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At least 1,639 records · Page 91Linked to original sources
PubMed2002

Applicability of mass spectrometry to detect coeluting impurities in high-performance liquid chromatography.

An array of pharmaceutical compounds and impurities were used to investigate the applicability of atmospheric pressure ionization mass spectrometry (MS) to routinely detect coeluting impurities in HPLC (i.e. peak purity). Four drugs were individually tested against their related impurity set using a straightforward HPLC-MS peak purity strategy. For the investigated set, which represents 24 unique drug-impurity permutations, 75% of the coeluting impurities were detected at levels <1.0%, including one-third at 0.1% (%, w/w). Factors that affect the applicability of this peak purity approach are also discussed.

Aminosalicylic Acids↗
PubMed1991

Digoxin-specific Fab fragments in the treatment of oleander toxicity in a canine model.

STUDY OBJECTIVE: To examine the efficacy of digoxin-specific Fab fragments (dsFab) in the treatment of experimentally induced Nerium oleander cardiac glycoside toxicity in a dog model. DESIGN: A nonblined, placebo-controlled experiment. SUBJECTS: Ten adult greyhound dogs of either sex divided into treatment and control groups of five dogs each. INTERVENTIONS: A tincture of oleander was prepared and administered intravenously to each animal. After the onset of cardiotoxicity, the treatment group received 60 mg/kg dsFab IV. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: All dogs exhibited dysrhythmias meeting our criteria for cardiac glycoside cardiotoxicity within 27 minutes of beginning the infusion. Three of five control dogs had lethal dysrhythmias during the three-hour observation period. The remaining two control dogs exhibited dysrhythmias throughout the three-hour experiment. All five of the dsFab-treated dogs survived and converted to normal sinus rhythm within eight minutes of dsFab infusion. Three treatment animals reverted back to nonlethal and hemodynamically stable dysrhythmias after a mean of 107 minutes. CONCLUSION: Large doses of dsFab are efficacious in the treatment of dysrhythmias in this canine model of N oleander cardiac glycoside poisoning.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Current status of plasmapheresis in toxicology.

Although the elimination of specific toxins by the removal of all plasma constituents is a crude approach, further refinements of the technique should permit safer and more selective detoxification in the future. Currently the mainstay of treatment of intoxicated patients remains careful, aggressive, supportive care. Plasmapheresis should be considered as yet an unproven, hazardous form of therapy for the treatment of intoxication. Its main role should be confined to a research setting in which investigators attempt to develop more advanced and potentially useful apheresis techniques. Membrane plasmapheresis with subsequent on-line treatment of the plasma by sorbent may remove specific plasma solutes. The plasma may be perfused back to the patient without the need to use replacement fluids, thus avoiding many of the side effects of conventional exchange. Bile acids have been removed by circulating plasma over charcoal-coated glass beads, and several toxic substances were shown to be absorbed by perfusion over amberlite resin columns. Another productive area for future research includes the use of plasma exchange therapy for the treatment of acute endogenous intoxications. Recent examples include the treatment of severe preeclampsia, extensive rhabdomyolysis, and life-threatening bleeding in a hemophiliac with inhibitors to clotting factors. Although plasmapheresis in the management of intoxications is still an experimental technique, it may open the door to the treatment of previously intractable syndromes, both medical and toxicologic.

Adult↗