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PubMed2006

Use of the 810 nm diode laser: soft tissue management and orthodontic applications of innovative technology.

Innovative technologies such as the diode laser have provided considerable benefit to dental patients and professionals. Facilitating efficient cutting of tissue and subsequent coagulation, the soft tissue laser enhances tissue healing and can reduce postsurgical complications. Due to the conservative nature of treatment accomplished with the laser this technology is very useful in orthodontic procedures. The diode laser is utilized in both esthetic enhancement of the smile, and treatment management of soft tissue issues that impede efficient orthodontic treatment. Its clinical application will be illustrated in a series of orthodontic cases.

Esthetics, Dental↗
PubMed1993

Effects of air-powder polishing on the bond strength of orthodontic bracket adhesive systems.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this in vitro investigation was to evaluate the effects of air-powder polishing on the shear bond strength of two adhesive systems used for direct orthodontic bracket bonding. METHODS: Ninety-six third molar teeth were randomly assigned to be bonded with metal brackets using either a no-mix (System 1+) or a two-paste (Concise) orthodontic adhesive resin. Twelve samples in each test group were air-powder polished for either 0, 15, 30, or 60 seconds. The shear bond strength was determined for each bracket using the Instron. Scanning electron microscopy determined bond fracture patterns of tested samples. RESULTS: Mean shear bond strength values from baseline to 60 seconds varied from 22.9+/-1.9 megapascal units (MPa) to 18.2+/-4.1 MPa for Concise and from 15.5+/-2.1 MPa to 14.6+/-1.9 MPa for System 1+. A two-factor analysis of variance showed air-powder polishing significantly affected the mean shear bond strength of one adhesive. Results showed a significant decrease (p < or = .05) in the mean shear bond strength of the Concise adhesive at 60 seconds of air-powder polishing when compared to the 0-, 15-, and 30-second treatments. No significant within group time effect of air-powder polishing was found for System 1+. Differences in the fracture pattern of the Concise 60-second air-powder polishing group may account for the decrease in mean bond strength seen after treatment. CONCLUSION: Although in vitro results showed decreased bond strength for Concise, these values were well above the minimum values needed for successful bonding. Therefore, use of air-powder polishing on orthodontic bracket adhesive systems does not appear to be contraindicated.

Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate↗
PubMed1991

Orthodontic treatment for the adult periodontal patient.

The purpose of this article is to outline a method of orthodontic treatment for adult patients, particularly those with periodontal disease. The rationale for recommending orthodontics to these patients is discussed, with an emphasis on periodontal and occlusal management during treatment. Methods of using orthodontics to improve the periodontal status of adult patients are also demonstrated. Finally, there is a brief discussion on retention, and age considerations, as well as the obligations of both dentists and patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Diagnosis and treatment planning in orthodontics.

Orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning topics have become predictable in that reports seem to be reactive to societal dilemmas rather than addressing fundamental questions of our science. Issues and reports abound on temporomandibular disorders and their relationship to orthodontics. Investigations of airway function and other topics have tended to compound misunderstandings rather than eliminate them. Furthermore, new technologies heralded as having great promise may eventually fall to the side as mere gimmickry. Well-controlled prospective studies are needed to address many fundamental issues underlying orthodontic treatment. The progress and results from these works will take time to bear fruit.

Cephalometry↗
PubMed1991

Growth and development in orthodontics.

Growth and development comprise the infrastructure of clinical diagnosis and treatment planning in orthodontics. The two current key issues have been growth prediction and growth stimulation induced by functional appliances. The stability of results in orthodontics and in the combined orthognathic-orthodontic treatment modality are likewise linked to growth and development. Changes in the untreated dentition after the permanent teeth are present in the mouth provide another important frame of reference for the clinician. The hazards of cephalometric analysis when relying on intracranial reference lines has recently captured a wave of attention, and if comprehended, should revitalize cephalometrics in clinical practice and in research.

Activator Appliances↗
PubMed1991

[Orthodontic consequences of mouth-breathing].

Mouth breathing habits are frequently associated with orthodontic problems. In the nasal area, the lack of ventilation leads to an underdevelopment of the maxilla: lateral and sometimes anterior cross bites appear. In the buccal area, the want of maintaining the mouth opened induces a new postural position of the mandible which alters the pattern of growth of the mandible ("long face"). The functional context of the buccal praxis is also altered: low or protruded tongue, deviant swallowing, troubles of speech.... The treatment of this pathological context needs a pluridisciplinary approach where the otorhinolaryngologist, the dentist, the orthodontist and the speech pathologist have to play an important role. In the orthodontic fields, we have to carry out an orthopedic treatment (rapid maxillary expansion, facial masks,...) to normalize the growth of the maxilla before the orthodontic treatment.

Child↗
PubMed1991

The lactic acid and citric acid content in the gingival fluid of orthodontic patients.

Alveolar bone turnover has two phases: bone resorption and formation. Bone resorption entails both mineral removal and collagenolysis. A pH decrease over the local bone surface is required for mineral removal. Both lactic acid and citric acid has been suggested as the acids which remove crystals. During the orthodontic movement of teeth, a process of overall bone resorption occurs during displacement, whereas at the retention stage this process needs to be stopped in order to stabilize the alveolar bone. Thus, lactic acid and citric acid may be valid parameters of bone resorption intensity. The purpose of this investigation is firstly to test if these acids can be detected in gingival fluid around the moving teeth, and secondly to find if any changes occur before, during and after orthodontic tooth movement. The results indicate that these acids can be good parameters which show how favorably tooth movement is proceeding. They also show how stable the teeth are when orthodontic force is stopped to apply.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Lingual orthodontic appliances: invisible braces.

Lingual orthodontics is a relatively new method of delivering orthodontic treatment. These appliances may be used on any patient, but they have a special application for that small group of adult patients who need orthodontic treatment but refuse to accept the appearance of conventional appliances. The technique is difficult to manage and should be used only by experienced orthodontists. Although the patients may experience difficulties, these are usually adequately compensated for by the improved aesthetics.

Equipment Design↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Clinical experience in surgical-orthodontic treatment of patients with anterior skeletal open-bite].

After a short clinical classification of the various open-bite types, the Authors describe from the clinical and cephalometric point of view the main structural alterations responsible for the skeletal open-bite. Then they consider the orthodontic problems in the orthodontic surgical treatment of the skeletal open-bite. Finally they describe the combined orthodontic surgical treatment in two anterior skeletal open-bite clinical cases.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Orthodontic considerations to reduce postsurgical relapse.

Despite the advances in diagnostic and orthognathic surgical techniques, a certain amount of dental or skeletal relapse occurs in orthodontically and surgically treated cases. The interaction of orthodontic therapy with the anticipated surgical procedure must be carefully analyzed and all aspects of the dento-skeletal malocclusion considered if facial balance, good perioral function, and stability are to be achieved. The role of different elements as they relate to the orthodontic stability, such as dental (eg, leveling and extraction patterns), periodontal (eg, gingival graft), skeletal (eg, maxillary expansion and alveolar distortion), and muscular (eg, tongue size and posture) factors, as well as the roles of growth and the airway are discussed and illustrated.

Humans↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Corticotomy--facilitated orthodontics].

Incorporating a surgical procedure with orthodontics makes it possible to complete treatment in a shorter period of time due to the ability to more rapidly move teeth. Corticotomy-facilitated orthodontics is a method of treatment that has the potential to greatly decrease the time involved and increase the quality of orthodontic services to the adult patient. The corticotomy procedure is a surgical technique in which a fissure is made through the cortical plate of bone that surrounds a tooth. The tooth is in a block of bone that is connected to other teeth and structures only through the medullary bone. This procedure claims that the teeth are more stable after this type of treatment may be due to less disruption of the periodontal ligament by osteoclastic activity and/or that the callus formed as bone heals leads to greater stability.

Alveolar Process↗
PubMed1990

[Root resorption of vital and endodontically treated teeth in orthodontic movement].

Orthodontic tooth movement frequently induces the resorption of the tooth root, although valuable information concerning the relationship between the root resorption and force magnitude, duration and types of tooth movement and the condition of periodontium obtained. However, it is incompletely known that the situation of candidated tooth itself of orthodontic movement in which pulpectomized non-vital condition influence the process of root resorption and subsequent repairing. Thus, the study was conducted to clarify the effect by the pulpectomy accompanied with tooth movement on the process of root resorption and regeneration of periodontium. A hundred and fifty Wistar rats, weight 180-200 g, 6 weeks old, were used as experimental animals. Prior to experimental tooth movement, first molars of 50 rats were received pulpectomy on both sides followed by filling of root canal (first group) and those of another 50 rats on single side (second group). Maxillary first molars of the other 50 rats were saved as a vital dental pulp control (third group). The first and the third groups of animals were then subjected to experimental tooth movement with the interproximal insertion of elastic rubber as described by Waldo (1953) for 3 days, 1, 2, 3 and 4 weeks. After tooth movement was terminated, animals were sacrificed by ether inhalation or by perfusion of glutaraldehyde fixation solution. The upper jaw from each rat was dissected and prepared specimens for non-decalcified section and light microscopic section. Root resorption and regeneration of cementum were evaluated quantitatively using the modular system for semiautomatic quantitative evaluation of images on the light microscopic section. Occurrence of external root resorption with multinucleated odontoclast associated with experimental tooth movement in pulpectomized tooth were lesser and later than those of vital teeth. These findings suggest that the dental pulp plays an important role in the processes of root resorption and remodeling of cementum associated with orthodontic tooth movement.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[An experimental study of the orthodontic force effect on internal remodeling of mandibular bone].

The role of mechanical stress in determining bone structure by influencing its cellular processes during remodeling has been discussed. But previous studies have not provided an adequate background of knowledge to explain the effect of orthodontic force in internal remodeling of the bones. This study was performed to determine the relationship between stress distribution induced by orthodontic force and alteration of internal remodeling in mandibular bone. Seven young adult mongrel dogs of unknown age were used as experimental animals. The bilateral lower 4th premolars were extracted. After 106 days, the 3rd premolars on the right side were moved distally by coil springs for 106 days. Twice pulse labels of tetracycline and calcein were performed to obtain histomorphometric parameters of cortical bones prior and posterior to tooth movement. With the use of microscopic plotting tool and minicomputer, the direction of haversian systems was reconstructed three-dimensionally. To make a comparison with the alteration of histomorphometric parameters and direction of Haversian systems, the principal stress distribution of mandibular bone caused by orthodontic force was obtained by means of 3-D finite element method analysis. Experimental results indicate as follows. 1. The osteoid seams number per unit area (OsAf) and the labeled surface per unit area (TcAf) increased significantly at both alveolar and basal bone region compared with control side. 2. The resorption cavities number per unit area, (Ar) increased significantly at alveolar bone region. But no significant changes were noted at basal bone region. 3. No significant differentiations were noted in mineral appositional rate (Mo) between any bone regions nor label timings. 4. There is large variance between the direction of Haversian systems and the maximal principal stress vector. But a significant alteration of the direction of Haversian systems was found in highly stressed and younger bone areas. From these findings, it can be speculated that, as a primary reaction of bone against stress, the optimum microscopic structural change took place in areas of bone which bore tension or pressure due to excess stress, at the same time the internal remodeling of bone was accelerated by increase of activation frequency (mu), accompanied with no increase of remodeling periods (sigma).

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[Investigation of the facial symmetry of cases with cross bites needing surgical orthodontic treatment using postero-anterior roentgenographic cephalometrics].

Of the patients who visited the Dental Hospital (Orthodontic Treatment Section), Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, and received surgical orthodontic treatment for mandibular protrusions (true Class III), 30 (12 with cross bite and 18 without) were selected as study subjects. Postero-anterior roentgenographic cephalometrics were taken of these subjects and, based on these cephalograms, facial symmetry was investigated using an analytical method devised by this study. The results can be summarized as follows. 1. The analytical method is beneficial because it provides a standard for analyzing facial symmetry and it helps to determine if a given part of the face is symmetrically disposed. 2. In this study, the facial symmetry of the cases with cross bites tends to become worse in lower part of the face. This tendency is especially apparent below the plane (JL-JR plane) connecting the intersection where the contour lines of right and left maxillary tuberosities meet the zygomatic alveolar crests. 3. I concluded that surgical orthodontic treatment should be different for cases with cross bites than for those without. For cases without cross bites surgical treatment can be properly planned depending mainly on paper surgery using lateral roentgenographic cephalometrics. For cases with cross bite, however, paper surgery should first be done separately for right and left mandibles using lateral roentgenographic cephalometrics, and paper surgery based on postero-anterior roentgenographic cephalometrics should follow. Finally, combining the results from those three types of paper surgery, overall paper surgery should be done to finish a proper and comprehensive surgical plane.

Cephalometry↗
PubMed1990

[Clinical investigation of orthodontic treatment of palatally impacted canines, using ballista spring appliance].

Impacted maxillary caries are often treated in the orthodontic practice. However palatally impacted maxillary canines occur in a small. They require active orthodontic traction in those cases in which surgical exposure alone will not be enough to erupt. The purpose of this article is to describe useful orthodontic treatment for the palatally impacted caries by using the ballista spring appliance. Case 1: A girl 12 years 5 months of age had Angle Class 1 malocclusion with anterior cross bite and crowding teeth. Case 2: A woman 28 years 2 month of age had Angle Class 1 malocclusion with crowding teeth. The results were as follows: 1. After the impacted canines retracted and guided into the dental arch in correct position, the condition of the canines and tissues around have been stabilized. 2. The ballista spring appliance was effective in pulling the palatally impacted maxillary canines forward vertical direction.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Orthodontic treatment of malocclusion with periodontitis].

Adults with untreated malocclusions suffer from more periodontal disease than if their malocclusion had been corrected orthodontically. What orthodontists can offer in the management of patients with periodontal disease, how they can help the periodontists and the patients, and how the periodontists can help the orthodontist make treatment safe and purposefully are widely discussed. The purpose of this study is, therefore, to discuss how orthodontic patients with severe periodontitis could be treated and what we should do for these patients during the treatment as well as at their initial visit. One case is presented as an example of treatment for malocclusion with sever periodontitis: The patient was a 23 years 8 months female with a chief complaint of protrusion of upper incisors. Since clinical examination revealed severe periodontitis, periodontal treatment was undertaken for one year prior to orthodontic treatment. From these observations, we are conviced of the importance again of the global approach and the team treatment method in treating malocclusions with periodontitis.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Supervised program of motivation and instruction in oral hygiene and physical therapy for children with orthodontic appliances].

The purpose of this paper was to evaluate the effectiveness of a supervision program for motivation and instruction of hygiene buccal in respect of the control of plaque and marginal gingivitis in children with seven to twelve years old, undergoing removable or fixed orthodontic appliance therapy. These patients were divided into two groups. The experimental group was of thirty-eight children who were individually instructed for the hygiene method. They were analysed and instructed periodically. The twenty-five children of the control group were instructed for a correct brushing; however no attempt was done to change their habits. They also have been periodically evaluated. The evaluation of de buccal health conditions was measured in a period of eight months by means of plaque and marginal pappilar gingivitis index. Is was verified a reduction in the plaque and gingivitis index, in the experimental group of 100% and 88.6%, respectively. The control group has showed a reduction of 74.6% and 78.9%, respectively. The control of plaque and gingivitis was more efficient in the patients who were periodically instructed and motivated, with a difference statistically significant, from the third week. These data helped to demonstrate that the plaque and the periodontal disease can be suitably controlled by the patient even with the use of orthodontic appliances. The instructed and supervisioned brushing technic is more efficient than the habitual brushing in the control of plaque and gingivitis in patients with orthodontic appliance.

Child↗
PubMed1990

[Retrospective evaluation and experimental radiographic study on bone reaction concomitant with orthodontic tooth movement].

Concomitant with orthodontic tooth movement a radiographically dense zone of high mineralisation can be observed on the periodontal tension side. This zone consists of the alveolar cortical bone and mineralized osteoid. This bone reaction has not evoked much interest in orthodontic literature in the past. In a retrospective study, orthopantomograms of children in orthodontic treatment were evaluated, and the discussed reaction was studied in relation with different treatment parameters. Opaque bone layers were found in cases in whom the orthopantomogram was made within 6 months after initiating tooth movement. When using elastics for tooth movement the bone reaction under discussion was comparatively rare. There is no proneness to root resorption in teeth showing the described adjacent bone reaction. Bone reaction was also studied with a densitometric radiological procedure. In all 9 cases the bone reaction was observed.

Adolescent↗