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PubMed1990

[Metric studies of the dermal ridges of the palm in relation to handedness].

Palm prints of 394 right-handers and 356 non-right-handers (left-handers and ambidexters) were evaluated regarding distance ad, ulnar shift, and relative horizontal triradius distance. Comparison between handedness groups produced some significant differences. The "graded distinction of dermatoglyphic traits" which was found in an earlier study has been confirmed. It has been suggested a modification of terminology for the position of axial triradii.

Dermatoglyphics↗
PubMed1990

Isolation by distance and correlation analysis of distance measures in the study of population structure: example from the Island of Hvar.

Assessment of the population structure on the island of Hvar is based on the analysis of Malécot's isolation by distance model. We have tested the fit of the model by regression analysis of different measures of similarity (genetic kinship) and distance [Hamming's HSM distance for linguistic data; Mahalanobis's D2 distances for anthropometric head and body dimensions, radiogrammetric dimensions of metacarpal bones, physiological (cardiorespiratory) traits, and quantitative dermatoglyphic properties of the digitopalmar complex; and Edwards's E2 for frequencies of erythrocyte antigens]. Good fit of the model for linguistic and anthropometric data, which was demonstrated in previous studies on other eastern Adriatic populations, is confirmed. We compared parameters of the model with those already published for various populations in the eastern Adriatic and other parts of the world. We also evaluated the pattern of correlations between different measures of geographic, biological, and sociocultural distances through principal components analysis and interpreted the results within the context of microevolutionary theory and the population's ethnohistorical background.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Detection of differential gene flow from patterns of quantitative variation.

A major goal in anthropological genetics is the assessment of the effects of different microevolutionary forces. Harpending and Ward (1982) developed a model that aids in this effort by comparing observed and expected heterozygosity within populations in a local region. The expected heterozygosity within a population is a function of the total heterozygosity of the entire region and the distance of the population from the regional mean centroid of allele frequencies. Greater than average gene flow from an external source will result in a population having greater heterozygosity than expected. Less than average gene flow from an external source will result in a population having less heterozygosity than expected. We extend the Harpending-Ward model to quantitative traits using an equal and additive effects model of inheritance. Here the additive genetic variance within a population is directly proportional to heterozygosity, and its expectation is directly proportional to the genetic distance from the centroid. Under certain assumptions the expectations for phenotypic variances are similar. Observed and expected genetic or phenotypic variance can then be compared to assess the effects of differential external gene flow. When the additive genetic covariance matrix or heritabilities are not known, the phenotypic covariance matrix can be used to provide a conservative application of the model. In addition, we develop new methods for estimation of the genetic relationship matrix (R) from quantitative traits. We apply these models to two data sets: (1) six principal components derived from twenty dermatoglyphic ridge count measures for nine villages in Nepal and (2) ten anthropometric measurements for seven isolated populations in western Ireland. In both cases both the univariate and multivariate analyses provide results that can be directly interpreted in terms of historically known patterns of gene flow.

Anthropology, Physical↗
PubMed1990

[A typical cases of X-linked anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia and a diagnosis of carriers].

A typical case of X-linked anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (AED) aged 19 year-old-male was discussed in detail, and a diagnosis of carriers of AED with his elder sister aged 24 years just before her marriage and mother was carried out. It seemed that the presence of 6 items of manifestation were important for diagnosis of carriers of AED without any evident symptoms. These were (1) abnormal teeth, (2) dissociation of dermatoglyphics, (3) hypohidrosis, (4) anhidrotic patchy distribution, (5) the lines of Blaschko and (6) expansion of distance between sweat pores. His mother was able to be diagnosed as a carrier of AED by having all of the 6 items. It was confirmed that his sister was not a carrier of AED, since she had none of the 6 items and yet her probability of being a carrier of AED was 1.5625% due to Lyon's hypothesis.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Risk factors for asbestosis in workers of asbestos mills.

The analysis was based on a set of fifteen factors, characterising: the value of exposure to dust hazard, social status of the subjects involved, presence of diseases in the anamnesis, habits, etc., with the aim of establishing their effect on the possibility of developing asbestosis among the female workers of asbestos mills. Mathematical methods of pattern recognition were used for this multifactorial analysis. The decisive rule, obtained on the "training" principle, helped to differentiate the observations made in a reference group with the following accuracy: "without asbestosis": 87.5% correct answers, and "with asbestosis": 88.9% correct answers, which confirms the possibility of predicting the individual risk of developing asbestosis by analysing the set of risk factors. The use of the improved dermatoglyphic technique contributed to demonstrating the significance of the genotype in producing a predisposition towards asbestosis. The experience acquired demonstrates the possibility of medico-occupational selection for work involving asbestos exposure with simultaneous improvement of dust abatement measures at the factory.

Asbestosis↗
PubMed1989

[Study of genetic markers of duodenal ulcer].

The results of determination of various hereditary predisposition markers in peptic ulcer are given: in the population, in patients with duodenal ulcer and in their siblings (risk group). Of importance for revealing subjects with hereditary predisposition to duodenal ulcer are the clinico-genealogical analysis, determination of the blood group, especially in simultaneous determination of a "secretory status" ("status of non-secretion" of the ABH blood system agglutinogen in the saliva), increase in the mass of parietal cells and, to some extent, of the distinguishing features of dermatoglyphics (in combination with the above markers). Determination of taste sensitivity to phenylthiocarbamide is non-informative.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMed1979

Linkage analysis and the inheritance of arches in a Habbanite isolate.

A pedigree and linkage analysis was performed on a corrected version of the Habbanite pedigree 2 of Slatis et al. [1]. The trait "arch on any digit" was examined for major gene inheritance and possible linkage to several blood and serum group markers. The results confirm the proposed dominant major gene inheritance of this trait with almost complete penetrance. In addition, the analysis suggests linkage with the haptoglobin locus with evidence against linkage with Pl and Rhesus. These results are of particular interest in view of recently reported dermatoglyphic associations with haptoglobin.

Consanguinity↗
PubMed1988

[Population structure and the anthropogenetic traits of Shortzy in the Mras-Su River basin].

Demographic and phenotypic study of a population of Shortzy living along the Mras-Su River and in the Abakan River valley was carried out. The results of population genetic analysis of certain monogenic characters (AB0, PTC) as well as some dermatoglyphic traits and qualitative anthropometric traits are presented. The population was shown to be isolated. The level of gene flow in the population from the outside regions is equal to about 3-6%. The structure of the mountain Shortzy population was shown to approach the "stepping-stone" type. Considerable heterogeneity in the distribution of the traits in question was revealed. The similarity measures in the distribution of the values of three groups of traits were shown to be related to the extent of gene flow between subpopulations. Based on this analysis, two assumptions on the possible origins of the Shortzy population which had migrated from the mountains to the Abakan River valley about 250 years ago are formulated. Most probably, the modern phenotype of this group of Shortzy reflects the influence of other ethnic groups.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMed1987

[Palm creases and anatomy. Palmar print of 166 patients with surgically treated carpal tunnel syndrome].

The dermatoglyphics are genetically determined as well as anatomical variations are unique in every person. The following paper coordinates some variations in furrows of the hand with anatomical situations that can be found when operating a Carpal tunnel syndrome. In 166 patients the preoperative handprint was compared to the anatomy found. Some anatomical variations were found to have their expression in certain furrows.

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome↗
PubMed1986

[Diagnosis of vascular cholecystitis by sequential analysis].

Based on an analysis of the examination of 106 patients with acute cholecystitis the author describes specific features of some parameters of dermatoglyphics and group relevance of blood in patients with different forms of acute (vascular included) cholecystitis.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMed1987

[Genetic constitution differences in patients with various forms of alcoholism].

Four groups of alcoholics were identified, according to the structure of psychopathological disturbances outside the acute period of abstinence and progression of the disease. There were inter-group differences in the level of familial history of alcoholism, alcoholic psychoses and psychic diseases, as well as in the mean values of some parameters of dermatoglyphics of palms, colour perception and taste perception of phenylthiocarbamide. The used clinical criteria of patients' distribution reflect the constitutional-genetic differences between them, which should be taken into consideration in developing differential pharmacotherapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Anthropological studies in Assam, India. 4. Observations on the Kalitas.

Five regional groups of the Kalitas, an Assamese caste group, have been investigated for the distribution of anthropometric and dermatoglyphic traits as well as for the distribution of ABO blood groups and PTC taste sensitivity. The intergroup variability is to some extent considerable. The possible reasons for that are discussed.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Study of finger print patterns in leprosy.

Finger print patterns of 150 male leprosy patients (100 paucibacillary and 50 multibacillary leprosy) were compared with 50 matched controls. Significant differences were found in finger print patterns of multibacillary leprosy patients and controls. No differences in dermatoglyphic patterns were observed between paucibacillary leprosy and controls. The total finger ridge count (TFRC) in both types of leprosy was slightly lower than controls. A significant difference in individual finger ridge count on digit 1 of right hand was noted in paucibacillary leprosy cases as compared to controls.

Dermatoglyphics↗
PubMed1986

Anthropological studies in Assam, India.

Four Assamese caste groups--Jogis, Hiras, Kumars and Kaibartas--have been analysed for the distribution of anthropometric and dermatoglyphic traits as well as for the distribution of ABO blood groups and PTC taste sensitivity. The differences among these four caste groups are statistically mostly significant, which can be connected with the history of these groups and their genetic isolation from each other.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMed1986

The palatal ruga pattern in possible paternity determination.

The use of a genetic marker in paternity determination has been successful with the ABO blood group system but unsuccessful in dermatoglyphics and palatal rugae because the genetic mechanism is polygenic. The palatal rugae of 17 families (34 parents and 49 children) were classified and recorded, and the data used to construct a statistical analysis system (SAS) cluster map. A positive result would have meant a father clustering with all his children at Level 83, where, in fact, the best result achieved was at Level 5. The best cluster occurred at Level 82 between the ten-year-old boy of Family 7 and the eleven-year-old girl of Family 3. It is thus clear that the palatal rugae cannot be used in a practical procedure to determine paternity.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMed1985

Anthropological studies in Assam, India. 1. Observations on five Mongoloid populations.

Five Mongoloid population groups from Upper Assam (Ahom, Chutia, Deuri, Mishing and Moran) have been investigated for the distribution of anthropometric and dermatoglyphic traits as well as for that of ABO blood groups and PTC taste sensitivity. The results are discussed with special reference to extent and causes of intergroup variability.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMed1985

Incidence of finger pattern types and pattern intensity in a Spanish population (Tierra de Campos).

The incidence of finger pattern types and the pattern intensity distribution in a Spanish sample (417 males and 416 females) drawn from the geographical area of Tierra de Campos have been studied. Sexual and bilateral differences for both dermatoglyphic traits were explored by means of chi 2-test and Mann-Whitney U-test, showing significant differences in all cases, excepting the sexual difference between left hands for pattern intensity. Kolmogorov test for distribution normality showed that pattern intensity was not normally distributed, being the distributions right skewed because of the low frequency of classes with fewer triradii. The results obtained in Tierra de Campos were compared with those observed in other Spanish and Portuguese populations, showing more heterogeneity in the pattern types than in pattern intensity. This could imply that arches account for the main source of variation between populations. Moreover, pattern type frequencies and pattern intensity in Tierra de Campos are, as expected, within the variation ranges of Southeuropean-Mediterranean populations and Caucasians as a whole, although the incidence of radial loops is located in the lower extremes of the corresponding variation ranges.

Dermatoglyphics↗