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PubMed1984

Effect of gonadectomy and adrenalectomy on steroid hormone content in rat submaxillary gland.

In male rats the adrenals appear to be a main source of progestagen in submaxillary glands, while in female rats the same is true for ovaries and adrenals. In both sexes certain amounts of progestagens were found in submaxillary glands up to 21 days after gonadectomy and adrenalectomy which might suggest that submaxillary glands possess the ability to synthesize these steroids. In contrast, however, almost negligible concentrations of androgens in submaxillary glands were observed in male rats beginning from 3 to 6 days after castration from which it may be concluded that no androgen producing ability is present in this tissue.

Adrenalectomy↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Effect of adrenalectomy and hydrocortisone on insulin receptors of rat fat cell plasma membranes].

Specific insulin binding with insulin receptors of fatty acid plasma membranes is established to be intensified 10 days after adrenalectomy in rats due to an increase in the receptor number. Hydrocortisone administered for 10 days in a dose of 1 mg per 100 g of body mass to adrenalectomized rats for substitution therapy and to intact ones for 14 days in a dose of 5 mg per 100 g of body mass to induce hypercorticism inhibits the expression of insulin receptors of fatty plasma membranes because of their number and affinity for the hormone. The data obtained confirm information on an inhibitory effect of glucocorticoids on the expression of insulin receptors.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1983

[Compensatory hypertrophy of the adrenal glands following unilateral adrenalectomy in juvenile rats].

Left-handed adrenalectomy in rats aged 1, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 30 days produces compensatory hypertrophy of the remaining gland. Hypertrophy of the right adrenal is unmarked and variable depending on the time elapsed after operation (1, 3, 5, 7, 14, 21 and 30 days). The index of hypertrophy as regards one right control adrenal does not exceed 133.6%, whereas that as regards both control adrenals 66.2%. Zona fasciculata reticularis plays the main role in the increase of the dimension and weight of the hypertrophied gland. The body weight of operated rats is lower as compared to control, the weight lag being inversely proportional to the animal's age at the moment of operation.

Adrenal Glands↗
PubMed1980

Cardiac denervation and adrenalectomy. Its effects on myocardial lesions of hemorrhagic shock in dogs.

Myocardial lesions were seen in dogs subjected to experimental hemorrhagic shock. In contrast, dogs that had been previously surgically treated by cardiac denervation and adrenalectomy, showed less myocardial damage. The latter group also had a substantially decreased myocardial I-norepinephrine content and a much lower plasma I-norepinephrine response to shock when compared with the control shock dogs. In contrast, "sham shock" dogs had no myocardial lesions, and normal myocardial and plasma I-norepinephrine contents.

Adrenalectomy↗
PubMed1980

Adrenalectomy enhances the induction of heme oxygenase and the degradation of cytochrome P-450 in liver.

The induction of hepatic heme oxygenase in response to cobaltous chloride (CoCl2) administration was examined in normal, sham-operated, and adrenalectomized rats. The basal level of heme oxygenase was elevated about 2-fold in adrenalectomized rats as compared to normal controls or sham-operated animals. The extent of heme oxygenase induction by CoCl2 was also increased about 2-fold above normal in adrenalectomized animals and was accompanied by an enhanced breakdown of cytochrome P-450. The initial decline (approximately 2 h) and the late rebound increase (approximately 16 h) of delta-aminolevulinate synthase activity caused by the metal administration were, however, similar for all three groups of animals. Hydrocortisone is known to restore the impaired inducibility of delta-aminolevulinate synthase by allylisopropylacetamide in adrenalectomized rats. In this study, treatment with hydrocortisone prevented the exaggerated metal induction of heme oxygenase but did not affect the associated initial decline or the late rebound of delta-aminolevulinate synthase. These data indicate that hydrocortisone and adrenalectomy can significantly influence the extent of the induction of heme oxygenase produced by CoCl2, but that both the initial decline and the rebound induction of delta-aminolevulinate synthase associated with this metal treatment are apparently independent of these endocrine controls.

5-Aminolevulinate Synthetase↗
PubMed1982

The effect of bilateral fetal adrenalectomy on the concentration of ovine placental lactogen in pregnant ewe plasma.

The concentrations of ovine placental lactogen in the plasma of ewes, carrying intact or bilaterally adrenalectomized fetuses, were compared over the last third of gestation. The results were grouped into 10 day periods from 100 days of gestation until term or Caesarean delivery. In ewes carrying intact fetuses, plasma placental lactogen concentrations were 147.8 +/- 64 [5 (21)], 252.5 +/- 137.5 [5 (15)], 341.2 +/- 256.7 [6 (22)], 431.1 +/- 366.2 [6 (20)], 435.1 +/- 314.4 [4 (17)], and 325 +/- 175 [1 (17)] ng/ml in gestational ages 100-109, 110-119, 120-129, 130-139, 140-149 and greater than 150 days respectively (mean +/- SD [number of animals (number of samples)]). In the same age groupings, maternal plasma placental lactogen concentrations in ewes carrying bilaterally adrenalectomized fetuses were 88.5 [1 (2)], 190.4 +/- 55.8 [3 (20)], 204.4 +/- 75.1 [6 (41)], 299.8 +/- 210.5 [5 (18)], 345.5 +/- 24 [2 (12)] and 271.4 +/- 60.3 [1 (3)] ng/ml respectively. There were no significant differences between these values in any age group. The conclusion was that bilateral adrenalectomy of the fetus had no significant effect on the concentration of placental lactogen in maternal plasma.

Adrenalectomy↗
PubMed1981

Failure of adrenalectomy to prevent the male-induced pregnancy block (Bruce effect) in mice.

Adrenalectomy failed to prevent the ovoimplantation block that occurs in newly mated female mice following exposure to alien males. No difference in the percentage of pregnancy failure in adrenalectomized females as compared with sham-operated or intact females was noted. It is concluded that the pituitary-adrenal axis is not involved in the Bruce effect and the stress-response does not adequately account for the neuroendocrine changes induced in newly mated females following exposure to alien males that lead to ovoimplantation failure.

Adrenal Glands↗
PubMed1981

[Incidence and clinical manifestation of ACTH-producing pituitary adenoma after bilateral adrenalectomy for Cushing's syndrome (Nelson syndrome)].

29 out of 39 patients bilaterally adrenalectomized for pituitary-dependent Cushing's syndrome between 1958 and 1979 have been followed up at regular intervals. ACTH-producing pituitary adenomas were detected and removed in 9 of them up to 1981. In 4 additional patients an enlarged sella turcica was already found at the time they had Cushing's syndrome, and therefore they were first treated by pituitary surgery or radiotherapy. In the adrenalectomized patients hyperpigmentation was the major clinical symptoms of the adenoma. Only in three instances did extrasellar growth of the adenoma cause ophthalmoplegia or narrowing of the visual fields. The existence of intrasellar ACTH-producing microadenomas in 5 additional patients seems highly probable in view of hyperpigmentation, excessively elevated plasma ACTH concentrations and radiological evidence of sella deformations. These observations indicate that in patients adrenalectomized for pituitary-dependent Cushing's syndrome ACTH-producing adenomas are more common than previously assumed. Moreover, according to recent reports, ACTH-producing microadenomas are frequently found in pituitary-dependent Cushing's syndrome and are assumed by many clinical endocrinologists to be the primary cause of this disease. Therefore, bilateral adrenalectomy is no longer the undisputed therapy of first choice and it is necessary in each individual case to consider carefully whether an attempt to remove selectively an ACTH-producing pituitary adenoma by microsurgery might not be preferable.

ACTH Syndrome, Ectopic↗
PubMed1980

[Diurnal rhythm of mitoses and rate of cell renewal in rat tissues following adrenalectomy].

Numbers of mitoses and of colchicine mitoses, and the duration of mitosis in corneal and tongue epithelium as well as in hepatocytes of intact and adrenalectomized rats have been studied in dynamics within 24 hours. In the control animals, the 24 hours rhythm of mitotic activity and the duration of mitosis were established. The length of mitosis falls during the high rate mitotic activity to increase when the number of dividing cells is reduced. Adrenalectomy results in decreasing the amplitude of mitotic activity fluctuations and in diminishing the amount cells entering mitosis during the 24 hours period. The rate of physiological regeneration in tissues of adrenalectomized animals is reduced. Different sensibilities of investigated tissues to adrenal cortex hormones deficiency have been revealed.

Adrenal Glands↗
PubMed1995

[Laparoscopic transperitoneal adrenalectomy].

The laparoscopic transperitoneal adrenalectomy combines the advantages of the conventional transperitoneal approach with the well known advantages of minimally invasive surgery. The positive personal experience in 5 patients and the results of the literature are reported. According to these data we are dealing with a safe procedure requiring an acceptable operating time, little postoperative pain of short duration, fast recovery and a short postoperative in-hospital stay. Indications are benign non-hormone- as well as hormone-producing adrenal lesions. Until now there are no definitive size limitations. Malignant tumors should continue to be operated conventionally.

Adrenal Gland Diseases↗
PubMed1995

Is ipsilateral adrenalectomy a necessary component of radical nephrectomy?

Due to the increased use of modern imaging systems during the last few years, kidney tumors are often diagnosed at an earlier and less advanced stage. This fact implies a reevaluation of the operative technique of radical nephrectomy that was recommended 30 years ago. The ipsilateral adrenal involvement during radical nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma is assessed and the necessity of its extirpation is discussed. Between September 1987 and September 1993, we performed 299 radical nephrectomies for renal cell carcinoma and removed 285 ipsilateral adrenal glands. Eleven adrenal glands (3.8%) were involved with the kidney tumor and 274 (96.2%) were free of disease. In 7 of the adrenal gland involved cases (63.6%) the tumor invaded the gland by direct extension from the superior pole of the kidney. In the other 4 cases the ipsilateral adrenal gland was affected by a metastatic lesion. In all 11 adrenal gland involved cases the tumors were at an advanced stage (the lowest was stage pT3N1). Our results led us to recommend adrenalectomy during radical nephrectomy only when direct extension of the kidney tumor into the gland is suspected (upper pole or large tumors) or when the adrenal is the site of a single metastasis. Macroscopically normal adrenal glands at radical nephrectomy should not be routinely extirpated. Metastatic renal cell carcinoma (not by contiguity) in the ipsilateral adrenal gland should be regarded as a stage M+ (distant metastasis) tumor.

Adrenal Gland Neoplasms↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Neuroendocrine modulation of tumor metastases. I. Effect of adrenalectomy on B16 melanoma metastases.

There is increasing evidence to suggest a link between the neuroendocrine system and the immune system. Since it is well known that the immune response influences the establishment, progression or elimination of malignancy, we have examined the effects of adrenalectomy on B16 melanoma pulmonary tumor metastases and immune function in C57BL/6 mice to investigate the role of adrenal corticosteroids. Adrenalectomized mice were injected with 10(5) B16 melanoma cells on day 0. On day 9 the mice were sacrificed and the number of lung colonies counted. Adrenalectomized animals had a greater than 3 to 4-fold increase in the number of metastases as compared with sham operated animals. Steroid replacement therapy using dexamethasone delivered at 1 microgram/hr did not lead to any reduction in tumor metastases in adrenalectomized animals. These studies indicate that normal levels of adrenal steroids may influence the ability of tumor cells to colonize target organs and/or the ability of the immune system to mount an effective response.

Adrenalectomy↗
PubMed1995

[The catecholamine concentrations of collected autologous blood during adrenalectomy for pheochromocytoma].

We studied the catecholamine concentrations in collected autologous blood of a patient undergoing adrenalectomy for pheochromocytoma. In the preoperative laboratory data, plasma concentrations (normal ranges) of epinephrine, norepinephrine and dopamine were 60180 pg.ml-1 (< 100), 11090 pg.ml-1 (100-450) and 104 pg.ml-1 (< 20), respectively. The catecholamine levels of collected blood were epinephrine 2490000 pg.ml-1, norepinephrine 352300 pg.ml-1 and dopamine 6100 pg.ml-1 before wash. Wash of collected blood with 1000 ml saline diluted the catecholamines to epinephrine 212000 pg.ml-1, norepinephrine 18700 pg.ml-1 and dopamine 4900 pg.ml-1. Platelet activation by contact with tissue collagen or thrombin results in the release of catecholamine concentrated in the dense body. The mechanical stimulation by suction, roller pump and centrifugation during blood collection may accelerate the catecholamine release from platelets. Thus, saline wash hardly reduces catecholamine concentrations of collected blood from a patient with pheochromocytoma. In this particular case, plasma catecholamines seem to exceed the potential capacity of platelets in amount. The dilution effect for epinephrine and norepinephrine probably reflects the washout of greater amount of plasma catecholamines. However, saline wash was unable to reduce catecholamines contained in the collected blood to a safe level, and hypertension following autotransfusion was predictable. We conclude that hemodynamic change should be monitored carefully during intraoperative autotransfusion in a case of pheochromocytoma.

Adrenal Gland Neoplasms↗
PubMed1994

Extraperitoneal 'laparoscopic' adrenalectomy.

The technique of extraperitoneal 'laparoscopic' adrenalectomy is described in two cases, a left sided 1 cm Conn's tumour and a right sided 3.5 cm incidental non-functioning tumour. The extraperitoneal approach has the advantage of direct access to the adrenal gland without the need to mobilize abdominal organs, while maintaining all the advantages of minimal access surgery.

Adrenal Gland Neoplasms↗
PubMed1994

Aqueous flow in humans after adrenalectomy.

PURPOSE: This study was performed to determine if the circadian rhythm of aqueous humor formation and the aqueous humor suppressing effect of beta-adrenergic antagonists can occur in the absence of adrenally derived epinephrine. METHODS: Twenty-one human subjects who had undergone bilateral adrenalectomy were studied during a 28-hour period. The study was divided into four time periods as follows: morning 1 (8 AM to noon), afternoon (noon to 4 PM), night (midnight to 6 AM), and morning 2 (8 AM to noon). At 6:45 AM before the morning 2 measurements, one drop of 0.5% timolol was applied to one eye and one drop of placebo (artificial tears) was applied to the other eye. Topical fluorescein and a scanning fluorophotometer were used to measure the rate of aqueous humor flow. Twenty normal controls were studied in a similar fashion but did not undergo the morning 2 measurement. RESULTS: In the subjects lacking adrenals, the daytime rates of aqueous flow were 3.17 +/- 0.78 microliters/min (mean +/- SD) and 3.16 +/- 0.67 microliters/min for the morning 1 and afternoon periods, respectively. The rates in daytime periods were not significantly different from each other (P = 0.699). The rate of aqueous flow for the night period was 1.37 +/- 0.37 microliters/min, a 57% reduction from both morning 1 and afternoon periods (P < 0.001). The morning, afternoon, and night rates of flow in normal controls were not significantly different from the rates in subjects lacking adrenals. For the morning 2 period, the aqueous flow was 2.74 +/- 0.54 microliters/min for the placebo-treated eye and 1.77 +/- 0.38 microliters/min for the timolol-treated eye. The rate of aqueous flow was reduced (35%) in the timolol-treated eye when compared to the fellow placebo-treated eye (P < 0.001). The timolol-treated eye also showed a 26% reduction in intraocular pressure when compared to the fellow placebo-treated eye (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: The study demonstrates that both the circadian rhythm of aqueous flow and the daytime response to timolol persist in the absence of the adrenal glands.

Adrenalectomy↗
PubMed1994

Laparoscopic adrenalectomy in patients with primary aldosteronism.

Advances in laparoscopic surgery have changed our approach to many surgical problems. We describe a technique of laparoscopic adrenalectomy in patients with primary aldosteronism using an anterior transabdominal approach. The left adrenal gland was approached through the root of the transverse mesocolon, the right adrenal gland through the subhepatic space. The patients were discharged within 24 to 48 h with normal blood pressure after discontinuation of antihypertensive medication. This technique is safe and allows the patient to return to normal activity sooner than with conventional surgery.

Adrenalectomy↗
PubMed1993

[Anesthetic management of patients with pheochromocytoma for adrenalectomy using balanced anesthesia with continuous infusion of nicardipine and nitroglycerin].

Four patients underwent surgical removal of pheochromocytoma under balanced anesthesia with fentanyl, sevoflurane and epidural anesthesia combined with continuous infusion of nicardipine and nitroglycerin. Circulation was stable during the operation in all the patients. There were no serious hypertension and hypotension, arrhythmia and pulmonary edema during the postoperative period. We conclude that the anesthetic management of patients with pheochromocytoma for adrenalectomy using balanced anesthesia with continuous infusion of nicardipine and nitroglycerin is one of the most useful anesthetic methods.

Adrenal Gland Neoplasms↗