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At least 1,639 records · Page 91Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Effect of nonadrenal illness on adrenal function in the cat.

Adrenal function was assessed by a combined dexamethasone suppression-ACTH stimulation test in 18 healthy cats, 17 diabetic cats, and 19 sick nondiabetic cats. In all groups, plasma cortisol concentrations decreased after dexamethasone was administered and increased after ACTH was administered. There were no significant (P greater than 0.05) differences among groups in time trend changes in cortisol concentration. There was considerable variation in adrenal response between cats in each group. Diabetic cats had more variation in base-line and postdexamethasone plasma cortisol concentrations (P less than 0.05) than did other groups. In sick, nondiabetic cats, cortisol concentrations tended to be higher in cats with hyperthyroidism (P = 0.06) than in cats with other diseases.

Adrenal Cortex Function Tests↗
PubMed1987

Hyperadrenocorticism in a cat.

A diabetic cat with hyperadrenocorticism had polydipsia, polyuria, ventral abdominal alopecia, thin dry skin, and a pendulous abdomen. Results of laboratory testing indicated persistent resting hypercortisolemia, hyperresponsiveness of the adrenal glands (increased cortisol concentration) to ACTH gel, and no suppression of cortisol concentrations after administration of dexamethasone at 0.01 or 1.0 mg/kg of body weight. Necropsy revealed a pituitary gland tumor, bilateral adrenal hyperplasia, hepatic neoplasia, and demodicosis. Adrenal gland function was concurrently assessed in 2 cats with diabetes mellitus. One cat had resting hypercortisolemia, and both had hyperresponsiveness to ACTH gel (increased cortisol concentration) at one hour. After administration of dexamethasone (0.01 and 1.0 mg/kg), the diabetic cats appeared to have normal suppression of cortisol concentrations. The effects of mitotane were investigated in 4 clinically normal cats. Adrenocortical suppression of cortisol production occurred in 2 of 4 cats after dosages of 25, 37, and 50 mg/kg. Three cats remained clinically normal throughout the study. One cat experienced vomiting, diarrhea, and anorexia.

Adrenal Cortex↗
PubMed1987

Pyometra in cats: 183 cases (1979-1984).

Pyometra was diagnosed in 183 cats. The most common signs detected by owners included vaginal discharge, anorexia, and lethargy. Main clinical findings on physical examination were vaginal discharge, abdominal distention, dehydration, palpable uterus, and pyrexia. Abdominal radiography revealed a large uterus in 138/169 cats. Most cats had leukocytosis with a left shift. Diagnosis of pyometra was confirmed at surgery in all cats on the basis of finding a large uterus containing purulent material. Clinical signs resolved in 168 cats after surgery; 15 cats (8%) died or were euthanatized. Postoperative complications in 20% generally resolved within 2 weeks after the cats were sent home. Signs detected by owners and results of physical examination in cats with pyometra were similar, but not as conspicuous as those reported in the dog. Mortality (8%) was similar to that seen in dogs.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

A trial of 13-cis-retinoic acid for treatment of squamous cell carcinoma and preneoplastic lesions of the head in cats.

Ten cats with a total of 15 cancerous or precancerous lesions were examined for clinical response to and histopathologic changes after treatment with 13-cis-retinoic acid. Before treatment was started, the lesions were graded according to clinical severity and biopsied for histopathologic examination. Serum samples were prepared for determining vitamin A concentrations. For comparison, serum vitamin A concentrations in 10 clinically healthy cats were determined. 13-cis-Retinoic acid (approx 3.0 mg/kg) was given to affected cats once a day for an average of 68 days. At the completion of the therapeutic trial, additional biopsy tissues were obtained for histopathologic examination, and serum was assayed for 13-cis-retinoic acid. Of the 15 lesions examined, only 1 showed partial clinical and microscopic improvement during the therapy period. The mean serum vitamin A concentration of the affected cats was not statistically different from that of the 10 healthy cats. The results of this trial indicated that 13-cis-retinoic acid used at this dosage, daily frequency, and duration did not have therapeutic efficacy for squamous cell carcinomas or preneoplastic lesions in the cat and that the mean serum vitamin A concentration did not differ between the affected cats and clinically healthy cats.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Antibody in cats to mammalian RNA tumor virus interspecies antigens.

The studies were undertaken to determine whether the cat, a mammalian species that carries xenotropic endogenous C-type virus(es) and in addition undergoes horizontally transmitted oncogenic C-type RNA tumor virus infections, responds immunologically to the mammalian C-type virus interspecies antigens. Sera from normal cats and from cats with spontaneous or virus-induced neoplasms were examined for antibodies to interspecies antigen antigen by complement-fixation inhibition, by inhibition of the paired radioiodine-labeled antibody technique (PRILAT inhibition), and by two-step radioimmunoelectrophoresis. Using three separate complement-fixation inhibition systems designed to detect antibodies to interspecies antigen(s), 23 of 23 sera from tumor-bearing cats and 24 of 31 sera from normal cats were positive in both systems. The negative sera were from germ-free cats. Among the 49 positive sera, 47 yielded titers of 1:16 or greater by one or more complement-fixation inhibition tests. Of these 47 sera, 42 were positive by the paired radioiodine-labeled antibody technique inhibition test; the 5 paired radioiodine-labeled antibody technique-negative sera were from normal specific-pathogen-free cats. Direct reaction with the interspecies determinant on the p30 protein from Rauscher murine leukemia virus by immunoglobulin from cats immunized with feline leukemia virus was shown by two-step radioimmunoelectrophoresis. The feline antibody was also identified as an immunoglobulin by column chromatography and two-step radioimmunoelectrophoresis. These antibodies did not fix guinea pig complement during reaction with the interspecies antigen. That other mammals may produce similar noncomplement-fixing (guinea pig) antibodies to RNA tumor virus antigens is likely.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Insulin therapy in cats with diabetes mellitus.

Thirteen cats with diabetes mellitus were evaluated. Clinical signs included polydipsia, polyuria, polyphagia, lethargy, and weight loss. Results of physical examination included obesity, hepatomegaly, mild seborrhea sicca, muscle wasting, and dehydration. One cat walked plantigrade and was suspected of having a diabetic neuropathy. Persistent hyperglycemia, glucosuria, high liver enzyme activities, hypercholesterolemia, hyperproteinemia, and low electrolyte concentrations were the common laboratory findings. In 3 cats diabetes mellitus developed after megestrol acetate therapy; 2 of these cats required only temporary insulin treatment. In a 3rd cat, which had no history of receiving diabetogenic drug therapy, remission of diabetes mellitus also was observed. Serum insulin and plasma glucose concentrations were determined in 6 cats after administration of an intermediate-acting insulin (isophane insulin) and in 3 cats after administration of a long-acting insulin (protamine zinc insulin). The insulin concentration peaked 2 to 6 hours after the injection of intermediate-acting insulin and 6 to 12 hours after the injection of long-acting insulin. The lowest glucose concentration was recorded 4 to 8 hours after injection of intermediate-acting insulin, and 6 to 12 hours after injection of long-acting insulin. It was concluded that, although insulin therapy must be adjusted to the individual, the diabetic cat usually requires twice-daily administration of isophane insulin; however, the protamine zinc insulin can be given once daily for satisfactory control.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗
PubMed1981

[Feline rhinotracheitis in stray cats; to vaccinate or not to vaccinate?].

Report on a controlled field trial in an animal home housing both stray cats and animals which were boarders. In this home, a vaccine containing live attenuated feline herpes and calici viruses for intranasal administration was inoculated. The purpose of the trial was to find out why this vaccine which had been very successful in this animal home during the past years, showed disappointing results in stray cats in recent months. The necessary practical measures were taken to ensure that the required procedure should be complied with, i.e., every stray cat was vaccinated on the day of admission and was then held in quarantine for at least 24 hours. In the first group of fifty stray cats, only some local reactions following vaccination were observed. When vaccination was discontinued, feline rhinotracheitis became enzootic in non-vaccinated cats within a month. A second group of forty-five stray cats was then vaccinated with equally satisfactory results. It was found that feline rhinotracheitis can be controlled in stray cats even under enzootic conditions by intranasal vaccination on the day of admission and then holding the cats for at least 24 hours in quarantine.

Administration, Intranasal↗
PubMed1995

Response to high-dose radioactive iodine administration in cats with thyroid carcinoma that had previously undergone surgery.

Seven cats with thyroid carcinomas that had previously undergone surgical removal of neoplastic tissue were treated with 30 mCi of radioactive iodine (131I). Six of the cats had clinical signs of hyperthyroidism; 1 did not. There were no complications associated with 131I treatment, and clinical signs resolved in all cats. Technetium scans of 4 cats made after treatment did not have evidence of isotope uptake. In the remaining 3 cats, small areas of isotope uptake, the intensity of which was equal to or less than the intensity of uptake in the salivary glands, were seen. All 7 cats became hypothyroid after treatment; 4 required L-thyroxine supplementation. One cat was alive 33 months after treatment. The other 6 cats were euthanatized because of unrelated diseases 10 to 41 months after treatment.

Adenocarcinoma, Follicular↗
PubMed1995

Surgical treatment of hepatobiliary cystadenomas in cats: five cases (1988-1993).

Medical records of 5 cats with hepatobiliary cystadenomas treated by means of surgical excision were reviewed. All cats were examined because of lethargy or abdominal enlargement. A cystic liver mass was seen in each cat ultrasonographically. Postoperative complications did not develop, and none of the cats developed evidence of tumor recurrence. Four cats died 12 to 44 months after surgery. Two cats were euthanatized for unrelated problems, and 2 cats died suddenly 25 and 44 months after surgery; the causes of death were not determined in either case. One cat was alive and considered clinically normal on physical examination 42 months after surgery.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Effect of lente insulin for treatment of diabetes mellitus in 12 cats.

Ultralente insulin has replaced protamine zinc insulin as the treatment of choice in treatment of diabetes mellitus in cats. There is variability in effectiveness of ultralente insulin and problems with glycemic control develop in some cats. Alternative insulin preparations are sought when ultralente insulin is ineffective. Twelve cats with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus were treated with lente insulin. Clinical signs improved in 8 cats given lente insulin every 12 hours. Lente insulin was ineffective in 4 cats. Three of these cats were subsequently found to have an insulin resistant disorder. In 1 cat, lente insulin was ineffective because of short duration of action. Lente insulin is a viable treatment alternative when ultralente insulin is ineffective in achieving glycemic control. Ultralente insulin is still the insulin of choice for the initial treatment of diabetes in cats, because of the potential to establish glycemic control with once-a-day treatment.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Comparison of ethanol and 4-methylpyrazole as treatments for ethylene glycol intoxication in cats.

The efficacy of 4-methylpyrazole (4-MP) and ethanol as treatment for ethylene glycol (EG) intoxication in cats was compared. Twenty-two cats were assigned at random to 6 experimental groups. Cats of 1 experimental group were given only 4-MP; those of another experimental group were given only EG. Cats of 3 experimental groups were intoxicated with EG and given 4-MP at 0 hour or 2 or 3 hours after EG ingestion, and those of 1 experimental group were given EG and treated with ethanol 3 hours after EG ingestion. Physical, biochemical, hematologic, blood gas, serum and urine EG concentrations, and urinalysis findings were evaluated at 0, 1, 3, 6, 9, 12, 24, 48, and 72 hours, 1 weeks, and 2 weeks after EG ingestion or 4-MP treatment in cats of the 4-MP only group. The half-life of EG and percentage of ingested EG excreted unchanged were determined for each group. 4-Methylpyrazole treatment at 0 hour was most effective at preventing metabolism of EG. 4-Methylpyrazole was not effective in preventing development of renal failure when given 2 or 3 hours after EG ingestion. Ethanol given 3 hours after EG ingestion was successful in preventing development of renal dysfunction in 2 of the 6 cats treated 3 hours after EG ingestion. Of the remaining 4 cats treated with ethanol, 2 developed transient renal dysfunction and 2 developed acute oliguric renal failure and were euthanatized. 4-Methylpyrazole given 2 or 3 hours after EG ingestion was less effective in preventing EG metabolism than was ethanol given 3 hours after EG ingestion. Therefore 4-MP, at the dose found to be effective in dogs, cannot be recommended as an alternative to ethanol for treatment of EG intoxication in cats.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Epidemiologic observations on infection with Rochalimaea species among cats living in Baltimore, Md.

Cats from several sources in Baltimore, Md, were tested for seropositivity to Rochalimaea henselae and R quintana. Co-infection with Toxoplasma gondii or feline immunodeficiency virus was assessed as a risk factor for infection with Rochalimaea spp. Of 592 cats tested, 87 (14.7%) were seropositive for one or both Rochalimaea spp, although titers to R henselae were significantly higher than those to R quintana. Prevalence of seropositivity increased significantly with cat age and weight and was associated with seropositivity to T gondii but was not associated with gender. Prevalence of seropositivity was similar (12.5 to 14.4%) among groups of cats with some history of human contact but was higher among feral cats (44.4%). Whether cats are reservoirs or mechanical vectors of Rochalimaea spp that can cause diseases in people is still uncertain, but these findings indicated widespread infection of cats and suggested possible modes of transmission for Rochalimaea spp among cats.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1994

Surgical treatment of thymoma in cats: 12 cases (1987-1992).

Twelve cats with thymoma were treated by surgical excision of the tumor alone. None of the cats received radiotherapy or chemotherapy. Two cats died or were euthanatized during the immediate postoperative period: 1 because of postsurgical hemorrhage, and the other because of an associated fungal pleuritis. None of the remaining 10 cats developed evidence of local tumor recurrence or metastases. Six of the cats were alive after follow-up periods ranging from 6 to 36 months (mean, 21 months; median, 21 months). Three cats were euthanatized 18 months, 32 months, and 45 months following surgery for unrelated problems, and 1 cat died as a result of trauma sustained 62 months postoperatively. Myasthenia gravis developed postoperatively in 2 of the cats.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Efficacy dosage titration of lufenuron against developmental stages of fleas (Ctenocephalides felis felis) in cats.

Thirty-two mixed-breed male and female cats were blocked by sex, arranged by body weight from greatest to least, and allocated to 4 groups of 8 (4 male, 4 female) cats, using random numbers. Cats in each of 3 groups were treated orally with a 7% suspension formulation of lufenuron at dosage of 15, 30, or 45 mg/kg of body weight. Cats in the fourth group were treated orally with an excipient suspension without lufenuron. Cats were infested with newly emerged, unfed cat fleas (Ctenocephalides felis felis) on days -7 and -3 before treatment and at approximately weekly intervals after treatment. Flea eggs were collected from beneath each cat on selected days before and after treatment and placed in an artificial rearing medium. Flea eggs and medium were kept for 35 days in an insectary to determine effects of lufenuron or excipient suspension on emergence of adults of the F1 generation. Lufenuron was 100% effective in inhibiting development of C felis at all dosages for 11 days after treatment. Thereafter, efficacy exceeded 92% in all dosages groups. On day 32, when the study was terminated, efficacy for each of the dosage groups was: 15 mg/kg, 95.2%; 30 mg/kg, 98.2%; and 45 mg/kg, 99.6%. Adverse reactions or side effects were not observed in cats, regardless of treatment dosage.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1993

Nonsurgical removal of urocystoliths in dogs and cats by voiding urohydropropulsion.

A technique called voiding urohydropropulsion has been developed that facilitates nonsurgical removal of urocystoliths. Voiding urohydropropulsion was performed in 11 dogs and 10 cats with urocystoliths. Urocystoliths were completely removed from 15 of 21 animals (5 female dogs, 3 male dogs, 5 female cats, and 1 male cat). The number of uroliths removed from any animal varied between 1 and 983. The mean time required to complete voiding urohydropropulsion in the 15 animals from which all uroliths were completely removed was 22 minutes. In 6 animals (2 female dogs, 3 female cats, and 1 male cat), not all urocystoliths were removed. Visible hematuria was induced in all animals as a consequence of voiding urohydropropulsion. In dogs, visible hematuria resolved within 4 hours. Dysuria was not induced by this technique in dogs. In many cats, visible hematuria and dysuria persisted for 1 to 2 days. One male cat developed urethral obstruction after we failed to remove a urolith from the bladder. The urolith was returned to the urinary bladder, and subsequently removed by cystotomy. Voiding urohydropropulsion is a simple and effective method that should be considered for removal of small urocystoliths from dogs and cats before cystotomy is performed.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Immunization of cats with tissue cysts, bradyzoites, and tachyzoites of the T-263 strain of Toxoplasma gondii.

Previous studies have demonstrated that oral administration to cats of tissue cysts of the oocyst-negative mutant strain of Toxoplasma gondii, T-263, induces immunity to oocyst shedding following challenge. Experiments were designed to compare the levels of protection induced by T. gondii T-263 when tissue cysts, bradyzoites released from tissue cysts, and tachyzoites were administered to cats. In 1 experiment, groups of cats received 2 oral doses of intact tissue cysts or released bradyzoites of T. gondii T-263 and were challenged 47 days later with the oocyst-producing strain of T. gondii T-265. All cats seroconverted following immunization and none of them shed oocysts following challenge. In a second experiment, groups of cats received tachyzoites of T. gondii T-263 as a single oral dose and either 1 or 2 intraduodenal doses; they were challenged 60 days after the last vaccination. All cats seroconverted following immunization. Following challenge, all cats shed oocysts except for 2 of 7 cats that received 2 intraduodenal doses of tachyzoites. Thus, orally administered bradyzoites of T. gondii T-263, either contained in intact tissue cysts or liberated from cysts, induced immunity to oocyst shedding. In contrast, tachyzoites did not completely protect against oocyst shedding, even when delivered directly to the duodenum and despite the development of high antibody titers.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Comparison of N-acetylcysteine and methylene blue, alone or in combination, for treatment of acetaminophen toxicosis in cats.

Acetaminophen is widely used in human beings for analgesic purposes, but is one of the most frequent causes of poisoning in cats. Acetaminophen-poisoned cats develop methemoglobinemia and sometimes hepatic failure. To determine the benefit of using methylene blue, a treatment for methemoglobinemia, along with N-acetylcysteine (NAC), the recommended treatment for acetaminophen-poisoned cats, groups of 3 male and 3 female cats each were given methylene blue NAC, or both after administration of acetaminophen (120 mg/kg of body weight, PO). Male cats seemed more susceptible than female cats to acetaminophen toxicosis, because 3 males died of hepatic failure (2 cats given acetaminophen/methylene blue and 1 given acetaminophen/NAC/methylene blue). Although NAC alone seemed to elicit the best overall response, methylene blue, alone or in combination with NAC, may be useful in female cats.

Acetaminophen↗
PubMed1995

Flow cytometric analysis of punctate and aggregate reticulocyte responses in phlebotomized cats.

Five cats were made anemic by one-time phlebotomy, and their reticulocyte responses were monitored daily for 20 days, using manual enumeration and a standardized feline reticulocyte protocol developed and validated in our laboratory. The reticulocyte responses of 38 clinically normal client-owned cats also were analyzed manually and cytometrically to determine clinical reference ranges. Increases in the percentage of aggregate reticulocytes over the reference range were detected in 5 of 5 phlebotomized cats, using the cytometric protocol. Only 4 of the 5 cats had an increase by results of manual enumeration. Manual aggregate counts had considerable daily variation and often fluctuated in and out of reference range, whereas cytometric aggregate counts remained consistently increased for distinct periods. Increased numbers of aggregate cells could also be detected for longer periods when evaluated by flow cytometry. Increased numbers of punctate reticulocytes were detected in 4 of 5 cats, using the cytometric protocol. None of the cats had increased numbers of punctate cells when evaluated by use of the manual technique. Aggregate reticulocytes in the 38 clinically normal cats ranged from 0.1 to 0.5%, which corresponded to 8,487 to 42,120 cells/microliter. Punctate reticulocytes ranged from 2 to 17%, which corresponded to 225,400 to 1,268,584 cells/microliter. Flow cytometry, using a standardized analysis protocol, was a more reliable and sensitive technique for detection and evaluation of feline reticulocytosis than was manual enumeration. The sensitivity of the flow cytometer to small amounts of intracellular nucleoprotein makes this assay especially valuable for detection of punctate reticulocytosis and low degrees of aggregate reticulocytosis in cats.

Anemia↗