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Results for “Social Behavior Disorders”

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PubMedDate not supplied

Virtual Dementia Tour helps sensitize health care providers.

A review of the literature on sensitivity training among caregivers for the elderly revealed that no programs focused specifically on the cognitive changes that occur due to aging. Second Wind Dreams, a national nonprofit organization committed to improving society's perception of aging, conducted a study in which degenerative physical symptoms common for this population, such as impaired vision and motor skills, were simulated in a group of 146 subjects who worked in the field of elder care to give them a broader sense of the patient's perspective. Overwhelmingly, participants in the study came away with heightened awareness of the plight of confused elders and a strong sense that the high behavioral expectations caregivers have for dementia patients are unrealistic and need to change.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1999

Prevention of common mental health problems among adolescents. National and local best practices in school-based health centers.

A primary goal of school-based health centers is to reduce the occurrence of high-risk behaviors and mental health problems commonly exhibited by adolescents. This paper provides a review of national best practice prevention strategies for common adolescent problems including school dropout, violence, and other high-risk behaviors. Specific prevention programs, currently in use in Louisiana school-based health centers, are described and linked to national best practice.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

[Sixty years of autism].

The concept of autism has been broadened the last few years from 'early infantile autism' to 'an autistic spectrum'. Autism and related contact disorders are grouped together under 'pervasive developmental disorders' or 'autistic spectrum disorders'. The autistic disorder, Asperger's syndrome, pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified (PDD-NOS), Rett's disorder and the childhood disintegrative disorder all belong to this group. People with an autistic spectrum disorder have severe difficulties in the integration of perceived stimuli into a meaningful entity. More than two-thirds of the people with the autistic disorder (classical autism) are also mentally retarded. Although autism can still only be diagnosed at the behavioural level, there is considerable consensus regarding an underlying organic aetiology. Autism is clearly a multifactorial condition. Autism cannot be cured, but adequate intervention can significantly improve the quality of life of people with this disorder. Diagnosis and intervention are highly interrelated. In the intervention, a distinction is made between family-oriented and child-oriented strategies. Augmentative communication plays a key role in the treatment. People with autism need a lot of structure, clarity and predictability, also when they have become adults.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Social skills and irrational beliefs: a preliminary report.

Recent studies have suggested that irrational beliefs, as measured by the Irrational Beliefs Test (IBT), may contribute to social skills deficits. However, studies evaluating the correspondence between irrational beliefs and behavioral indices of social skills and social anxiety have yet to be reported. IBT data obtained from social skill deficit patient populations also have yet to appear in the literature. The present study addresses these issues by presenting IBT data obtained from a sample of 63 psychiatric patients referred for assessment of social skills deficits and evaluating the relationship of these data and patients' performance on a standardized behavioral measure of social skills and social anxiety, the Simulated Social Interaction Test (SSIT); and, presenting a comparison between IBT subscale scores obtained from the psychiatric sample and those obtained from a large (n = 897) student sample. A weak relationship was found between two IBT subscales and the SSIT. A mean level difference between patients' performance and student norms was also found on four subscales of the IBT. Implications for further assessment and treatment research with the IBT, social anxiety and social skills are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Training of social competence with nursery-school children.

Our study reports about the performance of a training with social inassertive nursery-school children (see Petermann & Petermann 1989). The proceeding was mainly related to the conception of learned helplessness of Seligman referred to an individual and a group training with exactly defined objects. The participants of the study were five children in the age between four and six years. Effects of the training could be proved by individual case studies and the application of ARIMA-models. Behavior observations were conducted to establish the diagnoses and to control the progress during the training. The training took place over a period of four months and the control of efficiency was extended to six months. The result was a confirmation of the differentiated hypotheses related to the individual cases and so a proof of the success of the training.

Assertiveness↗
PubMed2004

Reconstructing psychopathy: clarifying the significance of antisocial and socially deviant behavior in the diagnosis of psychopathic personality disorder.

A survey of clinical views suggests that the significance of antisocial and socially deviant behavior in the diagnosis of psychopathic personality disorder is unclear. To investigate this issue, we evaluated Psychopathy Checklist-Revised ratings (PCL-R; Hare, 1991) using structural equation modeling. One model, referred to as the measurement model, included PCL-R ratings related to antisocial behavior as primary symptoms of psychopathy; a second, referred to as the causal model, included the same PCL-R ratings as secondary symptoms or consequences. Compared to the measurement models, the causal model included more PCL-R items, was more parsimonious, and had equal or superior fit indices. These findings suggest that antisocial behavior is best viewed as a secondary symptom or consequence of psychopathy, In addition, the findings have important implications for future research and clinical-forensic practice, especially concerning the assessment of risk for criminality and violence.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Chromosome 22q11 deletion syndrome (CATCH 22): neuropsychiatric and neuropsychological aspects.

Twenty children and young adults (age range 5 to 33 years, 12 females and eight males) with genetically confirmed 22q11 deletion syndrome (CATCH 22: Cardiac anomaly, Anomalous face, Thymus hypoplasia/aplasia, Cleft palate, and Hypocalcaemia), recruited from a large ongoing study, were given comprehensive assessments with a view to determining the pattern of neuropsychiatric and neuropsychological deficits thought to be part of the syndrome in many cases. IQ ranged between 46 and 100 with a mean score of 70. Half the group had an IQ <70. In 13 individuals, attention-deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), mainly inattentive or combined type in most cases, and/or autism spectrum problems were diagnosed. Many participants, even among those who had an IQ within the normal range and had neither ADHD nor autistic spectrum problems, showed a characteristic and pronounced behavioural profile with low mental energy, initiation difficulties, deficits in sustained attention, and social interaction (often augmented by limited facial expression and communication and speech problems).

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1975

Antisocial children in a summer camp environment: a time-sampling study.

A discussion is set forth regarding the possibly dysfunctional consequences of grouping antisocial children in homogeneous contexts for treatment. It is posited that antisocial children can profit from being placed for treatment in community based settings (for example, community centers, YMCAs, and neighborhood settlement houses) in which most of the other children are considered prosocial. In the present study 5 antisocial boys were placed in a residential summer camp consisting of 81 boys and 75 girls. Comparisons are made among the frequencies of prosocial, nonsocial, and antisocial behavior observed for the antisocial children placed in four groups, prosocial children in these groups, and the prosocial children in four other groups. These comparisons yield no significant differences among the antisocial and prosocial children's behavior. Findings are discussed in terms of their relevance for the helping professions.

Camping↗