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At least 1,639 records · Page 91Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

[Ctenocephalides canis and Ctenocephalides felis infestations of dogs and cats. Biology of the agent, epizootiology, pathogenesis, clinical signs, diagnosis and control].

A review is presented of the biology, epizootiology, pathogenesis, clinical features, diagnosis and treatment of canine and feline Ctenocephalides canis and C. felis infestation. Also data are given on the prevalence of fleas in dogs and cats during a year at the 1st Animal Medical Hospital, Munich Veterinary Faculty. 5.5% of the dogs and 18.9% of the cats were infested with fleas.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[Borreliosis and pregnancy. (Review of the literature apropos of 1 case)].

It exists, essentially, in two, epidemiological forms: recurrent fever (FR) carried by fleas, resulting in wide scale epidemics; recurrent fever carried by ticks (soft ticks) of the ornithodorus type which results in localized, endemo-sporadic manifestations throughout the world. The second type is the main one in these regions, but the first is not uncommon. The report covers a peculiar case of flea-borne borreliosis occurring in a pregnant woman and associated with the presence of HBS antigen and plasmodium falciparum malaria. Although the review of literature is not exhaustive, the affliction, notably its obstetric implications, are highlighted.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[The black death in Norway].

The old Icelandic annals tell that the Black Death came to Bergen, Norway, in 1349 with a ship from England. This was probably at the beginning of September. From Bergen the plague spread rapidly northwards and southwards along the coast and over land to Eastern Norway. The Black Death remained in Norway for approximately six months. The epidemic must have been started by infected black rats and rat fleas in the grain cargo of the ship. The account in the annals, and experiences from other countries, indicate that pneumonic plague was dominant in Bergen at the start of the epidemic. After that the Black Death must have spread partly as pneumonic plague but mainly probably as bubonic plague, transmitted via human fleas from person to person. The rats cannot have played a part except in the initial phase. The annals say that 2/3 of Norway's population died. This is probably a big exaggeration. The mortality in Norway can hardly have been more than 40-50%. Even this is high compared with an estimated mortality of approximately 33% in England and on the continent.

Disease Outbreaks↗
PubMed1990

Ectoparasitic and phoretic arthropods of Virginia opossums (Didelphis virginiana) in central Tennessee.

Thirteen species of ectoparasitic (12) or phoretic (1) arthropods were collected from 26 adult Virginia opossums, Didelphis virginiana, live-trapped from April through September 1987 in Davidson County, Tennessee. The cat flea Ctenocephalides felis and the American dog tick Dermacentor variabilis were the predominant species with respect to mean intensity and prevalence. The macronyssid mite Ornithonyssus wernecki and the atopomelid mite Didelphilichus serrifer, both specific parasites of this host, showed high intensities but low prevalences. Other fleas collected were Cediopsylla simplex, Ctenophthalmus pseudagyrtes, and Orchopeas howardi. The tick Amblyomma americanum, the myobiid mite Archemyobia inexpectatus, and the trombiculid (chigger) mites Eutrombicula splendens, Leptotrombidium peromysci (first record from this host) and Neotrombicula cavicola (first record from this host), were also recorded. One phoretic species, the glycyphagid mite Marsupialichus brasiliensis, was noted.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Problems of housing and health of people utilizing the garbage in Cairo from the viewpoint of medical entomology.

More than 50 arthropod species were found at two dumping-grounds with dwelling-places (Mokattam and Ezbet el Nakhl) in Cairo. Their importance was evaluated from the epidemiological and epizootological points of view. Of primary importance is the great prevalence of the fleas (Xenopsylla cheopis) on brown rats (Rattus norvegicus), since the rats are in a close contact with people. They are often simultaneously parasitized with another flea species, Ctenocephalides felis felis, which is very frequent in the studied localities, occurring not only on people and dogs, but also freely in the whole area inhabited by people. Significant is also the large number of ticks (Rhipicephalus sanguineus) and synantropic flies of epidemiological importance. There is a mass occurrence particularly of the species Musca domestica vicina, Musca sorbens and Piophila casei. Attention is paid also to natural reducers of these flies.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[Absalon Pederssøn's report on the plague in Bergen during 1565-1567].

The plague in Bergen 1565-67 was reported by Absalon Pederssøn, a citizen of Bergen, in his diary. The diary describes the onset of the epidemic and reports the deaths from day to day. The plague was brought to Bergen on about 10th August 1565 by a ship from Danzig. Altogether 1,500 people died of bubonic plague in Bergen, i.e. 21-25% of its population. The peaks of the epidemic occurred during the autumn months of 1565 and 1566. In both years the city was almost free from plague from February to July. During the first phase the infection must have been transmitted by rat fleas, but human fleas were the carrier during the cold autumn months. The recurrence in August 1566 and 1567 must have been due to the establishment of a plague reservoir among the rats in the grain stores.

Disease Outbreaks↗
PubMed1989

Duration of inhibition of immediate skin test reactivity by hydroxyzine hydrochloride in dogs.

The duration of hydroxyzine-mediated suppression of the immediate hypersensitivity reaction in the skin of dogs was assessed by intradermal administration of various dilutions of histamine phosphate and of aqueous flea antigen in 18 dogs known to be allergic to fleas. Wheal diameters and scores were used to evaluate the strength of the resulting reactions. In most dogs, significant (P less than 0.05) inhibition lasted from 3 to 5 days after withdrawal from treatment. Some dogs took up to 9 days to equal or exceed their pretreatment wheal diameters and scores.

Allergens↗
PubMed1989

Food hypersensitivity in cats: 14 cases (1982-1987)

Food hypersensitivity was diagnosed in 14 cats. Clinical signs varied; pruritus (100%), alopecia (64%), and papules (21%) were the ones most commonly observed. Pruritus was localized principally to the head or to the neck or ear region in 42% of the cats. Diagnosis was made on the basis of resolution of clinical signs when cats were fed a restricted ("hypoallergenic") diet, and recurrence of signs when cats were fed their original diet or other food. The most common allergens (on the basis of dietary challenge exposure) were fish and dairy products. Age or sex predilection was not observed, and 9 (64%) of the cats were domestic shorthairs. Owners could not relate the onset of clinical signs with a recent change in diet. Three cats had concurrent flea bite, inhalant, or flea collar hypersensitivity.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1986

Trypanosoma cruzi infection in a dog from Oklahoma.

A dog with signs of weakness, labored breathing, and generalized edema was examined. It was heavily infested with fleas and had wounds resulting from a recent fight. Hematologic findings were not remarkable, except for parasites in the blood. The dog was treated for fleas and given antibiotics, but was euthanatized when it failed to respond. Blood and tissue specimens were found to contain Trypanosoma cruzi, and the serum contained antibodies to the organism. We believe this is the first confirmed case of T cruzi infection in dogs from Oklahoma. The public health implications of this finding are underscored by a report on the detection of T cruzi in raccoons in the same season and geographic area.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Parasites of domestic and wild animals in South Africa. XXIII. Helminth and arthropod parasites of warthogs, Phacochoerus aethiopicus, in the eastern Transvaal Lowveld.

A total of 69 warthogs, Phacochoerus aethiopicus, were collected from 4 localities within the Kruger National Park, eastern Transvaal Lowveld. These animals harboured 16 nematode species, 2 trematodes, 1 or 2 species of adult cestodes and the larval stages of 4 cestodes. No pattern of seasonal abundance could be determined for any of the helminths. The warthogs were also infested with 3 flea species, 1 louse species, 8 ixodid tick species, 1 argasid tick and the nymphae of a pentastomid. The seasonal abundance of fleas of the genus Echidnophaga, of the sucking louse Haematopinus phacochoeri and the ixodid ticks Amblyomma hebraeum, Rhipicephalus appendiculatus, Rhipicephalus simus and Rhipicephalus zambeziensis was determined.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Observations on the current status of plague endemicity in the western Usambara mountains, north-east Tanzania.

Epidemiological investigations were executed at 6 locations in the western Usambara mountains in north-east Tanzania from November 1980 to May 1982. Rodent, human and dog sera were checked for agglutinating plague antibodies, using the passive haemagglutination test. Fraction I plague antigen was similarly tested for in rodent organ macerates. Bubo aspirates and rodent organ-smears were microscopically examined for plague bacilli. A total of 257 rodents and 191 fleas were collected. Rattus rattus, Praomys natalensis and Arvicanthis niloticus were the commonest rodent species. Flea ectoparasites mostly comprised of Xenopsylla brasiliensis and Dinopsyllus lypusus. Specific plague antibodies were detected in 2.8%, 10% and 2.9% of the rodents examined in November 1980, November 1981 and May 1982 respectively. Similarly, plague antibodies were found in 0.6%, 1.2% and 0.5% of the human sera tested in September 1981, November 1981 and May 1982 respectively. All the dog sera were negative. The results suggested past contact with plague and existence of a persistent plague focus in the area. Health education for villagers, maintenance of a plague surveillance programme and regular seminars for medical and health personnel in the area were recommended in order to prompt early detection, reporting and control of an outbreak.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

[Ectoparasites on birds (Passeriformes, Charadriiformes) migrating through the Moravian gateway].

The birds migrating through the entrance to the Moravian Gate were subjected to a three-year ectoparasitological study. The studied 24 bird species had three species of louse flies (Diptera, Hippoboscidae ), 31 species of biting lice (Mallophaga), two species of fleas ( Aphaniptera ) and one species of ticks (Acarina, Ixodidae). In Czechoslovakia the biting lice Quadraceps connexus were detected for the first time to be present on phalarope ( Phalaropus lobatus ) and Menacanthus sp. were found for the first time as parasites of reed warbler ( Acrocephalus arundinaceus ). The study also included the determination of the population density of parasites in the attacked birds and the frequency of the occurrence of ectoparasites in 150 specimens of the five most widespread species of reed birds. Louse flies occurring almost in a third of the birds (32% frequency) can be considered as the most important group of summer ectoparasites of the birds living at localities overgrown with reeds . Biting lice occurred at a 6% frequency, and fleas and ticks were even less abundant.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Parasitic contacts between the great, red-tailed and midday gerbils in the Muyun-Kum].

Interspecies epizootic parasitic contacts between rodents, bearers of plague in Mujunkums, have been studied. Rhombomys opimus, Meriones meridianus and M. libicus were marked with different radioactive isotopes. A bilataral exchange with fleas between great gerbils and rodents of the genus Meriones has been established. The exchange proceeded in the direction from rodents of the genus Meriones to great gerbils. Theoretically each rodent of Meriones meridianus and M. libicus fallen ill with plague can transmit within 24 hours one "blocked" flea to a great gerbil. In autumn three of ten animals take part in such transmission.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Human bubonic plague transmitted by a domestic cat scratch.

Bubonic plague was transmitted to a 10-year-old girl in Oregon by a scratch wound inflicted by a domestic cat. The cat probably was infected by contact with infected wild rodents or their fleas. Yersinia pestis was identified in Diamanus montanus fleas collected from an abandoned burrow near the patient's home. Domestic cats may infect humans with Y pestis by inoculation from a scratch.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

[Plague in Central Germany in the 17th century].

It is reported on the experiences from several events of epidemic plague in the 17th century, above all in Middle Germany. Documentary material and the historic literature belonging to this served as basis. The mortality rates of plague are discussed, which proved as relatively different. The seasonal courses of the individual epidemics are discussed, which took place above all in the months July, August and September and finished in winter, what is connected with the biology of the flea. It is emphasized that the mortality of children is particularly in the plague, whereas the women and above all the men somewhat less frequently die of the epidemic, unless statistically significant differences are the result in these cases. The inter-familiar infection chains proved as relatively long so that in these cases multiple infections and secondary diseases are supposed to be the cause. It seems to be very likely that for the events of plague in Europe not the infection formula rat - plague-flea - man is valid, but the infection took place interhumanly according to the formula man - Pulex irritans - man.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Preparation and study of composite insecticido-repellent aerosols.

Insecticido-repellent mixtures sprayed on clothes, nets etc. are useful as a means of protection against attack by bloodsucking arthropods. These sprays provide repellence of insects sensitive to the repellent and kill those that are only weakly repellent sensitive. Combined formulae for aerosols including repellent DETA and the synthetic pyrethroid neopynamin ("Neorepellent-2") or sumithrin ("Sumirepellent") were proposed. The composite sprays were studied in an olfactometer fleas (X. cheopis) and under practical conditions by treating clothes with 7-15 g of mixture per 1 m2. The composite sprays gave 100% repellence for fleas and mosquitoes, 80-50% repellence for simuliids, 65-70% repellence for ceratopogonids and tabanids, 90-95% for ticks, and they killed 100% of insects having contacted treated surface. As regards Ixodes ticks, "Sumirepellent" was more effective than "Neorepellent-2" and caused irreversible paralysis. Toxicological tests showed the composite sprays to be safe in broad-scale practical use provided that measures of precaution were kept.

Aerosols↗
PubMed1981

[Tungiasis - "Vacation dermatitis"].

The symptoms of infestation by Tunga penetrans (chigoe flea or jigger) are demonstrated on a patient recently returned from Tanzania. The epidemiology and a description of the flea's development cycle are given.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Diagnosis of ectoparasitism.

A vacuum cleaner fitted with an in-line filter was used to collect samples from suspected cases of ectoparasitic infestation in animals. Filter samples, including hair, were hydrolyzed in hot potassium hydroxide, and the residue was concentrated by flotation in concentrated sugar and then examined under a microscope. The 206 animals examined yielded fleas, flea feces, forage mites, Cheyletiella, Sarcoptes, Chorioptes, Psoroptes, Otodectes, Demodex and Damalinia spp. The sensitivity of this technique in the diagnosis of ectoparasites was better than that of conventional skin scrapings or direct observation.

Animals↗