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PubMed1978

Logistics of study on hormone therapy in the climacteric.

The practical implications of conducting a prospective study into the effects of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) in peri- and post-menopausal women are discussed. The minimum number of woman-years of observation required to yield data of statistical significance is around 50,000, which would involve the participation of 1000 general practitioners.

Climacteric↗
PubMed1995

[Prevalence study of symptoms and risk factors associated with climacteric].

OBJECTIVES: To describe the prevalence of risk factors for Osteoporosis and Cardiovascular disease and the frequency of appearance of menopausal symptoms; and to study how these are linked to menstrual disorders in premenopausal women. DESIGN: Descriptive study. SETTING: General Medical clinics of an urban PC team in Leganés, Madrid. PATIENTS: 181 women who attended the clinics without appointment for whatever reason over a month. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: A directed questionnaire on risk factors and 19 symptoms of the menopause was completed. Among the risk factors for Osteoporosis, 52.2% of women consumed less than 500 mg of calcium per day, 8.3% had never given birth and 6.7% presented early menopause. As risk factors for Cardiovascular disease, the high prevalence of arterial Hypertension (32.6%) and Dislipaemia (24.9%) were notable. Only flushes, pain in the joints, migraine, fatigue, nervousness and loss of memory were present in more than 50% of the women. The thirteen remaining symptoms did not reach this proportion. We found no association between classic symptoms of menopause and premenopausal menstrual disorders. CONCLUSIONS: The intake of calcium by women in our health area must be increased. We thought there were reasonable doubts for some classic symptoms of the menopause being accepted as indicators for hormone replacement therapy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

[Hepatic changes in different hormone replacement therapies in climacteric].

Measurements of liver enzymes (ASAT, ALAT, GGT, AP) and SHBG were carried out in 128 postmenopausal women during 12 months of different hormone replacement therapies. There was no negative effect on these liver enzymes. ASAT, ALAT, GGT and AP decreased during the 12 months of treatment. Transdermal replacement therapy did not induce a higher level of SHBG.

Administration, Cutaneous↗
PubMed1995

[Do we need the concept of male climacteric?].

The female menopause is considered to be a result of a decrease in the endocrinal metabolic activity of the ovaries. Although the male lacks such a highly visible sign as the cessation of the menstrual flow, the amount of testosterone produced by the aging male does in fact decrease. Recent studies, such as the Massachusetts Male Aging Study show that, between the ages of 40 to 70 years, the mean testosterone level decreases annually by about 1%. Chronic diseases and the use of drugs have a comparable effect. Although it is generally believed that sexual impotence is a major symptom of male menopause, recent investigations have shown that sexual functionability may be preserved into the ninth and tenth decade of life. Sexuality is not merely an instinct or a psychological expression, but is deeply anchored within the personality. Even when, with increasing age, the frequency of sexual dysfunction increases, such changes do not correlate with the decrease in testosterone levels. None of these phenomena take place within an age span that marks them off from the involution processes in other organs. The expression midlife crisis commonly met with in the English literature points up the psycho-social implications. Impotence or a loss of sexuality is not a sequel of aging, but of attitude towards sexuality. The latter is preserved if it is not neglected throughout the course of a lifetime.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Efficacy and short-term effects of pravastatin, a potent inhibitor of HMG-Co A reductase, on hypercholesterolemia in climacteric women.

The effects of pravastatin, a potent inhibitor of HMG-CoA reductase, on serum lipids and lipoproteins were studied in 86 patients (36 premenopausal and 50 postmenopausal women) suffering from primary hypercholesterolemia. The effects of this lipid-lowering drug on serum gonadotropins and sex steroids are also reported. Pravastatin produced a mean reduction in serum total cholesterol (T-CHO) of 24.7%, triglyceride (TG) of 30.0%, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-CHO) of 36.0% after treatment for three months. The drug also produced a mean increase in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-CHO) of 1.4% after three months. Serum follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), estrone (E1), estradiol (E2), and testosterone (T) levels were not significantly changed from pre-therapy levels in either pre- or post-menopausal women after treatment for six months. Pravastatin is well-tolerated for six months and is a very effective lipid lowering agent with no effects on the biosynthesis of sex steroids. These findings suggest that pravastatin can be used for treatment of primary hypercholesterolemia in women around menopause.

Climacteric↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Hormone replacement therapy in the climacteric].

Menopause is the physiologic state that is a consequence of the cessation of ovarian function. A large number of vasomotor, psychological and gynecological symptoms have been associated with menopause. Hormonal replacement therapy is effective in treating these conditions. The use of estrogens and progestins including dosages, routes of administration and their advantages and disadvantages are reviewed in this article. In addition, hormonal replacement therapy may reduce the risk of atherosclerosis and prevent the osteoporosis of climateric women. Hormonal therapy is associated with side effects but they do not contraindicate its use.

Androgens↗