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PubMed1970

Absorption and secretion of water and electrolytes by the intact human colon in diffuse untreated proctocolitis.

The net transport and unidirectional fluxes of water, sodium, and potassium were studied in four subjects with diffuse untreated proctocolitis, by perfusing the colon with isotopically-labelled solution instilled through a tube introduced by mouth. The results were compared to those obtained in 13 healthy subjects. In proctocolitis the colonic absorption of sodium and water was impaired and the secretion of potassium increased. The movement of electrolytes across the colonic mucosa into the lumen was increased and the movement in the opposite direction reduced. The close correlation between water and sodium absorption in healthy subjects was maintained in those with proctocolitis. These alterations in the colonic handling of water and electrolytes diminish the reserve capacity of the colon and may explain the diarrhoea of proctocolitis.

Adult↗
PubMed1970

Inflammatory bowel disease in ankylosing spondylitis.

Routine detailed gastroenterological investigations were performed in a series of 47 ankylosing spondylitics. Evidence of chronic inflammatory bowel disease was found in eight patients, a prevalence of 17%. Unsuspected bowel disease was found in the absence of symptoms in three of these patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1974

Effects of sulphasalazine (Salazopyrin) on faecal flora in patients with inflammatory bowel disease.

The faecal flora of 21 patients with proctocolitis and five patients with Crohn's disease of the large bowel was examined both while sulphasalazine was being administered and during control periods. Patients with proctocolitis and Crohn's disease who were not receiving sulphasalazine had a similar flora which did not differ in any way from the normal. The effect of sulphasalazine was to decrease the numbers of opalescent-negative clostridia, enterobacteria, and total non-sporing anaerobes. It is suggested that this antibacterial effect of sulphasalazine, which has not been previously demonstrated, may be related to the beneficial effects of this drug in proctocolitis and should be investigated further.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
PubMed1975

The effect of wheat bran on intestinal transit.

In 18 students and two members of staff at a boys' boarding school, the time taken to pass 20 out of 25 radiopaque pellets varied from one to seven days while the subjects were eating a normal English diet. After the additon of bran, about 20 g daily, to this diet transit time fell from 2-75 plus or minus 1-6 to 2-0 plus or minus 0-9 days (P smaller than 0-025). Transit became faster in all nine subjects who had an initial time of three days or more, and in three of seven with an initial time of two days, but became slower in all four boys with an initial one-day transit. Frequency of defaecation correlated poorly with transit time (a once daily bowel action being found with transit times ranging from one to four days), and did not increase significantly with bran. In 10 additional adults with slow initial transit (three or four days) the effect of bran was compared with that of an equal volume of ground oatflakes in a double-blind crossover trial. Bran caused a significant acceleration of transit, wherease oatmeal had no effect. These studies confirm that bran accelerates slow intestinal transit and show that this is not simply a psychological effect. Bran may also slow down fast transit.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Proctocolitis and Crohn's disease of the colon: a comparison of the clinical course.

This study suggests that proctocolitis is an illness with an acute and potentially dangerous onset but which appears to become less severe after survival for one year, whereas Crohn's colitis tends to be a more chronic and progressive illness over several years with a greater need for surgical treatment and a greater tendency to anal complications.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Pit patterns in rectal mucosa assessed by magnifying colonoscope are predictive of relapse in patients with quiescent ulcerative colitis.

BACKGROUND: Relapse of ulcerative colitis is difficult to predict by routine colonoscopy. A high-resolution video-magnifying colonoscope with chromoscopy enables the observation of colorectal mucosal pit patterns. AIMS: To investigate the association of pit patterns as assessed by magnifying colonoscopy (MCS) with histological inflammation and mucosal chemokine activity in patients with quiescent ulcerative colitis, and to prospectively analyse the prognostic factors that may predict exacerbations. METHODS: MCS was performed in 113 patients with ulcerative colitis in remission. Pit patterns in the rectal mucosa were classified into four MCS grades on the basis of size, shape and arrangement. Mucosal interleukin (IL) 8 activity was measured in biopsy specimens of rectal mucosa and the specimens were assessed for histological disease activity. The patients were then followed until relapse or for a maximum of 12 months. Multivariate survival analysis was carried out to determine the independent predictors of clinical relapse. RESULTS: A positive correlation was identified between MCS grade, histological grade (p = 0.001) and mucosal IL8 activity (p<0.001). Multivariate proportional hazard model analysis showed that MCS grade was a significant predictor of relapse (relative risk 2.06, p = 0.001). Kaplan-Meier estimate of relapse during 12 months of follow-up was found to increase with increasing MCS grade, with values of 0% for grade 1, 21% for grade 2, 43% for grade 3 and 60% for grade 4. CONCLUSION: MCS grading is associated with the degree of histological inflammation and mucosal IL8 activity in patients with quiescent ulcerative colitis, and may predict the probability of subsequent disease relapse in patients with ulcerative colitis in remission.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Sigmoidoscopic and microscopic appearance of the rectal mucosa in homosexual men.

The aims of the study were to determine what microscopic changes occur in the rectal mucosa of men who have had anal intercourse and to correlate the sigmoidoscopic and microscopic appearances. Histological abnormalities were found in 29 of 100 men who attended consecutively a sexually-transmitted diseases clinic. The histopathology of rectal gonorrhoea, as observed in 18 patients, is described as are the microscopic findings in the rectal mucosa of 10 patients with early syphilis. Of 70 men without any detectable rectal infection, biopsies from 15 (21.4%) were abnormal. Intestinal spirochaetosis was observed in biopsies from 36 of these 100 men. With the use of strict criteria to describe the macroscopic appearance of the rectal mucosa, the sigmoidoscopic findings correlated well with the histology.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

'Conversion' from ulcerative colitis to Crohn's disease associated with corticosteroid treatment.

A man who was a non-smoker presented with clinical, histological, and radiological features typical of distal ulcerative colitis. Prolonged treatment with corticosteroids was associated with the development of numerous granulomata, stricturing, and perianal disease. It is speculated that the immunosuppression associated with the corticosteroid treatment may have induced a change from ulcerative colitis to Crohn's disease of the colon. This case report lends support to the hypothesis that these conditions may just represent different forms of a continuum of inflammatory bowel disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Histology of rectal gonorrhoea in men, with a note on anorectal infection with Neisseria meningitidis.

The histology of the rectal mucosa in 57 men with culturally-proven rectal gonorrhoea is described and the results compared with the findings in biopsies from 57 non-infected men. An acute inflammatory cell infiltration of the rectal mucosa was found in three (5.3%) and two (3.5%) infected and non-infected men respectively. Twenty-one (36.8%) men with rectal gonorrhoea and nine (15.8%) non-infected men had an increased number of chronic inflammatory cells in the lamina propria.

Acute Disease↗