Chemical peeling as adjuvant therapy for facial neurotic excoriations.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Adult↗
SEARCH · Search PubMed
Results for “SELF MUTILATION”
Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.
Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.
Cutaneous artifactual disease. A review, amplified by personal experience.
Cutaneous artifactual disease is part of the general syndrome of contrived disease. While classical examples are easy to recognize, it can present in unusual ways. Difficulties in recognition include the unusual doctor-patient relationship, the doctor's fear of missing organic disease, and the reality of the disease to the patient's family and the family doctor. The diagnosis depends upon finding lesions whose morphology is consistent and an emotionally immature patient, whose personality shows, or has shown, hysterical and masochistic traits. Lesions "arrive" fully developed. Once there they begin to heal, so that a continuous supply of new ones is necessary if the illness is to continue. High intelligence is compatible with the diagnosis, but a mature personality is not. The differential diagnosis is extensive. Investigations prove negative or equivocal; in the latter case, the investigator is led even further into unfamiliar territory. It is suggested that the essence of management is to keep in contact with the patient.
Burns↗
Dermatopsychosomatics: classification, physiology, and therapeutic approaches.
Psychosomatic dermatology is practiced in some manner by every dermatologist. In spite of this, there has been a virtual void in the literature from the middle 1950s until the present time. The relationship to physiologic phenomena, as well as a classification of psychosomatic dermatology, is reviewed. Dermatologic patients are divided into three groups: the primary group in which the emotional disorder is the primary disease and the cutaneous disorder merely part of its expression; the secondary group in which the basic cause is organic but does not affect the person emotionally in various degrees; and the collaborative group in which the organic causes and emotional disorders combine in different degrees to cause the skin disorder. This paper discusses anxiety and depression along with methods of dermatologic psychosomatic therapy consisting of antianxiety drugs, especially the benzodiazepines, antidepressants, hypnosis, behavior therapy, and the doctor/patient rapport. We conclude that one of the objectives for every dermatologist is to treat the entire patient-the psyche along with the soma.
Anxiety↗
Self-inflicted tongue ulcer: an unusual form of factitious disorder.
Factitious disorders in the buccal cavity are infrequent. A 9-year-old boy with a 5-year history of an artefact ulcer of the tongue is described. Psychiatric evaluation revealed an altered personality structure with a background of psychotic traits. Complete remission was observed with psychiatric management.
Anti-Anxiety Agents↗
Naltrexone for neurotic excoriations.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Humans↗
Parrot psychology and behavior problems.
Behavior modification training, like veterinary medicine, is an exacting science, requiring a knowledge of not only wild avian behavior, but of child and adult human behavior as well. It is important to note that absolutely any changes in a bird's or its owner's environment may trigger a vast assortment undesirable behaviors. Some behavior problems are simple, but most have multiple causes and each of those causes must be determined and corrected before a high rate of success is evident. As in veterinary medicine, some birds respond to general "shotgun" techniques; however, parrots are intelligent and complex creatures. They consider themselves an integral part of their human "flock" and respond as such. Most commonly seen negative behaviors can be altered, at least to some extent, and, in most cases, they can be alleviated completely. Yelling at the bird, striking it, or any other type of confrontational behavior modification technique is virtually useless and can actually worsen most situations. A high percentage of success involves extensive history taking, an understanding of human and wild animal flock behavior, and the time to create a complete program for each individual and its owner.
Animals↗
Disorders of the avian integument.
The avian integument consists of highly specialized structures that show extreme variations between species. Feathers are the most obvious part of the integument, and their color and beauty forms an important basis for the attraction of birds to humans. Any disorder in the feathers can be distressing for a client and frustrating for the avian practitioner. The cause of some disorders may be apparent, but others have a complex pathogenesis involving management, human-bird interaction, malnutrition, psychologic factors, disease, or hormone imbalances.
Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena↗
Self-induced subcutaneous air mimicking a gas-forming infection.
We describe three cases of self-induced soft-tissue gas among inmates at a prison. This behavior was specifically designed to gain hospitalization and relied on the simulation of a necrotizing soft-tissue infection. Two cases were treated by surgical exploration only. The third case was treated non-surgically after the etiology was suspected. The possibility of self-induced injury or manufactured physical signs is high in the prison population, and the presence of isolated physical signs or symptoms should be cause for suspicion. The inmates in these cases used manufactured signs and professed symptoms to extract themselves successfully from a prison environment.
Adult↗
Adolescent suicidal and self-destructive behavior. Results of an intervention study.
This study evaluates an intervention program designed to reduce suicidal, self-destructive behavior among high-risk adolescents aged 13- to 17 years. The intervention combined a program of community education and direct service to youth who had required emergency care for self-inflicted injuries. The intervention program was effective in increasing subjects' compliance with medical regimen. To a lesser degree, the intervention also facilitated early help seeking among adolescents with suicidal thoughts and appeared to diminish slightly the overall occurrence of emergency room admissions for suicidal behaviors. However, the intervention program had no demonstrable effect on the occurrence of repeat suicidal episodes.
Adolescent↗
Management of aged in home care with suicidal thoughts or potential for self harm.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Aged↗
Charcot's oedème bleu des hystériques.
A patient with hysterical, "artificial" or factitious oedema of the hand caused by the application of a tourniquet is reported. A high index of suspicion is needed in diagnosing this condition in which surgery should be avoided. Psychotherapy is the ultimate treatment but a pneumatic compression bag was found to be of use and helped confirm the diagnosis.
Adult↗
Using water mist to reduce self-injurious and stereotypic behavior.
A mist of water sprayed in the face was used as a punisher for stereotypic and self-injurious behaviors by a boy diagnosed as severely mentally retarded with autistic-like behaviors. The boy had a long history of mouthing and hand-biting behaviors. The latter behavior was evinced by noticeable scar tissue on the backs of his hands. The study took place in a self-contained public school classroom for autistic children and other children with severe communication disorders and functional mental retardation. An ABAB withdrawal design with no treatment probes demonstrated the rapid and dramatic suppressive effects that the response-contingent water mist had on the target behaviors. This procedure was taught to classroom personnel who were able to maintain the suppression with minimal interruption of educational programming for the subject or his peers. No adverse physical effects were observed nor did the child attempt to escape or struggle against the procedure. The results are discussed in relation to ethical considerations and the use of response-contingent aversive stimulation.
Autistic Disorder↗
Effects of naloxone on self-injurious behavior: a case study.
A clinical trial of naloxone to treat head banging behavior in a severely mentally retarded 8-year-old boy is reported. A double blind procedure was employed to concurrently contrast effects of two dosages of naloxone with saline solution placebo. No quantitatively measurable change in response rate occurred compared either with baseline or placebo. However a qualitative reduction in intensity of response was noted clinically. Implications for the use of beta-endorphine therapy for self-injurious behavior was discussed.
Child↗
Naloxone attenuates self-abusive behavior in developmentally disabled clients.
The opiate antagonist naloxone was effective in reducing self-abusive behavior in two mentally retarded clients with an extensive history of such behavior. Three doses of naloxone (0.1, 0.2, 0.4 mg) were compared with a vehicle solution in a double-blind, crossover design. Naloxone greatly attenuated self-abusive episodes in one client and eliminated them entirely in the second client. In addition, use of self-restraining behavior by one client was reduced. The findings suggested that some clients with self-injurious behavior may have disturbances of the endogenous opiate system. Maintenance of self-abuse by tonically elevated pain threshold and/or by the putative addictive characteristics of such behavior was discussed.
Adult↗
Effects of facial screening and blindfold on self-injurious behavior.
Previous research has demonstrated that a variety of maladaptive behaviors in children can be suppressed by facial screening. The effectiveness of various screening procedures for reducing self-injurious behaviors were compared in three experiments using alternating treatments designs. In Experiments 1 and 2, an immediate substantial response reduction occurred with facial screening in which visual blocking was present but not when visual blocking was absent. In Experiment 3, both facial screening with visual blocking and a blindfold procedure proved equally effective in reducing self-injury but for practical reasons, therapists preferred to use facial screening.
Adult↗
Behavioral monitoring of pharmacological interventions for self-injury.
Pharmacological interventions are often the treatment of choice for controlling the maladaptive behavior of institutionalized mentally retarded children. However, the efficacy of various psychotropic drugs for controlling the behavior of given individuals has not been well established. Further, it is not always clear that decisions to alter a drug regimen are based on actual changes in the behavior of interest. The present study illustrates the use of behavioral observation to assess the effects of various drugs prescribed for the self-injurious behavior of a profoundly mentally retarded 15 year old male. The clinical effectiveness of various dosages of carbamazepine (Tegretol), thioridazine (Melleril), and chlorpromazine (Largactil) was assessed. Except for Melleril 100 mg, tid, when a marked downward trend in the daily rate was observed, no significant reduction in self-injury occurred. Subsequently overcorrection (forced arm exercise) made contingent on each response reduced self-injury to near zero, but only when the last prescribed drug, Tegretol 200 mg, tid, had been withdrawn for several days.
Adolescent↗
Effects of gross motor activities on the severe self-injurious tantrums of multihandicapped individuals.
The present study assessed the effects of gross motor activities on the self-injurious tantrums of three multihandicapped subjects. The tantrums did not seem related to specific environmental events and were rather infrequent, yet very severe. The study was carried out according to a withdrawal (ABAB) design. During baseline, the subjects executed routine activities that required minimal physical effort. During treatment, they performed gross motor activities that required considerable physical effort. These activities were designed to provide a wide variety of sensory (e.g., tactile, proprioceptive) input, but without tiring the subjects excessively. They were implemented when the subjects were in a quiet state. The results showed that concomitant with treatment, all subjects had a definite decline in the rate of self-injurious tantrums. Two subjects also exhibited a reduction in the duration of the tantrums.
Adolescent↗