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PubMed1994

Atrial natriuretic peptide in plasma after prolonged physical strain, energy deficiency and sleep deprivation.

Plasma concentrations of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) were investigated daily in 16 male cadets during a 6-day military training course with continuous heavy physical activities, sleep and energy deficiency (course I). At the end of another similar course (course II) 15 cadets were studied during 30-min cycle exercise at 50% maximal oxygen uptake with and without glucose infusion. A small, but not significant increase was found in the plasma concentrations of ANP during course I from 9.6 (SEM 1.1) pmol.l-1 in the control experiment to 11.1 (SEM 0.5) pmol.l-1 on day 5. During course II a small but significant increase was found from 7.8 (SEM 0.5) pmol.l-1 in the control experiment to 9.1 (SEM 0.5) pmol.l-1 at the end of the course. Plasma osmolality and chloride concentration decreased during the course. During the exercise test a significant increase was seen in ANP concentration from 8.2 (SEM 0.8) to 13.1 (SEM 2.0) pmol.l-1 in the control experiment and from 9.4 (SEM 0.7) to 13.5 (SEM 1.2) pmol.l-1 during the course. This response was attenuated by glucose infusion, an effect which may have been due to an exercise induced increase in plasma chloride concentration being abolished. In contrast, the potassium concentration response to exercise was increased during the course but unaffected by glucose infusion. In conclusion, the large increases in endogenous plasma catecholamine concentration shown to take place during previous courses were not reflected in the plasma concentrations of ANP, indicating only a moderate cardiac stress or no cardiac work overload during such courses.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

The effects of REM sleep deprivation on the level of sleepiness/alertness.

STUDY OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of acute REM deprivation on daytime sleepiness/alertness, as measured by the MSLT. PARTICIPANTS: Twenty-six healthy, normal volunteers (14 males and 12 females) participated in this study. Participating subjects were in good physical and psychological health and were asymptomatic as to sleep/wake complaints. INTERVENTIONS: Subjects spent 5 nights and 5 days in the laboratory. The first night and day were utilized for screening purposes. The remaining stay in the laboratory consisted of a baseline night and day, 2 deprivation nights and days, and a recovery night and day. Each night, a nocturnal polysomnogram was employed to monitor subjects' sleep. Each day, subjects underwent an MSLT to evaluate their sleepiness/alertness. Subjects were randomized into REM-deprivation (RD) and yoked-control (YC) groups. On deprivation nights, RD subjects were awakened each time they entered stage REM sleep, and the YC subjects were awakened concomitantly with the RD subjects, assuming they were not in stage REM sleep. RESULTS: The REM-deprived subjects did not demonstrate any changes in MSLT scores across experimental days. In contrast, the YC subjects documented significantly lower MSLT scores on deprivation days due to decreased total sleep time. CONCLUSION: The REM-deprivation procedure antagonized the effects of sleep loss on daytime sleepiness, resulting in increased alertness for RD subjects compared to YC subjects. The mechanism by which REM deprivation exerts its alerting effects is unknown and will require future research.

Adult↗