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At least 1,621 records · Page 90Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Human T cell lymphotropic virus infection in Guaymi Indians from Panama.

Preliminary studies found that 9% of Guaymi Indians from Bocas del Toro province have antibody to human T cell lymphotropic virus (HTLV-I/II). The present study enrolled 317 (21% of the population) Guaymi Indians from Changuinola, the capital of Bocas del Toro province and 333 (70% of the population) from Canquintu, an isolated rural village. Demographic information and family relationships were ascertained and subjects were screened for neurologic diseases. Serum specimens were screened by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for HTLV-I/II antibody and positives were confirmed according to U.S. Public Health Service criteria. Twenty-five (8%) Guaymi residing in Changuinola and 7 (2.1%) from Canquintu were confirmed seropositive. In Changuinola, antibody was virtually limited to residents greater than or equal to 15 years of age (24 [16%] of 153) and rates were slightly higher in males than in females; in Canquintu, antibody rates did not increase significantly with age and appeared higher in females than in males. In Changuinola, there was no evidence for household clustering of infection. In contrast, HTLV antibody among Canquintu residents clustered significantly by household. HTLV-associated neurologic disease was not detected in either population. The atypical seroepidemiology observed in both locations might be explained if the virus endemic to the Guaymi differed from HTLV-I previously described in the Caribbean basin and Japan.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

The expression of B cell surface receptors. I. The ontogeny and distribution of the murine B cell IgE Fc receptor.

The ontogenic appearance and lymphoid tissue distribution of the murine B cell IgE FcR (Fc epsilon R) was examined. Flow cytometry was utilized to study the expression of the Fc epsilon R on splenic B cells from mice of increasing age, as well as B cells from various lymphoid organs. A large panel of B cell tumors was also screened for the presence of the Fc epsilon R. The results demonstrate that the Fc epsilon R appears very late in B cell development, and is preceded in appearance even by IgD. In adult animals, the Fc epsilon R was found to be expressed on virtually all mature IgM, IgD bearing B cells, whether taken from the spleen, lymph nodes, or Peyer's patches. Further examination showed that B cells which had switched to express an isotype other than IgD, appeared to no longer display the Fc epsilon R. When surveying a variety of B cell tumors, the Fc epsilon R was found to be present on WEHI 279, an IgM, IgD-bearing lymphoma. The receptor was not found on pre-B cell, immature B cell, switched B cell, or secreting B cell tumors. Taken together, these results indicate that the B cell Fc epsilon R is expressed predominantly on mature, virgin B cells, and is lost after activation and switching.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Physical abuse of women before, during, and after pregnancy.

CONTEXT: Clinicians who care for new mothers and infants need information concerning postpartum physical abuse of women as a foundation on which to develop appropriate clinical screening and intervention procedures. However, no previous population-based studies have been conducted of postpartum physical abuse. OBJECTIVES: To examine patterns of physical abuse before, during, and after pregnancy in a representative statewide sample of North Carolina women. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Survey of participants in the North Carolina Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (NC PRAMS). Of the 3542 women invited to participate in NC PRAMS between July 1, 1997, and December 31, 1998, 75% (n = 2648) responded. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Prevalence of physical abuse during the 12 months before pregnancy, during pregnancy, and after infant delivery; injuries and medical interventions resulting from postpartum abuse; and patterns of abuse over time in relation to sociodemographic characteristics and use of well-baby care. RESULTS: The prevalence of abuse before pregnancy was 6.9% (95% confidence interval [CI], 5.6%-8.2%) compared with 6.1% (95% CI, 4.8%-7.4%) during pregnancy and 3.2% (95% CI, 2.3%-4.1%) during a mean postpartum period of 3.6 months. Abuse during a previous period was strongly predictive of later abuse. Most women who were abused after pregnancy (77%) were injured, but only 23% received medical treatment for their injuries. Virtually all abused and nonabused women used well-baby care; private physicians were the most common source of care. The mean number of well-baby care visits did not differ significantly by maternal patterns of abuse. CONCLUSION: Since well-baby care use is similar for abused and nonabused mothers, pediatric practices may be important settings for screening women for violence.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Structure from function: screening structural models with functional data.

Structural constraints derived from different antibody epitopes on human growth hormone (hGH) were used to screen three-dimensional models of hGH that were generated by computer algorithms. Previously, alanine-scanning mutagenesis defined the residues that modulate binding to 21 different monoclonal antibodies to hGH. These functional epitopes were composed of 4-14 side chains whose alpha-carbons clustered within 4-23 A. Distance and topographic constraints for these functional epitopes were virtually the same as constraints derived from known x-ray structures of protein-antigen complexes. The constraints were used to evaluate about 1400 models of hGH that were computer-generated by a secondary-structure prediction and packing algorithm. On average each functional epitope reduced the number of models in the pool by a factor of 2, so that 8 monoclonal antibodies could reduce the number of possible models to < 10. The average root-mean-square deviation of alpha-carbon coordinates between the x-ray structure and either the pool of starting models or final models ranged from 13 to 16 A or 4 to 7 A, respectively, depending on the pool of starting models and the level of constraints imposed. All of the final models had the correct folding topography, and the best model was within 3.8 A root-mean-square deviation of the x-ray coordinates. This model was as close as it could have been because the models were built by using ideal helices and those in the x-ray structure are not. Our studies suggest that epitope mapping data can effectively screen structural models and, when coupled to predictive algorithms, can help to generate low-resolution models of a protein.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed2006

Objective assessment of visuospatial and psychomotor ability and flow of residents and senior endoscopists in simulated gastroscopy.

BACKGROUND: Advanced medical simulators have predominantly been used to shorten the learning curve of endoscopy for medical students and young residents. Rarely have the effects of visuospatial ability and attitudes of intermediately experienced and experienced specialists been studied with regard to simulator training. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of visuospatial ability and attitude on performance in simulator training. METHODS: Eighteen surgical residents were included in the study. Prior to the simulated gastroscopy task, they performed a visuospatial test (the card rotation test). After the simulated gastroscopy task, they completed a questionnaire regarding flow experiences. Their results were compared with those of 11 expert endoscopists who performed the same tests. RESULTS: Total gastroscopy time was significantly shorter for the expert endoscopists compared to residents (2 min 11 sec, p = 0.003). There was also a trend of more mucosa inspected (p = 0.088) and higher efficiency of screening (p = 0.069) by the experts. The residents made fewer errors in the card rotation test than the expert endoscopists (2.5 +/- 0.8 vs 5.5 +/- 1.2, respectively; p = 0.034), and their visuospatial card rotation test results correlated better with their performance in the simulated gastroscopy. CONCLUSIONS: A virtual gastroscopy task presents more of an emotional as well as a psychomotoric challenge to intermediately experienced endoscopists than to senior experts. Our study demonstrates that these differences can be objectively assessed by the use of visuospatial ability tests, flowsheets, and an endoscopic simulator.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Facilities for complainants of sexual assault throughout the United Kingdom.

BACKGROUND: A sexual assault referral centre (SARC) is a model of service established to address the forensic and therapeutic needs arising following sexual assault. As yet, only a minority of urban areas in England are served by one, the rest of the United Kingdom (UK) being served by police victim examination suites. OBJECTIVE: To examine variations in service offered to complainants of sexual assault within the United Kingdom in 2005. METHODS: A purpose designed questionnaire sent to all areas of the United Kingdom. Data were received and analysed from 12 of 13 SARCs and 54 of 58 non SARC services. RESULTS: Very wide disparities in service, most marked between SARC and non SARC services. SARCs see a proportion of complainants from non-police sources. The non SARC services do not usually offer a forensic examination without police involvement, and a significant minority have so few doctors that they cannot provide a 24h rota for examinations. Inadequate numbers of forensic physicians are available for child examinations, and a robust service for 'acute child sexual assault' is virtually absent. Photodocumentation with appropriate safe storage is available in all SARCs, while 45% of non SARCs have no facility for photodocumentation. DNA contamination issues were perceived to be significant in many of non SARC services. Most non SARC services for adults do not provide baseline screening for sexually transmitted infection (STI) or offer prophylaxis against STIs. Follow up is by referral to local clinics which complainants may have to arrange themselves. Funded counselling is rare in the non SARCs with the exception of Yorkshire. CONCLUSION: In the non SARC services, lack of co-operative working with local health services, lack of equipment, and lack of 'in house' medical follow up arrangements is the norm. Many areas rely on the good will of a small number of doctors to provide a service without a rota.

Ambulatory Care Facilities↗
PubMedDate not supplied

High-throughput modeling of human G-protein coupled receptors: amino acid sequence alignment, three-dimensional model building, and receptor library screening.

The current study describes the development of a computer package (GPCRmod) aimed at the high-throughput modeling of the therapeutically important family of human G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs). GPCRmod first proposes a reliable alignment of the seven transmembrane domains (7 TMs) of most druggable human GPCRs based on pattern/motif recognition for each of the 7 TMs that are considered independently. It then converts the alignment into knowledge-based three-dimensional (3-D) models starting from a set of 3-D backbone templates and two separate rotamer libraries for side chain positioning. The 7 TMs of 277 human GPCRs have been accurately aligned, unambiguously clustered in three different classes (rhodopsin-like, secretin-like, metabotropic glutamate-like), and converted into high-quality 3-D models at a remarkable throughput (ca. 3s/model). A 3-D GPCR target library of 277 receptors has consequently been setup. Its utility for "in silico" inverse screening purpose has been demonstrated by recovering among top scorers the receptor of a selective GPCR antagonist as well as the receptors of a promiscuous antagonist. The current GPCR target library thus constitutes a 3-D database of choice to address as soon as possible the "virtual selectivity" profile of any GPCR antagonist or inverse agonist in an early hit optimization process.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Duchenne muscular dystrophy--contracture preventive operations of the lower extremities with special reference to anesthesiologic aspects].

So far there is no causal treatment for Duchenne muscular dystrophy up to now, it has been proven, however, that its course can be considerably improved by an early contracture-prophylactic operation of both lower limbs--mostly between age 4 and 6 years--as well as by a surgical stabilization of the spine before any progressive scoliosis appears, that is at the very beginning of the wheel-chair stage: Walking and standing ability can be prolonged for several years and a significant scoliosis can be avoided. A decisive prolongation of life can be achieved by treating the fatal respiratory insufficiency with timely started mechanical ventilation. Our first experiences have shown, that there is no proven justification for a reserved attitude against early lower limb surgery in view of modern anaesthesia. Malignant hyperthermia-reaction and hyperkalaemia are the known anaesthetic rise factors of operations in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. However, we could exclude virtually these rises by choosing the right anaesthesia and by a comprehensive monitoring routine. If need be, malignant hyperthermia can be treated effectively by using the obligatory antidote (Dantrolene). In view of an expected causal treatment in future, early detection of Duchenne muscular dystrophy by newborn screening ("CK-Test") as well as a comprehensive stage-depending treatment programme (early surgery/mechanical ventilation) are nowadays of outstanding importance.

Anesthesia, General↗
PubMed1992

Low molecular weight follicle-stimulating hormone receptor binding inhibitor in sera from premature ovarian failure patients.

Ovarian insensitivity to FSH, as observed in some patients suffering premature ovarian failure (POF), could conceivably involve abnormal regulation of local factors that modulate FSH action. Low molecular weight FSH receptor-binding inhibitor (FRBI) has been identified in ovarian follicular fluid and shown to be an antagonist of FSH action. Thus, we undertook these studies to test the hypothesis that elevated FRBI can account for the high serum levels of FSH as measured by RRA relative to RIA values in some POF patients. In order to accomplish this, 2 POF patients were selected from a group of 27 from whom serum FSH had been measured by RIA and RRA. Using a recently developed and validated RRA, FSH was 430 IU (second IRP-78/549)/L and 182 IU/L for serum from patients 1 and 2, respectively. FSH quantitated by RIA was 96 and 136 IU/L in these same serum samples. Thus, the RRA/RIA values for these patients were 4.48 and 1.34. These ratios are: 1) higher than observed for normal cycling women (0.62); 2) higher than observed for normal, postmenopausal women (0.65); and 3) at least 2 SD higher than the mean RRA/RIA ratio of the 27 patients screened. FRBI was separated from FSH in serum from both these patients. FRBI accounted for most of the elevated FSH measured in serum by RRA. The HPLC chromatographic behavior and binding inhibitory activity of FRBI isolated from a large volume of serum from patient 2 were virtually identical to previously observed characteristics of FRBI isolated from porcine follicular fluid. These observations demonstrate that FRBI can account for elevated FSH measured by RRA relative to that measured by RIA. Furthermore, the inhibitor can be biochemically separated from FSH and quantitated by RRA in order to study its postulated relationship to POF. Expanded studies to identify causal relationships between FRBI and ovarian insensitivity to FSH seem warranted at this time.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Subtotal hysterectomy revisited.

The advent of laparoscopic surgery has enabled gynaecologists to re-evaluate the traditional approaches to hysterectomy. Until the 1940's hysterectomy involved retaining the cervix because the simpler operation avoided damage to the ureter and prevented ascending infection, which was an important consideration before the advent of antibiotics. In order to reduce the risk of developing cervical carcinoma the cervix was traditionally removed at hysterectomy over the last 50 years. Since it is possible to remove the area where cervical carcinoma develops and with the development of an effective screening programme for cervical carcinoma, this needs no longer to be a consideration. A more logical approach to laparoscopic hysterectomy would be to retain the cervix but remove the transformation zone and in so doing there is less risk to the ureter, less postoperative urinary dysfunction, virtually no disturbance to the lower genital tract, thus resulting in little or no impairment of sexual enjoyment.

Cervix Uteri↗
PubMed1994

Molecular diagnosis of cystic fibrosis in Maritime Canada.

Many of the people in Maritime Canada can trace their ancestry to some of the oldest settlements in North America. Consequently, both founder effect and genetic drift can be shown to account for the high frequency of some genetic disorders and virtual absence of others. The birth prevalence rate for cystic fibrosis (CF) in Maritime Canada is similar to other North American regions, but we recognized that similar factors might apply to CF genotypes and thereby impair the accuracy of counselling based on molecular markers. We therefore screened the majority (53%) of our CF population for the commonest mutation (delta F508) and for frequency of haplotypes based on 4 linked RFLPs: XV2C, KM19, J3.11, and MP6d9. The proportion with the delta F508 mutation--100 (76%) of 131 CF chromosomes--was similar to that found in other centres. In comparing frequencies of XV2C and KM19 haplotypes on non-delta F508 CF chromosomes with those from a more heterogeneous Canadian population (Kerem et al.) and a Swiss population (Liechti-Gallati et al.), no statistically significant differences were identified. Extended haplotyping to include MP6d9 and J3.11 alleles revealed 3 new haplotypes, but the overall frequency distribution was not statistically different. We can therefore exclude substantial founder effects in our population. Genotype frequencies and recurrence risks for non-delta F508 CF genotypes can be used in counselling most Maritime Canadian families with cystic fibrosis. Further mutational analysis should focus on chromosomes bearing unique haplotypes and individuals from specific subpopulations.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Cystic Fibrosis↗
PubMed1993

Suppression in transformed avian fibroblasts of a gene (crp) encoding a cysteine-rich protein containing LIM domains.

Using cDNA subtraction and differential hybridization techniques, a cDNA library derived from normal quail embryo fibroblasts was screened for clones corresponding to genes whose expression was suppressed in v-myc-transformed, as compared with normal, quail embryo fibroblasts. One of the isolated cDNA clones corresponded to a 0.9-kb mRNA that was present in normal quail and chicken embryo fibroblasts, but was virtually absent from all transformed avian cells tested: quail embryo fibroblasts transformed by the v-myc, v-myc/v-mil or v-src oncogenes, cells derived from a methylcholanthrene-induced quail fibrosarcoma or v-myc-transformed chicken macrophages. Nucleotide sequence analysis of the original and supplementary cDNA clones indicated that the corresponding gene encodes a 194 amino acid cysteine-rich protein (M(r) 20,911). A database search revealed that the gene is the avian homolog of a human primary response gene (crp) of unknown function. Both the quail and human CRP proteins contain two copies of a cysteine-rich amino acid sequence motif (LIM) with putative zinc-binding activity that was previously identified in several proteins with presumed regulatory functions essential for cell growth or differentiation.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1996

Prevention of gastrointestinal cancer--the potential role of NSAIDs in colorectal cancer.

Gastrointestinal cancers are among the leading sites of cancer and leading causes of cancer-related deaths. Gastrointestinal cancers are often at an advanced stage at the time of diagnosis, and are highly resistant to non-surgical therapy. Thus early diagnosis and prevention are approaches that are under active investigation. Screening and surveillance are considered secondary prevention. Primary prevention is the use of dietary or environmental modification or chemopreventive agents. This written review will emphasize the potential role of acetylsalicylic acid and other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in the prevention of gastrointestinal cancer, and specifically colorectal cancer. Cell culture and animal studies have shown that NSAIDs possess anti-proliferative and anti-neoplastic effects. Recent epidemiologic surveys also suggest that individuals who regularly take NSAIDs, particularly acetylsalicylic acid, have about a 50% decrease in colorectal cancer incidence and mortality. However, in the only interventional trial of aspirin (and beta-carotene), a retrospective analysis had inadequate statistical power to demonstrate any protective effect against colorectal cancer. About a dozen small prospective intervention studies have been done in a total of about a hundred patients with familial adenomatous polyposis to test the efficacy of NSAIDs, particularly sulindac. All human trials have shown substantial partial and some complete regression of colorectal and perhaps also duodenal adenomatous polyps. But virtually all patients had regrowth of adenomatous polyps after sulindac was stopped. In addition, sulindac and other NSAIDs result in occasional adverse events such as gastrointestinal bleeding. Thus sulindac cannot be recommended for routine use outside of a study setting. One valid current approach to the prevention of gastrointestinal cancer, and colorectal cancer in particular, is the adoption of a healthy lifestyle and appropriate screening and surveillance. Screening and surveillance guidelines have been developed by several public agencies and their recommendations should be adopted. In addition, we should adopt a healthy lifestyle and diet, which consists of low fat ( < 30% to total calories), and high fiber (> 3 daily servings of fruits/vegetables), with the avoidance of red meats ( < 3 weekly servings) and alcohol ( < 2 drinks daily), and the absolute avoidance of tobacco smoking.

Adenomatous Polyposis Coli↗
PubMed2005

A computer-based procedure for assessing functional cognitive skills in patients with neurological injuries: the virtual street.

PRIMARY OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present investigation was to construct and pilot test a computer-based multi-tasking procedure that could be used to assess the ability of patients with neurological damage to remember instructions in the real world. RESEARCH DESIGN: A simulated street scene was constructed from a network of photographs and sounds that patients could move through using a touch screen. Three patients with severe, moderate or mild cognitive impairment were assessed on a range of neuropsychological tests and three multi-tasking procedures based in the street. The performance of each patient was compared with that of a matched control. PROCEDURE: Three tests were administered, each of which involved 'walking' along the length of the street once. On the first test, participants were given up to five errands to remember while moving along the street. On the other two tests they were given three instructions to carry out repeatedly (e.g. 'Record the name of the nearest shop when you hear a dog bark'). In one condition they were given the three instructions on a sheet they could consult and in the other they had no list. OUTCOMES AND RESULTS: In each case the patient performed more poorly on the multi-tasking test than the matched control. The patients' performance on the computer-based tests was consistent with clinical descriptions of their memory-related deficits. CONCLUSION: The results illustrate the way in which computer presentation of naturalistic stimuli can be used to construct flexible and standardized tests of memory functioning that have enhanced ecological validity.

Brain Injuries↗
PubMed2006

Phenotype of three consanguineous Tunisian families with early-onset retinal degeneration caused by an R91W homozygous mutation in the RPE65 gene.

PURPOSE: To identify the genetic defect, and to phenotype, three consanguineous Tunisian families presenting with early-onset retinal degeneration (EORD). METHODS: All accessible family members were included. They underwent blood sampling and ophthalmological examination including, when possible, full-field ERG and pupillometry. A genome-wide linkage analysis was initiated. Mutation analysis of the RPE65 gene within the linked interval was performed by bi-directional sequencing. RESULTS: Eleven out of 53 examined members were clinically affected with an EORD. Linkage analysis revealed a maximal lod score of 4.02 (theta=0.1) for the marker D1S207 on 1p31. Mutational screening of the RPE65 gene identified a homozygous R91W mutation co-segregating with the disease in all affected individuals. Eleven homozygotes had nystagmus and acuities ranging from CF to NLP. Two retinal patterns were identified: pattern 1 presented mid-peripheral deep white dot deposits and virtually no clumped pigmentation, whereas pattern 2 showed mid-peripheral pigmented clumps without any white deposits. Homozygotes had no detectable full-field ERG and an abnormal pupillary light reflex. Eleven heterozygotes had normal visual function. CONCLUSION: We identified and characterised an endemic form of early onset rod-cone dystrophy in a consanguineous population from northeastern Tunisia, due to the prevalence of a single RPE65 mutation. Two funduscopic patterns were identified: white dot deposits in earlier stages and clumped pigment in later stages.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Differential distribution of splice variants of estrogen receptor beta in human testicular cells suggests specific functions in spermatogenesis.

A growing number of estrogen receptor beta (ER beta) splice variants are reported. Several of these have been discovered in testis, but with few exceptions little is known about their cellular localization. The aim of this study was to identify and elucidate the mRNA expression pattern of the different ER beta splice variants in human testicular cells. Northern analysis was performed on whole testis and fractions enriched in germ cells from untreated men and from estrogen-treated men undergoing sex change surgery. Probes were constructed in order to systematically screen for and identify various ER beta splice variants. Several ER beta bands were observed in the human testis, in which splice variants constituted the major part of total ER beta transcripts. Interestingly, only two ER beta wild-type transcripts were detected. These seem to be virtually absent from the haploid germ cells and are probably mainly located in somatic cells and/or primary spermatocytes. Several novel ER beta deletion variants were found in high levels in the haploid germ cell fractions and were nearly absent in testicular cells from the estrogen-treated men. The cell-dependent distribution raises the question whether splice variants may have specific functions in spermatogenesis, and whether the differential splicing of ER beta is regulated in a cell-specific manner.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Selecting and screening recombinant antibody libraries.

During the past decade several display methods and other library screening techniques have been developed for isolating monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) from large collections of recombinant antibody fragments. These technologies are now widely exploited to build human antibodies with high affinity and specificity. Clever antibody library designs and selection concepts are now able to identify mAb leads with virtually any specificity. Innovative strategies enable directed evolution of binding sites with ultra-high affinity, high stability and increased potency, sometimes to a level that cannot be achieved by immunization. Automation of the technology is making it possible to identify hundreds of different antibody leads to a single therapeutic target. With the first antibody of this new generation, adalimumab (Humira, a human IgG1 specific for human tumor necrosis factor (TNF)), already approved for therapy and with many more in clinical trials, these recombinant antibody technologies will provide a solid basis for the discovery of antibody-based biopharmaceuticals, diagnostics and research reagents for decades to come.

Adalimumab↗
PubMed1991

Human gliomas and epileptic foci express high levels of a mRNA related to rat testicular sulfated glycoprotein 2, a purported marker of cell death.

Clone pTB16 has been isolated by differential screening of a human glioma cDNA library. Northern blot analysis has shown that pTB16 expression is several times (greater than 11-fold) higher in gliomas than in a primitive neuroectodermal tumor. This observation was supported by in situ hybridization and extended to nine other gliomas. Expression was virtually absent in adenocarcinoma cells metastasized to brain. Malignant gliomas showed stronger hybridization than benign gliomas, while blood capillaries did not show hybridization. pTB16 mRNA was also shown to be expressed in established glioma cell lines and at high levels in epileptic foci, indicating that expression of the gene may be limited to certain cell types and that its upregulation is not merely a consequence of cellular proliferation. Nucleotide sequence analysis identified pTB16 as the human counterpart for rat testicular sulfated glycoprotein 2 (SGP-2), whose function in the reproductive system remains unknown. Although SGP-2 transcripts, and hence pTB16, were recently shown to be increased in neurodegenerative diseases such as scrapie in hamsters and Alzheimer disease in humans, our observations with brain tumors and epilepsy are suggestive of a role for pTB16 in neuropathologies in general and support the hypothesis of its involvement in tissue remodeling and cell death.

Blotting, Northern↗