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PubMed1995

Growth inhibition by ammonia and use of a pH-controlled feeding strategy for the effective cultivation of Mycobacterium chlorophenolicum.

The inhibitory effect of ammonia on the growth of the polychlorinated xenobiotic-degrading bacterium Mycobacterium chlorophenolicum was examined. The strain is inhibited by both the ionized and nonionized forms of ammonia, At pH 6.9, 50% reduction of the growth rate was observed at 6.8 g/l total ammonium. For 23 experiments performed in shake-flask culture at different pH values, and ammonium concentrations a growth model based on the extended Monod kinetic fits the data with a deviation of 5.3%. To overcome growth inhibition in bioreactors, a pH- controlled feeding strategy was developed for effective cultivation of M. chlorophenolicum at an ammonium level below 0.3 g/l. The ammonium addition was controlled online by the stoichiometric interdependence of ammonium consumption and pH decline. With this online control strategy, a biomass concentration as high as 26.2 g/l can be achieved within less than a week of cultivation. The yield is also increased from 0.32 g to 0.43 g biomass (per gram glucose). The strategy developed provides an effective method for the production of biomass o M. chlorophenolicum serving as the inoculum in remediation technologies.

Automation↗
PubMed1987

[Toxic environmental factors in sudden infant death (SIDS)].

The increasing number of discussions on the influence of toxic environmental factors, including SIDS, prompted systematic postmortem chemical-toxicological investigations to be carried out on 54 SIDS cases and 2 control cases of the same age group. Tissue levels of arsenic, lead, cadmium, mercury, and pentachlorphenol, as well as other organic noxious agents, were measured in several organs. In addition, the COHb concentrations were determined. In spite of the widely scattered values, the extreme levels measured and the arithmetic means and median averages of As, Pb, Cd, Hg, PCP, and COHb had no more range in concentrations than can be expected for toxic effects - according to present knowledge anyway. It was observed that infants from an urban environment showed no greater concentration of noxious agents than did infants from rural regions. There were also no differences between SIDS cases and the controls, nor was there a correlation between infections of the respiratory system that are often morphologically detected - including laryngitis - and higher concentrations of these agents in the organs of SIDS cases.

Air Pollutants↗
PubMed1984

Non-mutagenicity of some wood-related compounds in the bacterial/microsome plate incorporation and microsuspension assays.

Seven commercially available wood-related compounds have been tested for mutagenicity by the use of the Ames and fluctuation test-systems. All compounds were found to be non-mutagenic. Among these compounds, 2,6-dimethoxy-p-benzoquinone showed a very weak and questionable mutagenic activity against Salmonella typhimurium TA 100. In this connection, probable causes of nasal adenocarcinoma of woodworkers are briefly discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

[Hexachlorbenzene (HCB) induced porphyria in rats. Influence of HCB-metabolites on the biosynthesis of heme (author's transl)].

Female adult Wistar rats were fed with a diet containing 0.05% hexachlorobenzene (HCB) or its metabolites, pentachlorobenzene (PCB) and pentachlorphenole (PCP). These chlorinated aromatic hydrocarbons produced an increase in the liver cytochrome P-450 content in about the same degree, however, only the application of HCB showed an extremely high rise in the P-450 enzymatic activity expressed in terms of the O-dealkylation of 7-Ethoxycoumarine. No alteration was observed in the urinary porphyrin excretion in the PCB and PCP treated animals, whereas 60 days after the beginning of the HCB application a high level of porphyrins could be detected in the urine of the animals. It seems unlikely therefore that the HCB metabolites (PCB and PCP) are porphyrogenic agents. In addition, although induction of the liver cytochrome P-450 system was observed after PCP pretreatment of the rats over a period of 40 days, the consequent application of HCB did not influence the establishment of the experimental porphyria.

Animals↗