in pregnant ewes. Sheep were given decoquinate in their feed daily at either 2 mg or 1 mg/kg bodyweight from 10 days before an oral challenge with Toxoplasma gondii oocysts at 90 days of gestation, until lambing. Feeding decoquinate at the higher rate caused a delay in the onset of the febrile response to infection, reduced the overall severity of the fever and delayed the production of antibodies to the parasite. This treatment also reduced the placental damage caused by the parasite, lengthened the mean gestation period and increased the number and weight of live lambs, in comparison with ewes not fed decoquinate but challenged with T gondii oocysts. The treatment with 1 mg of decoquinate had smaller effects.

Abortion, Veterinary↗
PubMed1975

The use of irradiated vaccine in immunization against experimental murine toxoplasmosis.

Trophozoites from the peritoneal cavities of mice infected with the RH strain Toxoplasma gondii were given irradiation in doses of 5, 10, 15, and 20 kiloroentgens (kr). CD-1 strain mice that received intraperitoneal inoculation of trophozoites irradiated with 5 kr all died of toxoplasmosis, but the mice that received trophozoites irradiated with the higher doses all survived. The survirors that were examined were found to be free of toxoplasmic cysts. Single doses of these irradiated vaccines provided good protection to subsequent virulent challenge. This protection was 100% in the first 3 weeks after the immunization. Survivors of the first challenge were also solidly protected against a subsequent rechallenge.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Toxoplasmosis and primary central nervous system lymphoma in HIV infection: diagnosis with MR spectroscopy.

PURPOSE: To differentiate intracranial lymphoma from Toxoplasma gondii lesions in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus, by means of localized spin-echo proton magnetic resonance (MR) spectroscopy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-seven lesions were studied (18 T gondii lesions, nine lymphoma lesions) at 1.5 T. Spectra were acquired at an echo time of 135 msec from voxels centered on the lesions. Both visual analysis and spectral fitting were used to obtain metabolite ratios for choline (Cho), creatine (Cr), N-acetyl (NA), lactate, and lipids. RESULTS: Three spectral categories were seen. One had large lipid peaks with suppression of other metabolites. Another had an elevated Cho/Cr ratio with relatively diminished NA. The third had features of the other two. Examples of each spectrum type were acquired from both T gondii and lymphoma lesions. Neither method of analysis allowed differentiation between lesion types. MR spectroscopy showed an overlap of spectra. CONCLUSION: The authors conclude that toxoplasmosis and lymphoma cannot be differentiated with spin-echo proton MR spectroscopy at 135 msec.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Cold urticaria associated with acute serologic toxoplasmosis.

Cold urticaria is defined as a urticarial and/or angioedematous reaction of the skin to contact with cold objects, water or air. Types of urticaria associated with infectious diseases, such as mononucleosis, rubeola, varicella, syphilis, hepatitis, and HIV infection have been reported. We present the case of a patient who developed cold urticaria associated with acute serologic toxoplasmosis. The patient was a 34-year-old man who for the previous 2 months had presented cutaneous pruritus accompanied by several papular lesions in parts of the skin exposed to cold as well as those in contact with cold water. The result of an "ice-cube test" was positive. Serologic tests for Toxoplasma gondii showed an IgG level of 68 UI/ml and were positive for IgM, while a test for cryoglobulins was positive. One month later cryoglobulins were negative and a serologic test for T. gondii showed an IgG concentration of 75 UI/ml and positive IgM. Three months later cryoglobulins were still negative, IgG for T. gondii was 84 UI/ml, and IgM was positive. After 6 months cryoglobulins were still negative, IgG level was 68 UI/ml and IgM was still slightly positive. In the final evaluation, 14 months later, IgG level was 32 UI/ml and IgM was negative. The patient continues to present clinical manifestations of cold urticaria, although he has experienced some improvement and his tolerance to cold has increased after treatment with cetirizine.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1998

Experimental ocular toxoplasmosis in naive and primed rabbits.

PURPOSE: Investigations of the course of ocular toxoplasmosis and the influence of a host's immunological status in an animal model would contribute to our understanding of the pathophysiology underlying this condition. In the current study, these aspects are addressed using naive and primed rabbits infected transvitreally with the non-cyst-forming BK strain of Toxoplasma gondii. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Of 45 latex agglutination test-negative rabbits, 27 were infected subcutaneously with 5,000 Toxoplasma tachyzoites, and the ensuing infection treated by systemic administration of clindamycin for 20 days. Four of these rabbits died from generalized infection. The remaining 23 primed rabbits were then inoculated periretinally with a further 5,000 Toxoplasma tachyzoites, administered via the transvitreal route; the 18 naive rabbits were treated likewise. RESULTS: All 18 naive and 21 of the 23 primed rabbits developed toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis. As regarded progression of the disease, dissemination of the condition (p = 0.0001), degree of vitreal infiltration (p = 0.0001) and incidence of retinal detachment (p < 0.05) were all more pronounced in the naive group. Despite treatment, 4 of the 18 (22%) naive rabbits died from generalized infection, as did 4 of the 27 (15%) subcutaneously infected ones (prior to periretinal infection). In the primed (secondarily infected) animal group, only moderate signs of systemic infection were manifested, and there were no fatalities. CONCLUSION: The high incidence (>90%) of retinochoroiditis achieved even in primed animals, by introducing Toxoplasma tachyzoites via the transvitreal route, may reflect the maintenance of an intact uveovascular barrier during the early stages of the disease. The pattern of infection, in being restricted primarily to the retina, mimics the situation evinced in humans. Regarding propagation of the disease, the condition manifested in naive rabbits resembles that occurring in immunodeficient patients, whereas that evoked in primed animals corresponds to recurrence of infection in immunocompetent patients.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Hydrocephalus: an unusual CT presentation of cerebral toxoplasmosis in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.

We describe a case of central nervous system (CNS) toxoplasmosis in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Supratentorial hydrocephalus as a result of aqueductal collapse was the only abnormal finding on computed tomography scan. Toxoplasma gondii is the most common pathogen organism in high-risk AIDS's patients with involvement of the CNS.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1990

Alpha-1-antitrypsin types and serum levels in toxoplasmosis.

alpha 1-Antitrypsin (PI) types were studied in patients with toxoplasmosis (n = 84) and controls (n = 143) using isoelectric focusing. The patients showed a lower frequency of rare types (p less than 0.025) and a higher frequency of individuals with increased PI levels (p less than 0.005) compared to controls.

Humans↗
PubMed1985

Sweet's syndrome and toxoplasmosis: a coincidental association?

A case report of febrile neutrophilic dermatosis as previously described by Sweet. The acute febrile illness is accompanied by plaque eruption and a positive toxoplasma indirect fluorescent antibody (IFA) test. Moreover, clinical and histopathological manifestations were compatible with the cutaneous reactive manifestation of toxoplasmosis and disappeared only after specific therapy.

Acute Disease↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Congenital toxoplasmosis in twins: a case report.

We report a case of congenital toxoplasmosis in a twin pregnancy at 21 weeks of gestation. The complete antenatal investigation included ultrasound examination, cordocentesis and amniocentesis. The ultrasonographic evaluation showed a distinct morphological aspect confirmed by the fetal biological profile. The time lag between placental and fetal infection, or the immunological fetal responses could explain the varying stages of the fetal disease. This is another case which early demonstrates that there may exist a distinct clinical pattern in bichorial pregnancy with varying biological fetal responses. It underlines the importance of cordocentesis in the case of maternal toxoplasma seroconversion, enabling us to gather a maximum number of biological data for complete appreciation of the fetal status. The information obtained permits a precise adaptation of the medical decision.

Abortion, Induced↗
PubMed1997

Uveitis: is ocular toxoplasmosis only a clinical diagnosis?

Between 1981 and 1994, the detection of specific antibodies against Toxoplasma gondii was performed simultaneously in serum and aqueous humor from 90 patients, and the Witmer-Desmonts coefficient measuring the relative concentration of antibodies produced locally was calculated to confirm the clinical diagnosis of ocular toxoplasmosis. Thirty-seven results were positive (41.1%), 12 uncertain (13.3%) and 41 negative (45.6%). These results are compared with the data obtained by the polymerase chain reaction for the genomic detection of an infectious agent in the aqueous humor that have recently been published.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Lesions of neonatally induced toxoplasmosis in cats.

Five pregnant queens were inoculated orally with Toxoplasma gondii tissue cysts. Twenty-two live and three dead kittens were born 16 to 31 days after inoculation. Four kittens were eaten by queens and, thus, were not available for histologic examination. Twenty-one kittens that died or were euthanatized on day 2 (two kittens), 4 (one kitten), 5 (five kittens), 6 (five kittens), 7 (one kitten), 8 (four kittens), 16 (two kittens), and 29 (one kitten) after birth were studied histologically. T gondii was detected by bioassay and was seen in histologic sections of tissues from all 21 kittens. The histologic lesions associated with neonatal toxoplasmosis were widely disseminated infiltrates of macrophages and neutrophils often accompanied by necrosis; lymphocytes and plasma cells were occasionally present. The most consistent lesions were proliferative interstitial pneumonia (21/21); necrotizing hepatitis (20/21); myocarditis (21/21); skeletal myositis (21/21); glossal myositis (19/19); nonsuppurative encephalitis affecting the cerebrum (18/18), brain stem (15/15), and spinal cord (9/9); uveitis (19/19); necrotizing adrenal adenitis (18/18); and interstitial nephritis (16/21). Placental lesions (2/2) consisted of grossly visible areas of necrosis and mineralization.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Spinal cord toxoplasmosis in a patient with human immunodeficiency virus infection.

Spinal cord toxoplasmosis occurs rarely in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). It usually presents as a space occupying lesion which makes differentiation from a neoplasm difficult. As a result, only 2 of the 5 previously reported cases have been diagnosed antemortem. We have incorporated the clinical details from one further case to describe the clinical features of this condition. The clarification of this clinical entity may allow earlier diagnosis of this rare condition in the future.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
PubMed1994

Experimental toxoplasmosis in Japanese quail.

Twenty-four 5-month-old battery-hatched Japanese quail were inoculated orally with 10(5) (ME 49 strain, group A, 6 birds), 10(3) (ME 49 strain, group B, 6 birds), 10(5) (GT-1 strain, group C, 6 birds), and 10(3) (GT-1 strain, group D, 6 birds) Toxoplasma gondii oocysts. All birds in group C died or were euthanized within 8 days after inoculation (DAI). Five of the 6 birds in group D died or were euthanized 8, 9, 15, 19, and 23 DAI. One of the 6 quail in group A died 9 DAI, and 1 of the 6 birds in group D died 16 DAI. The 11 quail (1 from group D and 10 from groups A and B) were euthanized 63 DAI; T. gondii was isolated by bioassays in mice from the brains of 10, hearts of 10, and skeletal muscles of all 11 quail. Quail that survived marked small intestinal and splenic toxoplasmosis lived long enough to develop severe protozoal pneumonia, myocarditis, or meningoencephalitis. The quail that survived only to be examined at 63 DAI had moderate multifocal nonpurulent encephalitis and myositis and had a hypertrophic spleen that contained hemosiderin-laden macrophages. Toxoplasma gondii antibodies were found in the sera of all quail examined 63 DAI. Antibody titers to T. gondii in the modified agglutination test were higher than in the indirect hemagglutination and latex agglutination tests. Antibodies were not detected in quail sera examined by the Sabin-Feldman dye test.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMed2002

Congenital toxoplasmosis: eye manifestations in infants and children.

The eye manifestations of congenital toxoplasmosis were investigated in 38 infants and children. Diagnosis of the congenital ocular lesions was established clinically, using also X-ray, computed tomography and ultrasonography, and confirmed by two immunodiagnostic techniques. Infants and children were examined when one or more characteristic manifestations of ophthalmic disorders were present. Typical symptoms and signs can present at birth or appear later in life. The multiplicity of clinical manifestations is characteristic of the disease. The most common symptom was chorioretinitis (92%), associated in 71% of the cases with other ocular lesions, and the second most common symptom was microphthalmia and strabismus. The inflammatory process also involved the anterior segment of the eye: iridocyclitis, cataract, glaucoma. Other rare findings were hydrocephalus, calcification in the brain, paresis, epilepsy and diminished visual acuity. The study showed that transplacental transmission of Toxoplasma to the fetus can have severe clinical consequences and terminate in fatal ocular impairment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Toxoplasmosis in piglets.

Seventeen-day-old piglets in a small holding farm in southern Thailand manifested signs of convulsion, fever, and death. The morbidity and mortality rate were approximately 26.09% (6/23) and 4.35% (1/23), respectively. Impression smear from lungs demonstrated tachyzoite stage of Toxoplasma gondii. Histopathological investigation revealed interstitial pneumonia. Further investigation, blood collection, educating the farmer, and prescribed affected herd with sulfa-trimethoprim were performed soon after Toxoplasma infection was demonstrated. A serological detection of T. gondii infection among affected herds using latex agglutination test was conducted on 14 serum samples. The overall seroprevalence was 71.43% (10/14). The titers were 1:64 in 3 pigs (21.43%), 1:128 in 4 (28.57%), 1:256 in 2 (14.29%), and 1:512 in 1 (7.14%). A cat in this farm showed antibody titer 1:32 while a dog was seronegative. Data derived from this case indicated two possible routes of transmission: transplacental infection and ingested food or water contaminated with oocysts shed by cat in this farm. However, rodents can not exclude as a role of toxoplasmosis transmission. Serological monitoring at slaughter houses combine with good sanitary practices, rodent and cat control in the farm are important measures to prevent toxoplasma infection and improve human health in the future.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1975

Toxoplasmosis mimicking a brain abscess in an adult with treated scleroderma.

Toxoplasmosis was found in a 41-year-old man whose presenting symptoms suggested the presence of a presenting symptoms suggested the presence of a space-occupying cerebral lesion and meningitis. The diagnosis was confirmed histologically and serologically. Sulfisoxazole and pyrimethamine therapy resulted in resolution of the meningitis within 2 weeks, but no significant clinical change was otherwise observed. The pathology and epidemiology of similar cases are reviewed.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Changes of total content of magnesium and zinc status in patients with chronic toxoplasmosis.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of the Toxoplasma gondii infection on the total content of the essential elements Zn and Mg levels. Plasma zinc and magnesium concentrations were measured in 158 patients whose anti-T gondii IgG antibodies were positive. Scores were obtained for the patients and their age- and sex-matched 82 sero-negative healthy controls. The mean concentration of Mg in blood was significantly lower in sero-positive patients than in their controls both in females (p < 0.01) and males (p < 0.01). The average Zn concentration in seropositive female patients was 0.72+/-0.2 mg/L and 0.65+/-0.1 mg/L in controls (p > 0.05). The mean values of the Zn in blood were 1.00+/-0.3 mg/L in seropositive male patients and 0.84+/-0.2 in controls (p > 0.05). No correlation could be demonstrated between age and mean values of Zn and Mg in both sero-positive females/males and controls (p > 0.05). No significant correlation could be found between blood Zn and Mg levels in seropositive female/male patients and controls (p > 0.05). Mg levels were found to be clearly decreased in the patients with chronic toxoplasmosis, whereas no change was observed in Zn levels.

Adult↗