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PubMedDate not supplied

[EMG prognosis of facial palsy associated with herpes zoster oticus (Ramsay-Hunt's syndrome). A longitudinal study of 11 cases (author's transl].

Eleven patients with peripheral facial palsy associated with geniculate herpes zoster (Ramsay-Hunt's syndrome) have been followed-up clinically and electromyographically. Each patient was examined three times: within the first week, at the end of the third week and 3-4 months after the onset of symptoms. Only in three cases the facial palsy evolved satisfactorily, with an almost total recovery within three weeks. In eight cases the recovery was delayed and incomplete, with residual, and often severe, hemifacial spasm. This study confirms the rather poor prognosis of peripheral facial palsy in Ramsay-Hunt's syndrome. The importance of detecting even slight signs of herpetic eruption in any case of apparently "idiopathic" peripheral facial palsy is emphasized.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Stress reduction prior to oral surgery.

Patients about to undergo oral surgical procedures may be fearful and anxious. It is thought that stress reduction can be attained by relaxation and reassurance. One time stress reduction techniques were tested on 100 patients prior to oral surgery and measurements of stress were made prior to and during the procedures. Patients were divided randomly into four groups: group one patients received general surgical information about tooth removal; group two patients listened to a relaxation tape; group three patients listened to a combination of surgical information and relaxation information tape; and group four patients had no intervention. The day of oral surgery, patients were administered Corah's Dental Anxiety Scale. In addition, measurements of peripheral skin temperature, frontalis EMG for facial muscle tension and blood pressure recordings were made. The measurements were taken prior to and after the patients listened to the information mentioned above on audio tapes, (groups 1-3) or relaxed in their own way (group 4). Self assessment of anxiety reduction was recorded and evaluation of relaxation was made by the oral surgeon during the surgical procedure. Observations were made relating to age, sex, degree of surgical difficulty and presence or absence of preoperative pain. A significant decrease in blood pressure (p_.01 was noted between the experimental and control group. Reduction of anxiety was notably seen with group three patients, where EMG and temperature differences varied from the control group. It was also noted that all patients perceived some degree of relaxation.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Normal and pathologic radiographic anatomy of the motor innervation of the face.

Facial motor disorders, including facial paralysis, myokymia, dyskinesia, and hemifacial spasm, are common clinical problems in which radiographic evaluation plays a crucial role. Since every segment of the motor innervation of the face from the brain to the parotid gland can now be seen radiographically, radiologists must understand the normal anatomy, the common pathologic lesions at each level, and the clinical findings that help localize the abnormality so that the most sensitive and accurate radiographic approach can be planned. Though computed tomography alone allows for visualization of every segment, other methods such as cisternography, angiography, polytomography, sialography, and magnetic resonance imaging are complementary in specific disorders.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

Hemifacial spasm.

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Facial Muscles↗
PubMed1978

Proactive and retroactive effects of hippocampal stimulation on active avoidance learning, hippocampal EEG and brain acetylcholinesterase activity in cats.

The subject of this investigation were the effects of electrical stimulation of the hippocampus on the acquisition of active avoidance response (AAR) in a shuttle-box. The stimulation (200 microamperes, 50/s, negative rectangular pulses of 1.0 ms duration) was applied once for 10 s before or after each training session. It was found that the application of hippocampal stimulation before each session facilitated the acquisition of AAR; discontinuation of the stimulation after training did not cause a decrease of AAR performance. Application of the stimulation after each session inhibited learning in four out of six cats. However, the level of AAR performance increased rapidly in these cats after inversion of the trials-stimulation sequence. It was also found that the intensity of the somatic and vegetative symptoms evoked by stimulation (stupor, salivation, twitching of facial muscles, pupil dilatation, crying) increased gradually in successive experimental sessions, suggesting the development of the 'kindling effect in cats stimulated before each session. In cats stimulated after each session the intensity of these symptoms was greatly diminished as compared to sessions where the stimulation was not preceded by the avoidance training, or they did appear at all. However, normal sensitivity to stimulation returned after several applications of hippocampal stimulation before each experimental session. Electroencephalographic studies showed that hippocampal stimulation with the use of the same parameters as those used during training evoked hippocampal afterdischarges lasting 5-60 s. No changes of aceltycholinesterase activity in different brain regions were found in consequence of such stimulation.

Acetylcholinesterase↗