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At least 1,639 records · Page 91Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Localization of proanthocyanidins using in situ-hydrolysis with sulfuric acid.

A valuable method for specific localization of proanthocyanidins in plant tissues is given. The specificity is based on the acid hydrolysis of condensed tannins in situ via hot sulfuric acid, yielding bright red anthocyanidins. This treatment did not cause noticeable damage of tissue embedded in glycol methacrylate prior to sectioning. Further proof of specificity was achieved by control staining with the flavan-3-ol-selective p-dimethylaminocinnamaldehyde (DMACA) reagent. In addition, comparison of adjacent sections stained with the DMACA reagent may give coarse information about the degree of polymerization of the proanthocyanidins.

Anthocyanins↗
PubMed1976

Glycoprotein nature of tannase in Aspergillus niger.

1. Tannase (tannin acyl-hydrolase, EC 3.1.1.20) was isolated from the culture medium of Aspergillus niger and purified about 200-fold. On polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis it gave a single band. 2. The molecular weight of the enzyme was of the order of 55 000 as determined by gel filtration. The enzyme contains 21.5% of carbohydrates (mannose and glucose). 3. Treatment of tannase with alkaline borohydride decreased the content of threonine, serine and mannose, suggesting that the carbohydrate-peptide linkage is of the O-glycoside type, involving mannose linked to threonine and serine.

Aspergillus↗
PubMed1976

[Relationship between blocking the erythrocyte surface and the quantity of IgG molecules bound in the process of hemosensitization].

Under different conditions of the IgG-sensitization of the tannin-treated erythrocytes a determination was made of the degree of blocking the cell surface. There was shown a reverse relationship between the amount of the bound IgG molecules and their portions bound by the surface with the maximal cross-section. Fixation of the IgG by means of CH2O at the end of sensitization led to the additional blocking of the erythrocyte surface. The limit of the erythrocyte saturation with the IgG molecules was controlled by the greatest possible density of the globulin molecules localization.

Antigen-Antibody Reactions↗
PubMed1999

[Standardization of hazel leaf].

Dried leaves of 9 harvested batches and 5 batches of commercial origin from Corylus avellana L. were examined. The levels of principal polyphenolic compounds averaged respectively: total flavonoids 2.58 and 2.58%, myricitrin 1.09 and 1.35%, quercitrin 0.30 and 0.40%, tannins 5.2 and 6.5%. Specifications were discussed for a French Pharmacopoeial monography.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid↗
PubMed2000

[Study on gallic acid preparation by using immobilized tannase from Aspergillus niger].

Immobilized tannase which had higher ability of transforming tannin from Chinese gallotannin into GA was prepared by embedding tannase with calcium alginate carrier. The immobilization conditions and some properties of the immobilized tannase were studied. The results showed that: The optimal immobilized parametres were 90 mg sodium alginate, 546 u(182 u/mL) tannase and 1%-2% CaCl2. The optimum temperature and pH value of immobilized tannase were 45 degrees C and 6.5, respectively. It was stable in the temperature range of 10-50 degrees C and between pH5-7. Based on the optimum program, the laboratory gramme-grade preparation experiments of GA were done. The average yield of GA product in three preparations was upto 61%, and was about equivalent to the yield of acidic hydrolytic method which is used to produce GA industrially now. Thus, the research results possessed potential applied value.

Aspergillus niger↗
PubMed1976

Stable erythrocyte diagnostic preparation for passive haemagglutination test with herpes simplex virus antigen.

A method for the preparation of stable suspensions of erythrocytes sensitized with herpes simplex virus (HSV) antigen and for their use in the passive haemagglutination test (PHAT) was developed. Formolized sheep erythrocytes were treated with tannin and sensitized with HSV antigen prepared from infected chick embryo cell culture by ultrasonication and virus extraction with alkaline glycine buffer. Antibody titres determined in the PHAT were higher than titres of neutralizing antibody. The specificity of the results was checked by the passive haemagglutination-inhibition test (PHAIT). The sensitized erythrocytes retained their activity for 5 months (the observation period) and gave reproducible results. The availability of stable erythrocyte diagnostic preparations simplifies the detection of herpesvirus antibody and makes the method widely applicable.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Harvesting and climate effects on organic matter characteristics in British Columbia coastal forests.

As part of investigations into the effects of harvesting old-growth forest, we characterized carbon in five organic matter pools in eight forest chronosequences of coastal British Columbia. Each chronosequence comprised stands in four seral stages from regeneration (3-8 yr) to old-growth (>250 yr), with second-growth stands mostly of harvest origin. Stands were located in two biogeoclimatic subzones with contrasting climate (wetter, slightly cooler conditions on the west coast of Vancouver Island than on the east). Carbon concentrations in fine woody debris (FWD), forest floor (LFH), fine roots from LFH, and two water-floatable fractions from 10 to 30 cm mineral soil (MIN-ROOT, 2-8 mm and MIN-FLOAT, <2 mm) showed no significant effects due to climate, seral stage, or site. There were some significant differences in N concentrations, but none related to seral stage. Carbon-13 cross-polarization with magic-angle spinning (CPMAS) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra with principal component analysis of relative areas also showed little harvesting effect, but greater variation related to input of coarse woody debris (CWD) vs. roots high in tannin. Overall, there tended to be more spectral features associated with wood and lignin in the west; whereas some MIN-ROOT samples from the drier east side had aromatic intensity attributed to charcoal. The minimal effects of one harvest on organic matter are most likely due to the large legacy effect; however, more intensive management will probably result in less CWD retention, less charcoal input, and less microsite variability in these pools of poorly decomposed organic matter.

Astringents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Galascorbine structure, studied by nuclear magnetic resonance].

The chemical structure of a galascorbine molecule was studied by the nuclear magnetic resonance NMR technique. On the basis of the obtained NMR spectra a conclusion was drawn than galascorbine is ester ascorbic acid and tannin hydroxycarbon acids. This finding was confirmed by the results of independent studies in the products of interaction between ascorbic and gallic acids.

Ascorbic Acid↗
PubMed2002

Foraging challenges of red colobus monkeys: influence of nutrients and secondary compounds.

The diet selection of two groups of red colobus monkeys (Procolobus badius) in Kibale National Park, Uganda are considered with respect to protein, fiber, digestibility, alkaloids, total phenolics, tannins, saponins, and cyanogenic glycosides. Both groups selected young leaves over mature leaves and young leaves had more protein, were more digestible, and had a higher protein to fiber ratio than mature leaves. Young and mature leaves did not differ with respect to secondary compounds. There were no differences in the phytochemical factors examined between frequently eaten foods and leaves that red colobus were never known to eat, but were relatively common in the environment. Regression analyses predicting foraging effort from the phytochemical components of the large group's diet revealed selection for only one factor, foods that are high in protein and low in fiber, when differences in food tree availability were taken into consideration. A similar analysis with the small group did not suggest selection or avoidance of foods with respect to any of the factors considered. Previous studies have found the biomass of folivorous primates to be related to the ratio of protein to fiber concentration of mature leaves in the environment. These investigations have considered variation in folivore biomass and forest composition among sites separated by hundreds of kilometers; however, large variation in folivore abundance occurs over much smaller spatial scales. In Kibale National Park the average protein to fiber ratio of the mature leaves of the 20 most abundant tree species predicted the biomass of red colobus among four neighboring sites. We examined the generality of this relationship by adding our biomass and leaf chemistry values to previously published values; 62% of the variance in colobine biomass was explained by variation in the protein to fiber ratios of mature leaves at the sites. There was no evidence that red colobus avoided plants with high levels of secondary compounds. In fact, one of the most preferred trees (Prunus africana) was the species with the highest levels of cyanogenic glycosides, and the highest saponin levels were found in the young leaves of Albizia grandibracteata, the sixth and fourth most preferred plant species for the large and small groups, respectively.

Alkaloids↗
PubMedDate not supplied

An unusual side effect on the skin under high dose D-penicillamin treatment.

An unusual side effect on the skin after one year's high dosage (3,0 g/die) of D-Penicillamin-treatment is reported. The skin showed double-pin-sized vesicles and laceration after minor injuries. After reduction of the dosage to 1,8 g/die and bathing the hands three times/day for 2 minutes in 1% Tannin solution the skin lesions and wounds healed eventually.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Tannic acid is an inhibitor of CXCL12 (SDF-1alpha)/CXCR4 with antiangiogenic activity.

PURPOSE: Increasing evidence suggests that interaction between the chemoattractant CXCL12/stromal cell-derived factor-1alpha and its receptor CXCR4 plays a pivotal role in the metastasis of various tumors. Our previous studies showed that multi-component Chinese herbal medicines inhibited the effects of CXCL12/CXCR4. As a result of sequential chromatographic fractionation of one herbal medicine ingredient, Lianqiao (fruit of Forsythia suspensa), we observed that tannins were, at least in part, responsible for this activity. The aim of this study was to assess the anti-CXCL12/CXCR4 activity of a commercial tannic acid and evaluate its potential to inhibit tumor cell migration and angiogenesis in vitro. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: The inhibitory effect of tannic acid on CXCL12/CXCR4 was measured by chemotaxis assay, ligand binding assay, and fluorescence-activated cell sorter analysis. The antiangiogenic effect of tannic acid was assessed by in vitro endothelial cell tube formation. RESULTS: Tannic acid, at nontoxic concentrations, specifically inhibited CXCL12-induced human monocyte migration (IC(50), 7.5 micro g/ml) but did not inhibit CCL2-, CCL3-, CCL5-, formylmethionylleucylphenylalanine (fMLP)-, or C5a-induced migration. The compound markedly blocked CXCL12 binding to THP-1 cells (IC(50), 0.36 micro g/ml). Tannic acid also inhibited CXCL12-induced, but not epidermal growth factor-induced, migration of MDA 231 breast tumor cells. Additionally, 0.5 micro g/ml of tannic acid selectively inhibited CXCL12-mediated, but not basic fibroblast growth factor- or endothelial cell growth supplement-mediated, bovine aorta endothelial cell capillary tube formation. CONCLUSION: These studies indicate that tannic acid is a novel selective CXCL12/CXCR4 antagonist and consequently may provide a mechanistic basis for the reported antitumor and anti-inflammatory properties of tannic acid.

Angiogenesis Inhibitors↗
PubMed2003

[The use of barberry berries in human nutrition].

The contents of carbohydrates, organic acids, some vitamin, poliphenolic compounds, pectin tannin, mineral elements, in berberis vulgaris are presented. Describle utilize berberis in traditional medicine and dietetica are also outlined.

Berberis↗
PubMed1976

Interaction of erythrocytes with human serum proteins. I. Analysis of the effect of pH and ionic strength of the medium.

The effect of ionic parameters of the medium (pH and ionic strength) on the processes of interaction of tannin-treated erythrocytes and the protein fractions of human serum (macroglobulins, microglobulins and albumin) was studied in factorial experiments. Complex effect of these parametres on the processes under investigation and optimum conditions of erythrocyte sensitization were established. Subsequent fixation of antibodies by the erythrocyte diagnostic and their agglutinating activity are manifested in different mannera depending on the conditions of preceding sensitization. Important peculiarities were discovered in the mechanism of interaction between the erythrocytes and various serum proteins. The obtained results should be taken into account in the production of erythrocyte antigen and antibody diagnosticums.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Determination of immunological activity in vitro of some plant raw materials.

Aqueous extracts of five tannin plant raw materials have been studied for the survivals of thymocytes from the thymus of Balb-c mice. The immunostimulation activity was compared with a preparation from calf thymi TFX and phenolic acids: ellagic and gallic acids. It was found that only the Fructus Myrtilli extract has revealed a statistically significant influence on the survival of thymocytes.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed2004

[Experimental study on hemostatic effect of flos sophorae and its extracts].

OBJECTIVE: To compare the hemostatic effect of Flos Sophorae in crude, parched and carbonized forms and its extracts, including rutin, quercetin and tannin. METHODS: All the testing samples were orally administered to the experimental animals for 5 days, then the bleeding time (BT), coagulation time (CT), platelet count and capillary permeability (CP) in the treated mice were tested, and the prothrombin time (PT), fibrinogen (FBG) content and platelet aggregation rate (PAR) in the treated rats were determined. RESULTS: All the samples could lower the CP, BT and CT in mice and also decrease the plasma PT in rats. All three forms of Flos Sophorae could increase FBG in rats, while the three extracts of it could inhibit the PAR in rats obviously. In addition, rutin had the effect of raising the platelet count. CONCLUSION: All the three forms and three extracts of Flos Sophorae have hemostatic effect, the effect of parched and carbonized form is higher than that of crude drug. The mechanism of the hemostatic effect of the six kinds of sample might be various.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The absorption and metabolism of modified amino acids in processed foods.

The chemical reactions involved in the modifications of amino acids in processed food proteins are described. They concern the Maillard reaction, reaction with polyphenols and tannins, formation of lysinoalanine during alkaline and heat treatments, formation of isopeptides, oxidation reaction of the sulfur amino acids, and isomerization of the L-amino acids into their D-form. Information on the digestion, absorption, and urinary excretion of the reaction products obtained by using conventional nutritional tests is given. The studies that have been made on the metabolism of these molecules by using a radioisotopic approach to follow their kinetics in the organism after ingestion are also reviewed. This approach provides unique data on the quantitation of the metabolic pathways and on the kinetics of the metabolic processes involved.

Absorption↗
PubMed2004

Experimental study of treatment effectiveness of the natural drug--Naran S in inflammatory conditions of the oral cavity in animals.

The aim of the study was the evaluation of the action of a new natural drug--Naran S, elaborated in the Department of Inorganic Chemistry of the Medical University of Lublin (patent registration P.332066) in the treatment of inflammatory conditions of the oral cavity mucous membrane. The experiment was conducted on male Wistar rats. Topical inflammation of the gum was induced by injecting a complete Freund adjuvant (AF) (Calbiochem) into the inter-dental papilla of the lower incisors. The material was taken, fixed and stained with hematoxylin and eosin and by the use of the Masson's method after 24 hours, 1, 2, and 4 weeks following the injection time. Morphology of the mucous membrane was examined and it was noticed that in the group treated with Naran S infusion the complete rebuilding of the epithelial strata, collagen fibres took place. The shape of the cells was regular and there occurred the elimination of the tissue fluid in the proper mucous membrane. The results obtained in the study allow to claim that the topically given plant drug thanks to its contents of biologically active substance such as: iridoids, flavonoids, phenol acids, tannins, displays curative activity in the therapy of the inflammatory conditions of the oral cavity mucous membrane.

Animals↗