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PubMed1997

Psychotherapy for female sexual dysfunction: a review.

The increasing recognition of the significant incidence of female sexual dysfunction as well as the increasing acceptance of sex therapy as the preferred option for addressing problems in sexual functioning give rise to questions as to effectiveness of psychotherapy for female sexual dysfunction. This article presents a review of empirical studies of the treatment of female sexual dysfunction that meet minimal methodological criteria. Because of the variety and seriousness of methodological problems in the studies reviewed, guidelines for sample selection and description, research design, assessment and classification, and data analysis are provided. In addition, the 21 studies reviewed are examined for information they give about the treatment of female sexual dysfunction.

Female↗
PubMed2002

Patient-reported sexual function after nerve-sparing radical retropubic prostatectomy.

OBJECTIVE: Improved selection criteria have lead to an increasing number of nerve-sparing radical retropubic prostatectomies (RRP) in patients with clinically localised prostate cancer (PCA). Patient questionnaire based outcome analysis on post-operative erectile function after uni- or bilateral nerve-sparing RRP is described. METHODS: Between January 1992 and March 1999, 366 patients (mean age 62.5 years) underwent uni- or bilateral nerve-sparing RRP at our institution. Indication for nerve-sparing procedure was based on the results of a multivariate classification and regression tree analysis (CART). For evaluation of post-operative patient-reported rates of sexual and erectile function non-validated and validated questionnaires (IIEF 5) were administered after a follow-up of 12 months. Data of five operation periods were analysed. RESULTS: The unilateral procedure resulted in rates of 13-29% of erections sufficient for unassisted intercourse. Some degree of tumescence was reported by 37-73% of the remaining patients. Bilateral nerve-sparing procedures were almost exclusively performed in periods 3-5, only four patients of period 2 received the bilateral procedure. Here, rates of erections sufficient for intercourse were 25% (period 2), 61% (period 3), 50% (period 4), and 52% (period 5), respectively. Patients with grades 4 and 5 erections had IIEF scores of 19.2 and 20.2 and patients without rigidity or tumescence had scores of 5.7 and 7.0 after uni- and bilateral nerve-sparing procedure, respectively. Patients <60 years of age had better erections than those > or =60 (unilateral: 19% versus 13%, bilateral 45% versus 38%). CONCLUSION: Compared to a unilateral nerve-sparing procedure, the bilateral nerve-sparing technique revealed much better results inasmuch as about 50% of the patients reported recovery of erections sufficient for sexual intercourse without use of sexual aids.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

"Venus gets in my thinking": drinking and female sexuality in the age of AIDS.

Despite the strength of the cultural belief in the power of alcohol to disinhibit sexual impulses, the relationship of drinking and sex has only recently become the subject of empirical research. In light of the AIDS epidemic, any such relationship takes on increased importance. This paper reviews the literature on the effects of alcohol on sexual behavior in women, including discussion of both sexual activity per se and unsafe sexual behavior in particular. Although little is known about the relationship of drinking to sexual risk-taking in women, data from these lines of research provide a starting point for investigations on the ways in which drinking and sex may be associated.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed2005

Sexual dysfunction in patients with allergic rhinoconjunctivitis.

BACKGROUND: Sexual dysfunction in chronic diseases has recently attracted attention owing to its impact on quality of life (QoL). Allergic rhinoconjunctivitis (ARC) affects QoL, causing limitations in many areas. However, there has not been research on changes in sexual function in patients with ARC. OBJECTIVE: To report the effect of ARC and its treatment on sexual function in men and women. METHODS: Forty-three sexually active patients with seasonal ARC aged 22 to 49 years were included in the study. The control group was composed of 40 healthy individuals aged 22 to 46 years. Conjunctival symptom scores (CSSs) and nasal symptom scores (NSSs) of patients with symptomatic ARC were determined, as were sexual function scores (SFSs) using the Female Sexual Function Index and the International Index of Erectile Function during allergen exposure in the pollination period and after treatment with oral desloratadine, 5 mg/d, for 30 days. The SFSs were evaluated in the control group. RESULTS: The CSSs and NSSs significantly improved in treated ARC (P < .001). In women, Female Sexual Function Index results in symptomatic ARC were significantly lower than in treated ARC and controls (P = .003). In men, International Index of Erectile Function results in treated ARC (P = .001) and controls (P < .001) were significantly higher than in symptomatic ARC. Furthermore, correlation between improvement in CSSs and NSSs and that of SFSs was determined (P = .007 for women; P = .001 for men). CONCLUSION: Improvement in sexual function as a variable of QoL may accompany the treatment of symptoms in patients with ARC.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The meaning of sexual satisfaction in pregnant Taiwanese women.

The aim of this qualitative study was to explore Taiwanese women's experience of sexual satisfaction during pregnancy. Twelve participants were recruited through purposive sampling of outpatients registered in the antepartum clinic of a medical center in northern Taiwan. Data collection consisted of semi-structured interviews and tape recordings. A modified phenomenologic methodology and narrative analysis of transcripts yielded four essential themes related to the personal meaning of sexually satisfying experiences in pregnancy: 1) improvement of self-identity, 2) empowerment through sexual relations, 3) strengthening the marital bond, and 4) reinforcement of the value of sexuality. This woman-centered view of the significance of sexually satisfying experiences in pregnancy can help health care professionals understand and educate their clients about women's sexuality during pregnancy.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Gender differences in sexual interest.

A common gender stereotype is that males are more interested than females in sex for purely physical reasons. Sociobiologists claim that this difference is biologically determined. In contrast, many sociologists and anthropologists claim that the difference is cultural. The debate about nature versus nurture regarding sexual interest has been long-standing without resolution. We propose a biosocial model that integrates data about nature and nurture to show (i) how several biological factors tilt males and females in different directions related to sexual interest, and (ii) how numerous social factors influence the way the biological tilts can be redirected in countless different ways as individuals grow up in subsets of their culture and subculture. This interactionist approach does not down-play the importance of either biological or social factors: It avoids nature-nurture debates that pit nature against nurture by showing how biological and social factors act in concert, combining their influences. The resulting work contributes to both the theoretical and practical literature, not only showing how sexology can deal with issues of nature and nurture but also providing information useful to people who are troubled about common gender differences in sexual interest.

Culture↗
PubMed1997

Classical conditioning of female sexual arousal.

The classical conditioning of subjective and physiological aspects of female sexual arousal was examined. Experimental subjects were run in a delayed conditioning design, where an amber light was paired with excerpts from erotic videos. Control subjects received presentations of the same amber light and videos, but these presentations did not overlap with one another. Dependent variables included subjective ratings of arousal to the light and the videos as well as change in vaginal pulse amplitude assessed during exposure to the different stimuli. Experimental subjects evidenced increased arousal to the light over conditioning trials, as assessed by subjective ratings of sexual arousal. This finding is suggestive of a learned effect. However, results failed to indicate significant differences between experimental control groups. Therefore, the increased arousal to the light evidenced by experimental subjects may not be due to classical conditioning. Suggestions regarding these findings, clinical implications, and future research are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Sexual responsiveness in women with spinal cord injuries: differential effects of anxiety-eliciting stimulation.

Sexual dysfunction is a common problem in women after spinal cord injuries (SCIs). Recently, the use of anxiety-provoking stimulation has been explored as a means of improving sexual responses in able-bodied sexually functional and dysfunctional women. In this laboratory-based study, we assessed the sexual and autonomic responses of women with SCIs with varying degrees of preservation of sympathetic innervation to their genitals to respond to anxiety-provoking audiovisual (AV) stimulation. Subjects were 45 women with SCIs and 11 able-bodied women. For purposes of analysis, SCI subjects were grouped on the basis of the degree of preservation of sensation in the T11-L2 dermatomes. Results revealed that women with low sensory scores in these dermatomes achieved higher vaginal pulse amplitude (VPA) responses to audiovisual erotic stimulation after anxiety preexposure than after neutral preexposure; however, women with SCIs and the greatest degree of preservation of sensory function in the T11-L2 dermatomes, as well as able-bodied controls, did not. Moreover, these same 2 groups of subjects had a decrease in VPA responses during baseline periods in which an anxiety-provoking video sequence was shown, but not during the neutral sequence. It is concluded that these findings are due to the proximity of sensory and autonomic neurologic elements in the spinal cord. Moreover, they demonstrate the differential effects of sympathetic stimulation on genital sexual arousal.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

[Assessment and sex counseling in libido disorders].

Individual problems, difficulties in the partnership, handicaps of the body and the influence of society contribute to sexual problems. In this article a definition of hypoactive sexual desire disorders (HSDD) is given. Then the author tries to show the many different reasons of disturbed sexual desire to help to see the problem from different points of view. Often it is very important for the patients to understand why they are unable to feel sexual wishes. In clarifying the personal reasons change begins and the couple can find out which next steps may be useful to solve the problem of not wanting to want.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1996

Differential effects of sympathetic activation on sexual arousal in sexually dysfunctional and functional women.

The effects of sympathetic nervous system (SNS) activation, induced via acute exercise, on sexual arousal in women was studied. In 2 experimental sessions, 36 women viewed a neutral film followed by an erotic film. In 1 session, the women were exposed to 20 min of intense exercise before viewing the films. Twelve women were sexually functional, 12 experienced significant impairments in sexual desire, and 12 experienced primary or secondary anorgasmia. Acute exercise significantly increased vaginal pulse amplitude (VPA) and vaginal blood volume (VBV) responses to an erotic film among sexually functional women and those with low sexual desire. Among anorgasmic women, exercise significantly decreased VPA but had no effect on VBV responses to an erotic film. Acute exercise had no significant effect on the women's perceptions of sexual arousal. Results suggest that increased SNS arousal may affect physiological sexual responding in women.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

The enhancing effects of anxiety on arousal in sexually dysfunctional and functional women.

Effects of anxiety on sexual arousal were examined to determine if sexually dysfunctional and functional women exhibit different patterns of physiological and subjective response. Subjects viewed 2 videotape conditions: an anxiety-evoking and neutral-control preexposure stimulus, each paired with a sexual arousal-evoking stimulus. Anxiety preexposure enhanced the rate and magnitude of genital arousal for both dysfunctional and functional subjects in relation to the neutral condition. Despite increased genital responses, both groups reported less subjective sexual arousal after anxiety preexposure. Functional subjects exhibited greater physiological but not subjective arousal than dysfunctional subjects in both conditions. Results are discussed in terms of desynchronous patterns of sexual response, mechanisms by which sympathetic activation enhances sexual arousal, and implications for treatment of sexual dysfunction in women.

Adult↗