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At least 1,639 records · Page 91Linked to original sources
PubMed2000

[Contact allergies in patients with eczema of the external ear canal. Results of the Information Network of Dermatological Clinics and the German Contact Allergy Group].

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The Information Network of Departments of Dermatology (IVDK) centrally collects patch tests results in cooperation with the German Contact Dermatitis Research Group (DKG). Data of patients, who underwent patch testing to evaluate otitis externa were analyzed. PATIENTS/METHODS: Data of 145 patients that had been recorded between 1992 and 1997 were evaluated. The evaluation included data yielded by standardized patch testing as well as by patch testing of products that the patients had used. RESULTS: Allergic contact dermatitis was diagnosed in one third of patients suffering from otitis externa. Topical drugs were shown to be the most important allergens. In comparison to the entire IVDK collective, the population-adjusted frequency of sensitization (PAFS) of neomycin sulfate was higher in the study population whereas that of nickel sulfate was lower. That shows that in a very specific topographic area, different allergens may be of clinical significance. CONCLUSIONS: Whereas nickel sulfate represents an important allergen in the contact dermatitis of the external ear, topical therapeutical agents, especially neomycin sulfate and, as evaluation of the patch tests of the patient's own products revealed, probably polymyxin B are the dominating allergens in otitis externa.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

[Presentation of pyoderma gangraenosum in a dermatologic atlas of the early 19th century].

Pyoderma gangrenosum was first described in 1930 by Brunsting, Goeckermann and O'Leary. Nevertheless we found some illustrations in an atlas on dermatology, published by Marie-Nicolas Devergie in the first half of the 19th century, which appear to be pyoderma gangrenosum. In addition to discussions of typical syphilitic affections of the skin, Devergie's "Clinique de la Maladie Syphilitique" includes illustrations of gangrenous ulcers, which appeared unexpectedly after local and systemic therapy with mercury. Devergie interpreted those enlarging ulcers as a side effect of mercury therapy. Thus we were able to find evidence of pyoderma gangrenosum more than 100 years before first description in 1930. The etiology of this clinical picture is still unsettled. The favorite postulate has been a bacterial genesis which was the subject of numerous publications until the 1960s.

Atlases as Topic↗
PubMed2002

[Cutaneous microdialysis. Use in dermatology].

The determination of concentrations of exogenous or endogenous substances in the dermis, e.g. for pharmacokinetic studies, is technically difficult. Performing skin biopsies or inducing suction blisters results in the disintegration of the tissue and allows only single measurements. Recently, cutaneous microdialysis, a new simple and minimally invasive technique for continuously measuring of substances in the dermis in vivo, has been introduced in dermatological research. According to the principle of dialysis, a semipermeable membrane is inserted in the dermis and due to a concentration gradient between the interstitial space and a perfusate, substances diffuse through the pores of the membrane and can be analyzed in the dialysate. Cutaneous microdialysis represents a useful technique for pharmacokinetic or pharmacodynamic studies as well as for investigations regarding cutaneous physiology and pathophysiology.

Biological Availability↗
PubMed2001

[Dermatologic steroid therapy during pregnancy and lactation].

Dermatological therapy during pregnancy and lactation should be scrutinized regarding possible side effects for mother or child. Glucocorticoids are a group of agents that have been employed for many years and with appropriate indications and careful monitoring can be used safely and effectively in pregnancy.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed2006

Clinico-mycological profile of dermatophytosis in a reference centre for leprosy and dermatological diseases in Addis Ababa.

To assess the clinical and fungal species spectrum of dermatophyte infection in a reference centre in Addis Ababa, 539 dermatological patients with signs of dermatophytosis were investigated. Seventy-one percent were female and 29% male, aged 2-66 years (median 9). Four hundred-fifteen (77%) had at least one skin lesion. Tinea capitis was diagnosed in 138/155 males (89%) as compared to 214/384 females (40%) (p < 0.05). T. capitis was diagnosed in 69% of the 374 children. Fingernails were affected in 132/145 (91%) of onychomycosis, 118 (90%) of these patients were females and 14 males (p < 0.05). Tinea corporis was observed in 45, and other types of tinea in 12 patients. Thirty-six percent of all patients had also other skin lesions, mostly impetigo. Of 490 cultured samples 364 (74%) grew dermatophytes: Trichophyton violaceum in 84%, Trichophyton verrucosum in 9.6%, Trichophyton tonsurans in 1.4% and T. rubrum in 0.5%. Additionally, 15 isolates were identified as white variants of T. violaceum, in 3 cases confirmed by sequencing of the rDNA ITS 2 region. T. capitis in young males and T. unguium of fingernails in females were the most common manifestations of dermatophytosis in Addis Ababa, usually caused by T.violaceum.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Enzymes of collagen biosynthesis in skin and serum in dermatological diseases. I. Enzymes of the skin.

Immunoreactive prolyl hydroxylase protein, prolyl hydroxylase activity and galactosylhydroxylysyl glucosyltransferase activity were measured in skin biopsies from 54 patients with various dermatological disorders and compared with results from 15 control samples; The mean prolyl hydroxylase activity was significantly elevated in case of keloids (P less than 0.001) and lichen ruber planus (P less than 0.02) and the mean galactosylhydroxylysyl glucosyltransferase activity in keloids (P less than 0.005), lichen ruber planus (P less than 0.02) and psoriasis (P less than 0.05), and high activities of these two enzymes were also occasionally found in other skin diseases and active systemic connective tissue diseases. These two enzyme activities correlated highly significantly (P less than 0.001) with each other in the total disease material. Immunoreactive prolyl hydroxylase protein was significantly elevated in psoriasis (P less than 0.02) lichen ruber planus (P less than 0.005), but not in keloids, where very high activities of the corresponding enzyme were found. Active prolyl hydroxylase constituted about 1.3% of total immunoreactive prolyl hydroxylase protein in normal skin, but as much as 10% in cases of keloids.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Enzymes of collagen biosynthesis in skin and serum and dermatological diseases. II. Serum enzymes.

Serum immunoreactive prolyl hydroxylase protein and galactosylhydroxylysyl glucosyltransferase activity were measured in 54 patients wtih various dermatological diseases and compared with corresponding values in 32 control subjects. These serum enzymes were at the control level in the great majority of the patients, and no correlation was found between serum and skin enzymes, except for one weak correlation in lichen ruber planus. Some patients with psoriasis, lichen ruber planus, keloids, erythema nodosum or chronic discoid lupus erythematosus, however, did have at least one of these enzymes elevated in the serum, and a significant correlation (P less than 0.01) between the two enzymes was found in the total disease material. Thus it does seem that diseases limited only to the skin can sometimes raise these serum enzyme levels. The mean levels of serum immunoreactive prolyl hydroxylase and galactosylhydroxylysyl glucosyltransferase activity were significantly elevated (P less than 0.001) in active systemic connective tissue diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus, scleroderma or dermatomyositis compared with the controls, and 4 out of 7 values for immunoreactive prolyl hydroxylase and 3 out of 7 for galactosylhydroxylysyl glucosyltransferase activity were above the 95% confidence limit of the controls. Since the levels of the skin enzymes were not elevated in most of these patients, however, the main sources for the elevated serum enzymes were probably tissues other than the skin.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Dermatologic problems of musicians.

The unique occupational dermatologic disorders of musicians are reviewed and compiled to provide the clinician with a reference list. Our results were obtained by a survey of 24 members of a professional symphony orchestra. The results of the survey revealed a significant incidence of occupationally related skin problems in musicians.

Dermatitis, Occupational↗
PubMed1991

Recent advances in pediatric infectious diseases and their impact on dermatology.

The past five years have seen numerous advances in the field of pediatric infectious diseases, and many of these have a substantial impact on the practice of dermatology. We review some of these advances and discuss their implications on etiology, diagnosis, therapy and complications of some relatively common conditions. The etiologic agent of exanthum subitum (roseola infantum) has been clearly implicated as a herpesvirus-6. Although in the classically described situation high fever in a young child is followed by defervescence and rash, two new scenarios have been described associated with this virus. The first is fever without rash and the second is rash without fever. The etiologic agent of erythema infectiosum ("slapped cheek") has been shown to be a human parvovirus B19. The virus has also been associated with aplastic crises (in hemoglobinopathies), hydrops fetalis, and a syndrome of subacute arthralgias in women. The etiologic agent in cat-scratch disease has recently been shown to be a small pleomorphic bacillus that also can produce pyogenic granuloma-like lesions in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. The number of cases of congenital syphilis, particularly in large cities, is increasing tremendously. Many of these infants have received no prenatal care because of drug abuse problems in their parents. Finally, we describe the changing etiology of impetigo that is predominantly associated with Staphylococcus aureus. We further describe the growing resistance to erythromycin and several new erythromycin drug-drug interactions.

Cat-Scratch Disease↗
PubMed1991

Azathioprine in dermatology.

Azathioprine has been available for 30 years and is used in a variety of dermatologic conditions. In common with other systemic immunosuppressant drugs, it has potentially serious side effects in both the short and the long term. It has a favorable therapeutic ratio, however, and most side effects can be avoided by administering low doses for short periods. This review describes azathioprine's chemistry, drug interactions, adverse effects, and oncogenicity and then deals with its clinical applications. The well-established uses are discussed first, followed by less conventional ones. In severe, potentially fatal blistering diseases, azathioprine has an undisputed place in management. For intractable, disabling actinic reticuloid and atopic eczema, it has a smaller part to play, and its role is less clear.

Azathioprine↗
PubMed1993

Analytic morphology in clinical and experimental dermatology.

During the past several years, quantitative morphology has gained increasing attention in diagnostic pathology and in certain research applications. In the field of dermatopathology, quantitative morphology has been applied to numerous problems, ranging from the interactive measurement of nuclear contours to fully automated, high-resolution image analysis of ultrastructural micrographs. Dermatologic applications are reviewed, and potential developments in the future are briefly outlined.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Three-dimensional imaging for diagnostic ultrasound in dermatology.

BACKGROUND: Visual examination and cutaneous biopsies, two major tools in dermatologic diagnosis, do not provide structural information regarding the entire tissue volume. OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to develop a high-resolution ultrasound system that quickly, with minimal operator interaction, displays structural data on the entire tissue volume. METHODS: A prototype ultrasound B-scan system was developed and operated at nominal center frequencies between 35 and 50 MHz, with computer processing of data to produce three-dimensional images. These images displayed as three-dimensional "blocks" can be sectioned to provide multiple images of internal structure (i.e., "acoustic biopsies"). RESULTS: B-scans and associated three-dimensional images were obtained from assorted skin sites in selected patients. CONCLUSION: This technique provides a valuable diagnostic tool that is now being further evaluated.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Delusional parasitosis: a dermatologic, psychiatric, and pharmacologic approach.

Delusional parasitosis is a syndrome in which the patient has the false belief that he is infested by parasites. Although this is a psychiatric disorder, patients usually seek care from dermatologists. DP has various causes. It may occur as the sole psychologic disturbance, or it may be associated with an underlying psychiatric disorder or physical illness. A dermatology-psychiatry liaison is advocated for establishing a viable differential diagnosis and selecting appropriate therapy. The antipsychotic agent pimozide is currently the most effective treatment when DP occurs as an encapsulated delusion. Pimozide therapy requires careful monitoring because this drug has several potentially serious adverse effects, and relapse often occurs on discontinuation of the drug.

Aged↗
PubMed2005

Dermatologic conditions associated with use of a lower-extremity prosthesis.

OBJECTIVES: To document the frequency of skin problems among lower-limb prosthesis users and to assess for factors associated with skin problems among patients using a prosthesis. DESIGN: Six-year retrospective chart review. SETTING: An outpatient amputee clinic at a regional, referral rehabilitation hospital in Canada. PARTICIPANTS: Seven hundred forty-five subjects with a total of 828 lower-extremity amputations participated. Subjects were included if they had a lower-extremity amputation and used a prosthesis for ambulation or transfers. INTERVENTIONS: Not applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The presence or absence of a skin problem. Descriptive and nonparametric statistics were used to analyze data. RESULTS: Three hundred thirty-seven residual limbs (40.7%) had at least 1 skin problem. Adjusted odds ratios showed that amputation level, being employed, type of walking aid, and absence of peripheral vascular disease (as a comorbidity) were independently associated with the presence of at least 1 skin problem ( P <.05). CONCLUSIONS; Dermatologic conditions are a frequent complication for the lower-extremity amputee who uses a prosthesis. The results suggest that more active amputees have an increased risk for developing skin problems. Further study in this area is warranted.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Obesity and dermatology.

Obesity is associated with a number of dermatoses. It affects cutaneous sensation, temperature regulation, foot shape, and vasculature. Acanthosis nigricans is the most common dermatological manifestation of obesity. Skin tags are more commonly associated with diabetes than with obesity. Obesity increases the incidence of cutaneous infections that include: candidiasis, intertigo, candida folliculitis, furunculosis, erythrasma, tinea cruris, and folliculitis. Less common infections include cellulitis, necrotizing fasciitis, and gas gangrene. Leg ulcerations, lymphedema, plantar hyperkeratosis, and striae are more common with obesity. Hormonal abnormalities and genetic syndromes (Prader-Willi) are related to obesity and its dermatoses; however, cellulite is not related to obesity.

Acanthosis Nigricans↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Dermatologic manifestations of parathyroid-related disorders.

Dermatologic manifestations of parathyroid-related disorders, although rare in sporadic cases, are not uncommon in familial syndromes. Patients with familial hyperparathyroidism have several types of skin lesions. In multiple endocrine neoplasia 1, patients commonly have angiofibromas (85%) and collagenomas (70%), lesions that show loss of one 11q13 allele, the molecular abnormality in multiple endocrine neoplasia 1. They can also present with lipomas or café-au-lait spots. Cutaneous amyloidosis, an entity that can occur sporadically, has been described in multiple endocrine neoplasia 2a and is usually localized to the interscapular area. Metastatic calcification is an entity commonly encountered in patients with hyperparathyroidism and renal failure. It can be complicated by infections and necrosis. It is best treated by controlling hypercalcemia, hyperphosphatemia, hyperparathyroidism, antibiotics, and analgesia. Parathyroidectomy is reserved for refractory cases. Hypoparathyroidism presenting in the context of polyglandular failure type 1 is characterized by mucocutaneous candidiasis. Pseudohypoparathyroidism, an inherited disorder with end-organ unresponsiveness to parathyroid hormone, is characterized by Albright hereditary osteodystrophy. Patients present with short stature, round facies, brachydactyly, and short fourth or fifth metacarpals.

Humans↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Sjögren's syndrome in dermatology.

Sjogren's Syndrome (SS) is a systemic autoimmune disease characterized by dry eyes (keratoconjunctivis sicca) and dry mouth (xerostomia). To fulfill diagnostic criteria, patients must have objective signs of dryness on examination and laboratory confirmation of an autoimmune process as evidenced by a positive autoantibody to SS-A antigen or a characteristic lip biopsy. SS may exist as a primary condition or in association with other systemic autoimmune disorders (termed secondary SS) such as rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematous (SLE), progressive systemic sclerosis (scleroderma), or dermatomyositis. Exclusions to the diagnosis include pre-existing lymphoma, hepatitis C or HIV infection. Pathogenesis involves both genetic (especially HLA-DR) and environmental factors. Both T-cells and B-cells are involved in the generation of cytokines and chemokines within the glands. The epithelial cells of the glands also play a role in pathogenesis. The dermatologic manifestations range from drynessness (sicca) and its complications to vasculitis. There is a significant overlap in the clinical manifestations, as well as treatment, of SS and SLE. However, SS patients require special attention to the complications of ocular dryness (keratocojunctivitis sicca and blepharitis) and oral dryness (rapid tooth loss and oral candidiasis) SS patients have a markedly increased risk of lymphoma and enlarged lymph nodes or persistently enlarged parotid/submandibular glands that require further evaluation.

Autoimmune Diseases↗
PubMed2005

Adverse drug interactions and reactions in dermatology: current issues of clinical relevance.

This article highlights several adverse drug interactions and reactions relevant to current dermatologic practice. Absorption interactions between drugs and compounds containing polyvalent cations, potential interactions between herbal and conventional medicines, the meaning of sulfa allergy, and adverse cutaneous reactions caused by epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors are discussed.

Drug Eruptions↗