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At least 1,621 records · Page 90Linked to original sources
PubMed2005

New surgical approach for root coverage of localized gingival recession with acellular dermal matrix: a 12-month comparative clinical study.

BACKGROUND: Acellular dermal matrix graft (ADMG) has been used as an advantageous substitute for autogenous subepithelial connective tissue graft (SCTG). However, the surgical techniques used were primarily developed for the SCTG, and they may not be adequate for ADMG since it has a different healing process than SCTG owing to its different vascular and cellular structures. This study compared the 1-year clinical outcome of a new surgical approach with the outcome of a conventional procedure for the treatment of localized gingival recessions, both performed using the ADMG. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The clinical parameters-probing depth, relative clinical attachment level, gingival recession (GR), and width of keratinized tissue-of 32 bilateral Miller Class I or II gingival recessions were assessed at baseline and 12 months postoperatively. RESULTS: Significant clinical changes for both surgical techniques were achieved after this period, including GR reduction from 3.4 mm presurgery to 1.2 mm at 1 year for the conventional technique and from 3.9 mm presurgery to 0.7 mm at 1 year for the new technique. The percentage of root coverage was 62.3% and 82.5% for the conventional and new techniques, respectively. Comparisons between the groups after this period by Mann-Whitney rank sum test revealed statistically significant greater reduction of GR favoring the new procedure (p = .000). CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that a new surgical technique using an ADMG is more suitable for root coverage when compared with the conventional technique. The results revealed a statistically significant improvement in clinical performance with the ADMG approach.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

A descriptive analysis of health insurance coverage among farm families in Minnesota.

This paper reports the findings of a study of health insurance coverage and access to health services among farm families in Minnesota. The study included 1,482 families actively engaged in farming during 1989. While less than 10 percent of the population were uninsured during this period, the majority had limited coverage with high deductible and coinsurance provisions. Moreover, they were paying an estimated 15 to 20 percent more for their plans than a similar plan would have cost in the Minneapolis-St. Paul, MN, area. With the exception of cost, satisfaction with health services was found to be very high, and there were few indications of access problems.

Agriculture↗
PubMed1997

Public-sector immunization coverage in 11 states: the status of rural areas.

This report uses county-level immunization data generated by state public health agencies to explore the rural-urban variation in the delivery of childhood immunizations in the public sector. Public health department-documented immunization coverage rates for 1995 were obtained from 882 counties in 11 states east of the Mississippi River. To assess the possible association between public health department immunization coverage rates and county rurality, descriptive statistics were calculated. A multiple regression model then was estimated. In all states except West Virginia, nonmetropolitan counties averaged higher completion rates than metropolitan counties. Consistent with the descriptive statistics, in the regression analysis nonmetropolitan counties had average immunization rates 2.47 percentage points higher than metropolitan counties, even when controlling for county socioeconomic characteristics. For the 11 states in the analysis, rural children immunized in the public sector had higher completion rates compared with urban children. These data reflect the dependence of rural families on the public health system and the potential for successful health care delivery through public clinics. As new health care systems are brought into rural areas, the success of this existing avenue for care must not be overlooked.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Variations in health insurance coverage for rural and urban nonelderly adult residents of Florida, Indiana, and Kansas.

CONTEXT: Evidence exists for differences in health insurance coverage among states, but less is known about variations across different kinds of communities within states. PURPOSE: This article assesses the role of residential setting (metropolitan county, rural adjacent, and rural nonadjacent) in health insurance coverage for adult residents, under age 65, using data from large-scale surveys collected in 3 diverse states (Florida, Indiana, and Kansas). METHODS: Descriptive statistics are provided, and logistic regression models are used to examine the relationship between uninsurance status and residential settings while controlling for personal characteristics. Adjusted uninsurance rates by residential settings are presented for each state. FINDINGS: Residential settings are significantly associated with uninsurance status in 2 of the 3 states we examined. We find that adult Floridians of rural adjacent counties are more likely to be uninsured than those in urban counties, but, for Indiana residents, uninsurance status is comparable between urban and rural adjacent residents. Rural nonadjacent Indiana residents are more likely to be uninsured compared to those in urban counties. The insurance status of adult Kansans does not vary across residential settings. CONCLUSION: Residential settings are significantly associated with being uninsured, but the significance of this link between residential locations and uninsurance status varies from state to state.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Expanding health insurance coverage and the implications for dentistry.

Numerous proposals have been suggested for expanding health insurance coverage to the over 30 million Americans without health insurance. These proposals range from establishing a program of national health insurance modeled after the Canadian system to establishing statewide risk pools. Many of these proposals could have an impact on financial access to dental care for the approximately 120 million people without dental insurance. Dental insurance coverage has been shown to increase access to dental services and improve oral health status. Oral health professionals could facilitate discussions concerning health insurance expansion by informing policymakers about important preventive benefits to be gained by improving access to dental services. Dental public health professionals can serve as a bridge between organized dentistry and health policymakers by providing information to help formulate the priorities and characteristics of a dental health insurance program. This visibility and influence in the health policy arena would be beneficial to dentistry and could ultimately result in greater access to dental services and improved oral health for the uninsured.

Dental Health Services↗
PubMed1979

Size, scatter and coverage of ganglion cell receptive field centres in the cat retina.

1. Receptive field centre sizes of brisk-sustained (X) and brisk-transient (Y) ganglion cells of the cat retina were assessed by three different methods: small spot mapping, area threshold method and spatial resolution. 2. Centre sizes of brisk-sustained (X) cells increased from 20' in the central area to about 70' at an eccentricity of 4.5 mm, centre sizes of brisk-transient (Y) cells from 50' in the central area to about 140' at 5 mm eccentricity. 3. The scatter of centre sizes at one retinal location was measured by recording as many ganglion cells as possible in one cat in a small field of retina. The centre sizes of the individual classes were homogeneous and exhibited only a small amount of scatter. 4. The coverage of the retina by the different ganglion cell classes was assessed from their density and their receptive field centre area. At every retinal location the receptive field centres of seven to twenty brisk-sustained (X) cells and of three to six brisk-transient (Y) cells were found to overlap. Sluggish concentric and non-concentric cells taken together have a coverage factor of about 60.

Action Potentials↗
PubMed2003

Quality of coverage: conformity measures for stereotactic radiosurgery.

In radiosurgery, conformity indices are often used to compare competing plans, evaluate treatment techniques, and assess clinical complications. Several different indices have been reported to measure the conformity of the prescription isodose to the target volume. The PITV recommended in the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) radiosurgery guidelines, defined as the ratio of the prescription isodose volume (PI) over the target volume (TV), is probably the most frequently quoted. However, these currently used conformity indices depend on target size and shape complexity. The objectives of this study are to systematically investigate the influence of target size and shape complexity on existing conformity indices, and to propose a different conformity index-the conformity distance index (CDI). The CDI is defined as the average distance between the target and the prescription isodose line. This study examines five case groups with volumes of 0.3, 1.0, 3.0, 10.0, and 30.0 cm(3). Each case group includes four simulated shapes: a sphere, a moderate ellipsoid, an extreme ellipsoid, and a concave "C" shape. Prescription dose coverages are generated for three simplified clinical scenarios, i.e., the PI completely covers the TV with 1 and 2 mm margins, and the PI over-covers one half of the TV with a 1 mm margin and under-covers the other half with a 1 mm margin. Existing conformity indices and the CDI are calculated for these five case groups as well as seven clinical cases. When these values are compared, the RTOG PITV conformity index and other similar conformity measures have much higher values than the CDI for smaller and more complex shapes. With the same quality of prescription dose coverage, the CDI yields a consistent conformity measure. For the seven clinical cases, we also find that the same PITV values can be associated with very different conformity qualities while the CDI predicts the conformity quality accurately. In summary, the proposed CDI provides more consistent and accurate conformity measurements for all target sizes and shapes studied, and therefore will be a more useful conformity index for irregularly shaped targets.

Computer Simulation↗
PubMed2001

Control of glutamate clearance and synaptic efficacy by glial coverage of neurons.

Analysis of excitatory synaptic transmission in the rat hypothalamic supraoptic nucleus revealed that glutamate clearance and, as a consequence, glutamate concentration and diffusion in the extracellular space, is associated with the degree of astrocytic coverage of its neurons. Reduction in glutamate clearance, whether induced pharmacologically or associated with a relative decrease of glial coverage in the vicinity of synapses, affected transmitter release through modulation of presynaptic metabotropic glutamate receptors. Astrocytic wrapping of neurons, therefore, contributes to the regulation of synaptic efficacy in the central nervous system.

ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters↗
PubMed1984

Mechanism of bacterial resistance to complement-mediated killing: inserted C5b-9 correlates with killing for Escherichia coli O111B4 varying in O-antigen capsule and O-polysaccharide coverage of lipid A core oligosaccharide.

The interaction of C3 and terminal complement components with three isogenic strains of Escherichia coli O111B4 varying in outer membrane and capsule composition was examined. Strains CL99 and 1-1, which possess O-antigen capsule and 74 to 77% coverage of lipid A core oligosaccharide, were sensitive to killing in pooled normal human serum (PNHS) or magnesium ethylene glycoltetraacetic acid PNHS in the presence but not the absence of antibody, although 1-1 contained 35% more lipopolysaccharide than CL99 and was slightly less sensitive to alternative pathway killing. In contrast, strain 1-2 lacks O-antigen capsule but contains 84% coverage and resists serum killing in the presence and absence of antibody in both PNHS and magnesium ethylene glycoltetraacetic acid PNHS. All three strains consumed C3 and C9 when incubated in PNHS, but consumption was most rapid with 1-2, which also bound the largest number of C3 molecules per CFU. Between 15 X 10(3) and 24 X 10(3) molecules of C9 per CFU bound to CL99 and 1-1 during incubation in 10% PNHS or 10% magnesium ethylene glycoltetraacetic acid PNHS, and binding was relatively stable. Binding and release of 3 X 10(3) to 8 X 10(3) molecules of C9 per CFU was observed for strain 1-2. The majority of C9 bound to CL99 and 1-1 in the presence of antibody distributed with the outer membrane after lysis of the organisms in a French press, whereas only 16.1 to 20.1% of C9 was deposited on these organisms in the absence of antibody, and 31.5 to 39.8% of C9 on strain 1-2 with or without antibody sedimented with the outer membrane. Between 4.6 X 10(3) and 5.5 X 10(3) molecules of C9 per CFU remained bound in a salt- and trypsin-resistant form to the outer membrane of organisms that were killed, whereas fewer than 1.4 X 10(3) molecules of C9 per CFU were bound to the outer membrane of organisms not killed by serum. These results indicate that C5b-9 that is bound to the outer membrane of E. coli O111B4 in a form resistant to salt or protease elution correlates with bacterial killing.

Antigens, Bacterial↗
PubMed2026

Meta-CD: a metagenomic sequencing coverage and depth calculator for target species.

Metagenomic Coverage and Depth Calculator (Meta-CD) is a convenient, biologist-friendly tool for determining coverage and depth to enhance taxonomic detection, functional profiling, and metagenome-assembled genome (MAG) recovery in metagenomics. It supports experimental design and post-sequencing analysis, modeling how genome size, relative abundance, sequencing depth, and DNA quantity influence detection of target species.

metagenomics↗
PubMed2000

The quality of care and influence of double health care coverage in Catalonia (Spain).

AIMS: To analyse inequalities by social class in children's access to and utilisation of health services in Catalonia (Spain), private health insurance coverage, and certain aspects of the quality of care received. DESIGN: Cross sectional study using data from the 1994 Catalan Health Interview Survey. SETTING: Child population of Catalonia. PARTICIPANTS: A representative sample of non-institutionalised children younger than 15 years (n = 2433). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Health services utilisation, perceived health, type of health insurance (only National Health System (NHS) or both NHS and private health insurance), and social class. RESULTS: No inequalities by social class were found for the utilisation of health care services provided by the NHS among children in most need. Double health care coverage does not influence the social pattern of visits. Nevertheless, social inequalities still remain in the use of those health services provided only partially by the NHS (dentist) and when characteristics of the last consultation are taken into account. That is, subjects who paid for a private service waited an average of 14.8 minutes less than those whose visit was paid for by the NHS only. CONCLUSION: Equitable access and use of medical care services in relation to need, regardless of the type of insurance and social class of their children and families, has been achieved in this region of Spain; differences by social class remain for those services incompletely covered by national health insurance and aspects of the quality of care provided.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Cataract surgical coverage and barriers to uptake of cataract surgery in leprosy villages of north eastern Nigeria.

AIMS: To determine the coverage, outcome, and barriers to uptake of cataract surgery in leprosy villages of north eastern Nigeria. METHODS: People 30 years and above resident in eight leprosy villages were examined. Cataract blind people were questioned about the reasons they had not been treated. Subjects who had received an operation for cataract were examined to determine the outcome and, where applicable, the causes of poor outcome. RESULTS: 480 people were examined. Cataract was the commonest cause of blindness. The cataract surgical coverage (people) was 39.2% for orthodox surgery and 29.7% for couching. After surgery, visual acuity > or =3/60 had been restored to 82.1% of eyes that had had orthodox surgery, but only 58.6% of eyes that had been couched. Cost was the commonest reason given for not seeking treatment for cataract. CONCLUSIONS: Cataract is the major cause of blindness in this population but cataract surgical needs are currently not being met. There is a need for better collaboration between leprosy control and ophthalmic services, improved education of people affected by leprosy, a commitment to improving orthodox cataract surgery outcomes, and consideration of a possible role for traditional healers as sources of referral for orthodox surgical services.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Cataract in leprosy patients: cataract surgical coverage, barriers to acceptance of surgery, and outcome of surgery in a population based survey in Korea.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Cataract is the leading cause of blindness in leprosy patients. There is no population based information on the cataract surgical coverage, barriers to use of surgical services, and outcome of surgery in these patients. We sought to determine these measures of cataract programme effectiveness in a cured leprosy population in South Korea. METHODS: The population consisted of residents of six leprosy resettlement villages in central South Korea. All residents were invited to participate in a study of eye disease and interviewed regarding use of surgical services and reasons for not using these services. RESULTS: The cataract surgical coverage in this population was 55.4% when <6/18 was used as the cut off and increased to 78.3% when the cut off was <6/60. Barriers reported by patients included being told by the doctor that the cataract was not mature and a perception by the patient that there was no need for surgery. Among patients who had aphakic surgery, 71% were still blind in the operative eye while among patients who had pseudophakic surgery, 14% were still blind (presenting vision). Blindness in pseudophakic patients could be reduced to 3% with spectacle correction. CONCLUSION: Cataract prevalence in leprosy patients will increase as life expectancy continues to increase. Leprosy control programmes will need to develop activities aimed at reducing the burden of cataract. Recommendations include establishing collaborative agreements with ophthalmological services to provide high quality IOL surgery to these patients, training of health staff to identify and refer patients in need of surgery, monitoring the uptake of cataract surgery among patients needing services, and monitoring the outcome of surgery to improve refractive outcome.

Aged↗
PubMed1988

Improving immunisation: coverage in a province in Papua New Guinea.

The effect on immunisation coverage of applying guiding principles to the management of primary health care services in a province in Papua New Guinea is described. These principles were: (a) Each health centre should have a defined geographical area of responsibility. (b) Each health centre should be responsible for a defined population. (c) Each health centre should have defined target groups for immunisation and child health clinic enrollment. (d) An accurate and meaningful reporting system is essential. (e) Each health centre should receive regular feedback on its achievements. Immunisation coverage in the province, as judged by the proportion of children under 1 year of age receiving their second dose of triple antigen, improved from 57-67% in 1980-2 to 89-94% in 1983-4. Immunisation is the most cost effective preventive activity undertaken in child health care. The application of these guiding principles would be relevant in the United Kingdom.

Child↗
PubMed2001

Cancer screening coverage of south Asian women in Wakefield.

OBJECTIVE: To measure the cervical and breast screening coverage of south Asian women in Wakefield, compared with other city residents. DESIGN: Pairwise measurement of screening histories of women whose names appeared to be south Asian, and of non-Asian women matched by date of birth and general practice. DATA SOURCE: Computerised records of screening histories held by West Yorkshire Central Services Agency, for the eight general practices in central Wakefield. RESULTS: 67% of south Asians and 75% of non-Asians had acceptable (not overdue) cervical screening histories (chi(2)=13.75, p<0.001). 53% of south Asians and 78% of non-Asians had acceptable breast screening histories (chi(2)=8.5, p<0.01) CONCLUSION: Interventions should be designed to improve coverage for breast screening among south Asian women. The need for such interventions for cervical screening is equivocal.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

The cervical cancer screening programme in Norway, 1992-2000: changes in Pap smear coverage and incidence of cervical cancer.

OBJECTIVES: Changes in the incidence of cervical cancer were studied to assess the impact of the Norwegian coordinated cervical cancer screening programme introduced in 1995. Attention was given as to whether recommendation letters sent to women without a screen in the previous 3 years could be an alternative to a conventional screening programme that invites women irrespectively of their spontaneous screening. SETTING: A population based, nationwide, screening programme in which women of 25 to 69 are recommended to have a conventional Pap smear every 3 years. METHODS: The impact of the screening programme was assessed indirectly by comparing trends in invasive cervical cancer, changes in coverage, and changes in interval between Pap smears in the 3 year period (1992-4) before screening with the two first screening rounds (1995-7 and 1998-2000). All Pap smears taken from women of all ages were included, a total of 4 744 967 Pap smears from more than 1.4 million women. Further, the impact was assessed directly by logistic regression by comparing the screening results of women recruited for the programme with women who had regularly had Pap smears. RESULTS: In the last 2 years studied, the incidence of invasive cancer was 22% lower than in the period before the programme. The proportion of women who had a Pap smear was higher after the implementation of the coordinated screening programme. The number of smears taken was less as the interval after a normal smear was greater. The newly recruited women had a threefold risk of having a high grade precursor and a 20-fold higher risk of cancer than the women who had had regular smears. CONCLUSIONS: The coordinated screening programme provides a low cost way of increasing the coverage of the female population, and consequently has reduced the rate of invasive cervical cancer.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Print media coverage of research on passive smoking.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the extent and content of newspaper and magazine coverage of research on passive smoking. DESIGN: Content analysis of newspaper and magazine articles. SUBJECTS: Articles reporting on passive smoking research published in newspapers (n = 180) or magazines (n = 92) between January 1981 and December 1994. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Numbers of articles, conclusions of articles, sources quoted, numbers and characteristics of research studies cited, presence of tobacco advertising. RESULTS: The number of newspaper and magazine articles reporting on passive smoking research increased from four in 1981 to 57 in 1992 and 32 in 1994. Sixty-two per cent (168/272) of articles concluded that the research on passive smoking is controversial. Tobacco industry representatives were quoted significantly more often in newspaper articles (52%, 94/180) than magazine articles (12%, 11/92) (p<0.0001). Of 121 different research studies cited in the lay press articles, only 15 were from tobacco-industry sponsored projects or publications. In magazines, acceptance of tobacco industry advertising was associated with the conclusion that research on passive smoking is controversial (p<0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Although research on the harmful effects of passive smoking accumulated between 1981 and 1994, lay press coverage of the research maintained that the science was controversial. Few research studies were cited to support the industry's claim that passive smoking is not harmful to health. However, tobacco industry representatives who were critical of the research methods used to study the health effects of passive smoking were frequently quoted.

Cross-Sectional Studies↗
PubMed2003

Construction and characterization of a bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) library of hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and validation of genome coverage using locus-specific primers.

A BAC library of hexaploid wheat was constructed using the spring wheat cultivar Triticum aestivum L. 'Glenlea'. Fresh shoot tissue from 7- to 10-day-old seedlings was used to obtain HMW DNA. The library was constructed using the HindIII site of pIndigoBAC-5 and the BamHI site of pIndigoBAC-5 and pECBAC1. A total of 12 ligations were used to construct the entire library, which contains over 650 000 clones. Ninety-six percent of the clones had inserts. The insert size ranged from 5 to 189 kb with an average of 79 kb. The entire library was gridded onto 24 high-density filters using a 5 x 5 array. A subset of these membranes was hybridized with two intergenic chloroplast probes and the percentage of clones containing chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) was calculated to be 2.2%. The genome coverage was estimated to be 3.1 x haploid genome equivalents, giving a 95.3% probability of identifying a clone corresponding to any wheat DNA sequence. BAC pools were constructed and screened using markers targeting the Glu-B1 locus (1BL), the hardness loci (5AS, 5BS, 5DS), the leaf rust resistance locus Lr1 (5DL), and the major fusarium head blight QTL locus located on 3BS. These markers were either locus-specific amplicons or microsatellites. A total of 49 BAC clones were identified for 14 markers giving an average of 3.5 clones/marker, thereby corroborating the estimated 3.1x genome coverage. An example using the gene encoding the HMW glutenin Bx7 is illustrated.

Chromosomes, Artificial, Bacterial↗