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PubMed1998

Law and mental health--on the role of lawmaking in the process of developing psychiatric care.

Mental health (as well as somatic health) depends on individual biological, psychological and social factors as well as more general societal factors. If one wishes to promote health, it is necessary to work in many different fields hopefully in a synergistic way. As a psychiatrist and clinician one is inclined to believe that developments in psychiatric science and practice are the most important activities to improve the mental health situation in a population. But, at the same time it is apparent that societal processes of social, political and economic nature also play a decisive role. One of the most important factors in the development of society is lawmaking by which its nature is setting the norms in a society and which is also usually combined with some kind of sanction system to support the norms. Lawmakers also have the possibility to interfere in the process of developing knowledge and practice in different fields, for example through supporting treatment and research of a special kind or even to forbid special kinds of treatment and research in certain areas. Lawmakers are also inclined to believe that if there is a law this will be enough to answer these challenges. I think it is extremely important that lawmaking in the field of mental health is in broad agreement with the development in the scientific and practical field of psychiatry and other mental health disciplines. This is the subject of this paper.

Civil Rights↗
PubMed1986

The dual track. Contribution toward a neurobehavioral model of cerebral processing.

The dual-track theorem is offered as a paradigm for mental and neurobehavioral processes by inferring a subjective as well as objective dualism of perspectives. This model is necessary in order to more easily account for paradoxes, ambiguities, conflicts, discrepancies, and inconsistencies that are left over from the unitary hypotheses, the latter of which lead to dogma and to demonism in their quest for the absoluteness of certainty.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Attributes of nurses that determine the quality of care for mentally handicapped people in an institution.

This is an ethnographic study that examines, from the relatives' perspective, the attributes of nurses that are considered important in the caring process of mentally handicapped people in an institutional setting in Hong Kong. Twelve interviews were carried out with a family member who had a relative living in a special unit for severely mentally handicapped people. Empirical studies, mainly from the west, have shown that decisions to place a mentally handicapped family member in residential care is a complex process. Family characteristics, the relatives' characteristics as well as the availability of support, have been found to influence decisions about out-of-home placement. Once this decision has been made, a new caring relationship between nurse, family and relative needs to be established. The final categories that emerged from the data show that families have expectations about the nurses' competence and commitment to the job and about their relationships with the client and the family. Consequently quality is judged, not only by the way in which nurses work with the clients, but also by the way in which they work with the family. Implications for practice and education of nurses working with mentally handicapped people and for nursing administration in Hong Kong are discussed.

Anthropology, Cultural↗
PubMed1996

Psychological distress among older adolescents and young adults in Australia.

Youth mental health has been specially targeted in the National Health Goals and Targets process for mental health. The incidence of suicide among Australia's youth is one of the highest in the world. Yet there is little information on the mental health of young people in Australia. The most recent national data come from the longitudinal Australian Youth Survey conducted by the Department of Education, Employment and Training. IN the 1994 wave of the survey, 8350 adolescents and young adults aged between 16 and 24 were surveyed. Psychological distress was measured by the 12-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ). High levels of psychological distress were evident, with girls being more distressed than boys at all ages. Forty-one per cent of girls were classified by the GHQ as mild or moderate cases, compared with 26 per cent of boys. Levels of distress peaked at age 17 for both boys and girls and tended to decrease with age for girls, but to be relatively stable over time for boys.

Adolescent↗