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PubMed1998

Some AIDS-related policy issues and nursing students' willingness to provide AIDS care.

Two thirty three diploma students from a Nursing School, in Delhi were surveyed anonymously to seek their opinion on some AIDS-related policy issues and willingness to provide AIDS care. More than one fourth of students opinionated that health personnel should be given a choice to refuse care to the AIDS patients and an equal proportion felt that authorities should be empowered to terminate the services of such personnel. Majority were in favour of making HIV testing compulsory for various high risk groups, indoor patients and health workers. Perceiving the risk of HIV infection, 41.2% students felt that girls might not opt for nursing career, whereas few (10.7%) were considering even to leave the profession. However, majority (58-72%) were willing to nurse the high risk individuals, if adequate training and preventive measures were provided in the health care settings. The study implies framing of an AIDS policy taking in to consideration the views of health professionals and imparting comprehensive training to the nursing students in order to promote a humane approach towards AIDS care.

AIDS Serodiagnosis↗
PubMed1989

Links from emotional distress to adolescent drug use: a path model.

Administered anonymous surveys asking about drug use, emotional distress, and peer drug associations to 11th and 12th grade high school students (N = 563). Emotional distress variables accounted for only 4.8% of the variance in drug use. The addition of peer drug associations as a predictor variable increased the variance accounted for to 43.4%. A path model of adolescent drug use based on peer cluster theory was tested using LISREL, and this provided a good fit with the data. As predicted, peer drug associations dominated the prediction of drug use and mediated the effect of emotional distress on drug use, with the exception of a small residual path directly from anger to drug use. The hypothesis that young people take drugs to alleviate emotional distress does not hold up well; emotional distress variables, with the exception of anger, produced only very small and indirect links to drug use.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Efficacy of an educational programme for secondary school students on opinions on renal transplantation and organ donation: a randomized controlled trial.

CONTEXT: Organ shortage for transplantation is a crucial problem; educational interventions may increase donations and decrease opposition. OBJECTIVE: To test the efficacy of an educational programme on opinions on organ transplantation and kidney donation. DESIGN AND PARTICIPANTS: Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial: eight intervention and eight control schools were randomly selected from the 33 public schools that agreed to participate. Targets: students in the last 2 years of secondary school (17-18 years); seven schools per group completed the study. EDUCATIONAL PROGRAMME: INTERVENTION: first questionnaire (anonymous); 2 h lesson in each class; 2 h general session with patients and experts; second questionnaire. CONTROL: questionnaires. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Differences between questionnaires (comparative analysis); interest; satisfaction with the programme; (cross-sectional analysis). RESULTS: 1776 first, 1467 second questionnaires were retrieved. Living kidney donation: at baseline 78.8% of students would donate a kidney to a relative/friend in need. The answers were unaffected by type of school but depended on sex (females more prone to donate, P<0.001); the answers did not change after the lessons. Cadaveric kidney donation: baseline opinions were mixed (intervention schools: 31.5% yes, 33.7% no, 34.8% uncertain), depending on type of school (classical-scientific high schools more positive than technical institutes, P<0.001), sex (males more prone to donate, P<0.001). Answers on living and cadaveric donation were correlated (P<0.001). The educational intervention increased favourable (31.5 to 42.9%) and uncertain (34.8 to 41.1%) opinions and decreased negative ones (33.7 to 16%) (P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Educational interventions are effective in increasing interest and improving opinions about cadaveric organ donation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Parental knowledge and attitudes of Minnesota laws concerning adolescent medical care.

OBJECTIVE: To determine parents' knowledge and attitudes of medicolegal issues affecting adolescent medical care. DESIGN: An anonymous, mailed survey with 16 questions concerning Minnesota consent and confidentiality laws that affect adolescents' medical care. SETTING: A community of >70 000 in rural, southeastern Minnesota. PARTICIPANTS: Parents of 600 randomly selected 7th- through 12th-grade public school students. RESULTS: Two hundred eighty-eight (48%) parents returned the surveys. Parents achieved a median score of 18.8% (range, 0%-93.8%) correct on a test of knowledge. Opinion was a median of +0.3 on a scale where -1 signified "a bad law," 0 signified "neither a good nor bad law," and +1 signified "a good law." Four questions, however, generated a more intense response. Seventy-seven percent of parents reported that, as a whole, the laws in the survey had no effect on them and/or their children. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that parents are not knowledgeable of Minnesota laws that affect adolescent medical care. Overall opinion of these laws was mildly positive, with notable exceptions. Parents also lack a sense of impact of laws affecting adolescent medical care. Lack of knowledge and the presence of certain attitudes allow for identification of issues that clinicians should address by incorporating medicolegal education into the care of adolescents and their families. These results are especially timely in light of the Parental Rights and Responsibilities Act under consideration in Congress, which would provide parents greater authority over their children's medical care.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Hepatitis B vaccination rates among staff at a district general hospital.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the uptake of hepatitis B vaccination by staff of a metropolitan district general hospital and associated community health service in order to determine if the existing vaccination program was adequate. DESIGN, SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: A cross-sectional survey of all 1464 staff of a 304-bed district general hospital and associated community health service, serving a population of approximately 240,000 people in a middle socioeconomic area of northern Sydney, by means of a self-reported anonymous questionnaire. RESULTS: The overall response rate was 56.4%, with 61.9% of high-risk and 48.7% of low-risk staff responding to the survey. The overall vaccination rate was 55.8%. Of high-risk respondents, 70.7% had been or were in the process of being vaccinated, compared with 29.4% of low-risk respondents. Of those already vaccinated, only 45.9% had subsequently been tested for antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen (anti-HBs); 12% of this group did not know whether their response to the vaccine had been adequate and 18% reported being advised to have another anti-HBs test later. Vaccination rates were higher in younger staff (68.7% of 20-29-year-olds) than in older staff (42.7% of 50-59-year-olds). There was no significant difference in vaccination rates between men (55.6%) and women (55.8%). Vaccination rates for doctors, dentists and nurses were 69%, 80% and 74.6%, respectively. CONCLUSION: The vaccination rate among high-risk staff is suboptimal: more than half did not know whether their vaccination had induced a suitable level of antibodies; more than 10% had been vaccinated more than five years previously; and 5% had not completed the full course of three injections. High-risk staff should be targeted in future vaccination programs.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Patient and practitioner characteristics predict brief alcohol intervention in primary care.

BACKGROUND: The effectiveness of an evidence-based health care intervention depends on it being delivered consistently to appropriate patients. Brief alcohol intervention is known to be effective at reducing excessive drinking and its concomitant health and social problems. However, a recent implementation trial reported partial delivery of brief alcohol intervention by general practitioners (GPs) which is likely to have reduced its impact. AIM: To investigate patient-practitioner characteristics influencing brief alcohol intervention in primary care. DESIGN OF STUDY: Cross-sectional analysis of 12,814 completed Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) screening questionnaires. SETTING: Eighty-four GPs who had implemented a brief alcohol intervention programme in a previous trial based in the Northeast of England. METHOD: GPs were requested to screen all adults (aged over 16 years) presenting to their surgery and follow a structured protocol to give a brief intervention (five minutes of advice plus an information booklet) to all 'risk' drinkers. Anonymized carbon copies of the screening questionnaire were collected from all practices after a three-month implementation period. RESULTS: Although AUDIT identified 4080 'risk' drinkers, only 2043 (50%) received brief intervention. Risk drinkers that were most likely to receive brief intervention were males (58%), unemployed (61%), and technically-trained patients (55%). Risk drinkers that were least likely to receive brief intervention were females (44%), students (38%), and university educated patients (46%). Logistic regression modelling showed that patients' risk status was the most influential predictor of brief intervention. Also, GPs' experience of relevant training and longer average practice consultations predicted brief intervention. However, personal characteristics relating to patients and GPs also predicted brief intervention in routine practice. CONCLUSION: Interpersonal factors relating to patients and practitioners contributed to the selective provision of brief alcohol intervention in primary care. Ways should be found to remedy this situation or the impact of this evidence-based intervention may be reduced when implemented in routine practice.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

HIV serosurveillance in Papua New Guinea.

To determine human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) prevalence in low- and high-risk populations in Papua New Guinea (PNG), anonymous unlinked serosurveillance was conducted in government-administered antenatal and sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinics at six sites beginning in June 1989. Although 3 of 1233 samples were HIV positive in a pilot study, none of 7948 samples was HIV positive during the first full year of serosurveillance (June 1989--May 1990). HIV-infected people are also identified in PNG through clinical diagnostic testing. Although underreporting is probably substantial, 45 HIV-infected people had been identified in PNG (population 3.6 million) through diagnostic testing between 1987 and the end of the first serosurveillance year (May 1990). In view of the steadily emerging clinical problem of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) in PNG, the negative results of serosurveillance required explanation. Three possibilities are proposed: 1) the sample size chosen could fail to detect a case 5% (or more) of the time under the likely conditions of this survey; 2) the populations chosen for surveillance may not, yet, be those in which HIV is circulating at this early stage of the epidemic in PNG; and 3) laboratory error could account for some false negative results. The first two of these, alone or in combination, are most likely. Limited surveillance continued in PNG in 1991 and 1992. By June of 1992, 5 of an additional 6035 serosurveillance samples had tested positive. All 5 were among 2000 samples from a single site, the Port Moresby STD Clinic.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Does color vision deficiency in the endoscopist influence the accuracy of endoscopic diagnosis? An anonymous study with Dutch gastrointestinal endoscopists.

Colors play a major role in the endoscopic diagnosis of many gastrointestinal conditions. Gastrointestinal endoscopists in the Netherlands are predominantly male (> 90%), and from population data it is to be expected that approximately 8% will have a color vision deficiency. The present study was designed to assess the prevalence of color vision deficiencies amongst Dutch gastrointestinal endoscopists and to determine whether color vision deficiency affects an endoscopist's diagnostic skill. One hundred and thirty-nine gastroenterologists and physicians of internal medicine took an F2 color vision test and assessed nine videofragments of endoscopies. Color vision deficiencies were detected in 8% of Dutch gastrointestinal endoscopists. In one out of the nine video excerpts of endoscopies, a statistically significant difference was detected between test subjects with and without a color vision deficiency. However, this video excerpt showed a green pea, which could not be mistaken for a polyp at polypectomy. The study therefore does not show any effect of color vision deficiencies on endoscopic skills, nor does it show any deviant prevalence of color vision deficiencies amongst Dutch gastrointestinal endoscopists.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Attitudes on euthanasia, physician-assisted suicide and terminal sedation--a survey of the members of the German Association for Palliative Medicine.

BACKGROUND: Due to recent legislations on euthanasia and its current practice in the Netherlands and Belgium, issues of end-of-life medicine have become very vital in many European countries. In 2002, the Ethics Working Group of the German Association for Palliative Medicine (DGP) has conducted a survey among its physician members in order to evaluate their attitudes towards different end-of-life medical practices, such as euthanasia (EUT), physician-assisted suicide (PAS), and terminal sedation (TS). METHODS: An anonymous questionnaire was sent to the 411 DGP physicians, consisting of 14 multiple choice questions on positions that might be adopted in different hypothetical scenarios on situations of "intolerable suffering" in end-of-life care. For the sake of clarification, several definitions and legal judgements of different terms used in the German debate on premature termination of life were included. For statistical analysis t-tests and Pearson-correlations were used. RESULTS: The response rate was 61% (n = 251). The proportions of the respondents who were opposed to legalizing different forms of premature termination of life were: 90% opposed to EUT, 75% to PAS, 94% to PAS for psychiatric patients. Terminal sedation was accepted by 94% of the members. The main decisional bases drawn on for the answers were personal ethical values, professional experience with palliative care, knowledge of alternative approaches, knowledge of ethical guidelines and of the national legal frame. CONCLUSIONS: In sharp contrast to similar surveys conducted in other countries, only a minority of 9.6% of the DGP physicians supported the legalization of EUT. The misuse of medical knowledge for inhumane killing in the Nazi period did not play a relevant role for the respondents' negative attitude towards EUT. Palliative care needs to be stronger established and promoted within the German health care system in order to improve the quality of end-of-life situations which subsequently is expected to lead to decreasing requests for EUT by terminally ill patients.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed2004

Minors' tobacco possession law violations and intentions to smoke: implications for tobacco control.

OBJECTIVES: To test: (1) whether citation under the Minors in Possession (MIP) law, vicarious citation (knowing someone who was cited), and threat of driving licence suspension are associated with decreased intentions to smoke next year; and (2) whether the policy is differentially enforced. SUBJECTS: 28,249 white, Hispanic, and African American students in grades 6-12 (11-18 years old) participated in the study. METHOD: The 86 item anonymous Texas Youth Tobacco Survey was completed by students attending 37 schools in 14 east and central Texas communities. RESULTS: Hierarchical linear modelling showed that MIP citation was unrelated to the future smoking intentions of most youth. However, there was a negative association between citation and smoking intentions for ever daily smoking youth at four schools. Threat of licence suspension was associated with a lower likelihood of future smoking intentions among ever daily smoking youth and vicarious citation did not deter youth from future smoking. African American and Hispanic youth had a higher probability of being cited than their peers. CONCLUSIONS: Threat of driving licence suspension has the intended effect upon youth who are/were committed smokers and MIP citation has the intended effect upon committed smokers at only four schools. However, differential enforcement of the law based on ethnicity may be occurring. Before drawing firm conclusions, current findings must be replicated with longitudinal data to determine the consequences of citation on subsequent tobacco use.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

In focus. Has patient autonomy gone to far? Geneticists' views in 36 nations.

We surveyed genetics professionals, patients, and the public about rights to information, to requested services, and to parenthood, posing difficult cases found in practice. In all, 2906 genetics professionals (63%), 499 primary care physicians (59%), 476 North American genetics patients (67%), 394 French patients (51%), 593 German patients (65%), and 988 members of the American public (99%) returned anonymous questionnaires. Results suggest a trend toward increased respect for patient autonomy since an earlier survey in 1985; in most nations more would perform prenatal diagnosis for a couple with 4 daughters who desire a son. A minority (35% in U.S., 14% elsewhere) would perform PND for a deaf couple who want a deaf child, but most (94% in U.S., 62% elsewhere) would do prenatal paternity testing in the absence of rape or incest. About half (51%) would support a woman with fragile X who wants children. The trend to respect patient autonomy was greatest in the U.S. and was least evident in China and India. In general, responses to these cases illustrate a shift away from population or eugenic concerns to a model of genetics focused on the individual.

Abortion, Eugenic↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Localization of a mutant gene for cleft palate and ankyloglossia in an X-linked Icelandic family.

Common congenital malformations such as cleft lip and cleft palate are in most cases multifactorial in origin, involving both environmental and genetic components. Molecular biology techniques have enabled the successful chromosomal localization of many mutant genes from disorders that exhibit simple Mendelian segregation, whether autosomally dominant (e.g., Huntington's disease), autosomal recessive (e.g., cystic fibrosis), or X-linked (e.g., Duchenne muscular dystrophy). Studying the genetic aspect of multifactorial disorders is more complex. It requires a model family or families within which the common multifactorial phenotype is displayed as a single gene defect. Such a model has been recently exploited in the form of a large Icelandic family (over 280 members) exhibiting X-linked secondary cleft palate (CP) and ankyloglossia (A) (tongue-tied) as a single gene mutation. Using this family and the large bank of well-characterized DNA probes available for the human X chromosome, the gene for CP + A was localized by linkage analysis to Xq13-q21.1 (LOD score = 3.07, linked to anonymous probe DXYS1). Further fine mapping, using other X probes from this region (confirmed by analysis of DNA from a deletion cell-line) has placed the gene between markers DXYS12 and DXS17 (LOD score = 4.1) at Xq21.3-q22. The approximate distance between these two probes is 5 centimorgans (cM), equivalent to approximately 5 million base pairs. Now that the limits of genetic linkage have been fully tested and there are two markers flanking the defect locus, strategies are being pursued to clone the gene responsible.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Cleft Palate↗
PubMed1991

[Euthanasia and assisted suicide by physicians in the home situation. 2. Suffering of the patients].

In order to assess the suffering of patients who died at home and with whom family doctors participated in euthanasia or assisted suicide, an exploratory, descriptive, retrospective study was carried out regarding primarily the period 1986-1989. Data were collected via anonymous written inquiry among an at random sample of family doctors in North Holland (n = 521), and family doctors in the rest of the Netherlands (n = 521). With reference to the last case of euthanasia or assisted suicide they had encountered questions were included about physical and emotional suffering, signs and symptoms and life expectation. Correlations and differences were analysed by means of the chi2-test. The response to the inquiry was 67% (non-responders did not otherwise differ from responders): 228 (North Holland), 160 (rest of the Netherlands) cases could be analysed. Most patients suffered physically as well as emotionally. The most frequently mentioned aspect was 'general weakness or tiredness'. Also 'dependence or being in need of help', loss of dignity, humiliation' and 'pain' were often present to a (very) large extent. At the time the procedure was carried out the life expectation in almost two-thirds of the cases was less than 2 weeks; in 10% of the cases it was more than 3 months. For several reasons, this investigation reduces the possibilities of extrapolation. Further investigation is necessary to determine whether this picture of suffering is specific of this category of patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Primary care practitioners: an analysis of their perceptions of voiding dysfunction and prostate cancer.

PURPOSE: We analyzed practice and referral patterns of primary care practitioners regarding the diagnosis of prostate cancer, and the evaluation and treatment of voiding dysfunction. MATERIALS AND METHODS: An anonymous multiple-choice questionnaire was mailed to all primary care practitioners in Brooklyn, New York who were registered with the Medical Society of the State of New York. RESULTS: More than 25% of primary care practitioners begin performing digital rectal examination after patient age 55 years. Compared to prostate specific antigen (PSA) 59% of practitioners believe that digital rectal examination is more sensitive or that the tests are equal, or they do not know. In regard to PSA 11% of respondents begin testing after patient age 60 years, 11% evaluate PSA only if digital rectal examination is abnormal and greater than 3% never evaluate PSA. Approximately 45% of primary care practitioners indicated that PSA of greater than 4.0 ng./ml. signifies prostate cancer regardless of patient age, prostate size or prostatis and 50% think that digital rectal examination elevates PSA in a clinically significant way. Although 93.2% of respondents refer a patient to a urologist after palpating a prostatic nodule, only 51.1% refer for an area of induration. Of the 47.2% of respondents who attempt pharmacotherapy for voiding dysfunction with finasteride, terazosin or both 15% do not know the agent mechanisms of action. Of those prescribing finasteride 68.6% are not aware of its effects on serum PSA. Overall 66.5% of primary care practitioners are not familiar with the American Urological Association Symptom Index while only 15% of those attempting pharmacotherapy use the index as a diagnostic tool. CONCLUSIONS: Primary care practitioners might require further education in regard to the use of PSA, digital rectal examination and pharmacotherapy in voiding dysfunction. Consideration should be given to the establishment of guidelines for urological referral.

Humans↗
PubMed2006

Recommendations for improving the home office project licence abstracts.

The Freedom of Information Act 2000 prompted the Government to evaluate how public understanding about the use of animals in scientific research can be improved and how animal experimentation is regulated within the UK. This resulted in the publication of anonymous project licence abstracts. Here, the abstracts published between December 2004 and October 2005 have been evaluated, by using a scoring system which takes into account their content and format, in order to assess whether they provide information that will facilitate the increased implementation of reduction, refinement and replacement strategies. The potential impact of freely-available Home Office project licence abstracts on public attitudes to animal testing and on the quality of animal-based research, is also discussed. Although some abstracts scored well, in general, the abstracts were found to be severely lacking in detail about the welfare of experimental animals. Thus, the abstracts tend to present a distorted picture of animal-based research. Many abstracts lack the details which would reveal how the licensing criteria had been met. It is concluded that, in their current form, the project abstracts are not sufficiently informative. A number of recommendations are made, which address this problem.

Access to Information↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Applying the theory of reasoned action to AIDS risk behavior: condom use among black women.

This study tested hypotheses regarding attitudinal and normative influences on intentions to use condoms, a practice that would reduce women's risk of sexually transmitted HIV infection. Participants were 103 sexually active unmarried black women undergraduates at an inner-city commuter university, in an area with a high rate of reported AIDS cases among women. Consistent with the theory of reasoned action, multiple regression analysis on women's anonymous responses to a mailed survey revealed that those who registered more favorable attitudes toward condoms and those who perceived subjective norms more supportive of condom use reported firmer intentions to use condoms in the next three months. Key behavioral beliefs related to attitudes centered on the adverse effects of condom use on sexual enjoyment. Key normative influences were respondents' sexual partners and mothers. However, women's own attitudes were a stronger determinant of intentions to use condoms than were their perceptions of normative influences, particularly among women with above-average AIDS knowledge. The results suggest that the theory of reasoned action provides a potentially useful conceptual framework for interventions to change a key AIDS risk behavior among women.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed2001

Successful implementation of perinatal HIV prevention guidelines. A multistate surveillance evaluation.

In 1994, zidovudine (ZDV) was demonstrated to substantially reduce perinatal transmission of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Guidelines regarding the use of ZDV to reduce transmission and regarding counseling and voluntary testing of pregnant women were issued in 1994 and 1995, respectively. Surveillance methods were used to evaluate the implementation of these guidelines and to understand reasons for continued perinatal transmission of HIV. Population-based enhanced perinatal surveillance was used in seven states to collect information regarding mother-infant pairs in 1993, 1995, and 1996. Birth registries and HIV/Acquired immunodeficiency virus (AIDS) registries were matched to determine the number of HIV-infected women with diagnosis before delivery. Supplemental epidemiologic information was collected for 1,321 pairs. The estimated total number of HIV-infected women giving birth each year was derived from the Survey of Childbearing Women, an anonymous serologic survey of the prevalence of HIV infection among women giving birth. From 1993 through 1996, the proportion of HIV-infected women with diagnosis before delivery increased from 70% to 80%. The proportion of women with a diagnosis who received ZDV prenatally increased from 27% to 83% and intrapartum, 6% to 75%; for neonates, the increase was from 8% to 77%. Overall, 14% of women received no or only one prenatal care visit. A total of 36% of women who used illicit drugs during pregnancy had not had prenatal care. Of the children who received any ZDV, 8% were infected compared with 16% of those who received no ZDV. ZDV, used for treating pregnant HIV-infected women, has been rapidly adopted in clinical practice and has reduced the transmission of HIV. To achieve continued declines in perinatal transmission of HIV infection, continued progress is needed in the following areas: a) increases in the proportion of women who receive prenatal care and an HIV diagnosis; and b) implementation of rapid testing methods (when licensed rapid tests are available) or rapid turnaround of standard tests (expedited EIA tests).

AIDS Serodiagnosis↗
PubMed2006

[Neonatal screening of hemoglobinopathies and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in Catalonia. Pilot study in anonymous not related population].

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: This was a preliminary study on the prevalence of the HbS gene, associated with sickle cell disease, other hemoglobinopathies and G6PD deficiency of immigrant and non-immigrant population of Catalonia. PATIENTS AND METHOD: A total of 3,189 blood samples from the Catalan Neonatal Screening Program for Metabolic Diseases (CNSPMD) including 1,620 from immigrant population were screened for haemoglobinopathies and G6PD deficiency. For screening of hemoglobinopathies the high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was used and for the screening of G6PD deficiency, we used the fluorescent spot test as described by ICSH. RESULTS: 1. Hemoglobinopathies: in 47 samples from immigrant population 2 cases of sickle cell anemia (phenotypes FS and FSC) were detected as well as 45 cases of heterozygote carriers of different pathological hemoglobins (HbS, HbC, HbD and HbE). 2. G6PD deficiency: in 29 samples, 3 cases of G6PD deficiency belonging to local (non-immigrant) population of G6PD were detected. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of sickle cell disease in the risk population of Catalonia is 1 case out of 810 samples. This value is significantly higher than that reported for any of the metabolic diseases included in the CNSPMD. Despite it is a preliminary study, the results obtained give further support to the convenience of incorporating a neonatal screening of hemoglobinopathies, at least in the risk population, to the official programs of newborn screening. Due to its feasibility and low cost, a similar criterion might be adopted for the neonatal screening of G6PD deficiency.

Emigration and Immigration↗