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At least 1,621 records · Page 90Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

Multigate spectral Doppler velocimetry for fast assessment of intraplacental fetal circulation: a preliminary study.

The aim of this preliminary study was to investigate the assessment of the intraplacental fetal circulation with a new multigate Doppler system. Doppler velocimetry of the umbilical artery is widely used for assessment of fetal well-being, but its sensitivity is too low for prediction and early detection of pathologic placental processes. Intraplacental velocimetry is more accurate and detects pathologic conditions of the placenta earlier. Color Doppler imaging of intraplacental circulations is a difficult process, and the multigate system was developed to enhance the assessment of intraplacental circulation. This study shows that the multigate system is accurate and is a successful means of fast evaluation of the intraplacental circulation.

Female↗
PubMed1978

[The effect of pyritinol on the human cerebrovascular circulation (author's transl)].

The change in global and regional cerebral circulation after intravenous administration of pyritinol was investigated in 14 patients with acute or subchronic cerebral ischemia. The measurement of the cerebral circulation was performed by intraarterial isotope clearance with 133xenon using a multidetector apparatus. With a single administration of pyritinol (400 mg) there was a statistically significant increase in the cerebral circulation in the gray matter by 6.7 ml/100 g/min corresponding to 9.7% (p less than 0.01) 10 minutes after the end of the drug injection. In the areas of all portions of the brain with defective circulation there was a significant increase in blood flow by 8.9, 0.8 and 3.2 ml/100 g/min (gray matter, white matter, total substance), corresponding to 12.3%, 4.4% and 8.1%. In areas with a normal initial status, the increase in blood flow attained statistical significance in the gray matter only (p less than 0.05).

Brain Ischemia↗
PubMed1999

Diversity of response of optic nerve head circulation to timolol maleate in gel-forming solution.

PURPOSE: This randomized, double-masked, placebo-controlled, two-period crossover study was conducted to investigate the effects of 0.5% timolol maleate in gel-forming solution on intraocular pressure (IOP) and blood circulation in the optic nerve head in patients with untreated ocular hypertension. METHODS: The effects of 0.5% timolol in gel-forming solution on IOP and optic nerve head capillary blood speed were studied in 12 patients with untreated ocular hypertension. Optic nerve capillary blood speed was measured using the laser Doppler technique before and at the end of each treatment period. RESULTS: In each patient, IOP decreased after treatment with timolol (mean decrease 16.8% versus placebo). Systemic blood pressure and pulse rate did not differ significantly after treatment with topical timolol from values after placebo. The mean change from baseline in Doppler broadening was 10.6% greater after treatment with timolol than after placebo. There was no significant change in mean Doppler broadening from baseline after treatment with either timolol or placebo. However, optic nerve head capillary blood speed increased in six patients, and was within the range of placebo response in six patients after treatment with timolol. Spearman correlation analysis of the baseline with Doppler broadening measurements after treatment showed a correlation for placebo but not for timolol. The percent change in Doppler broadening after timolol treatment was correlated with iris color. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that administration of timolol for 4 weeks reduces IOP in patients with ocular hypertension and generally does not change the blood circulation in the optic nerve head. Individual patients, however, showed variable changes in optic nerve head circulation after topical administration of timolol. Although the sample size was small, these changes in optic nerve head circulation were correlated with iris color.

Adrenergic beta-Antagonists↗
PubMed1999

The coronary circulation: quo vadis?

This review examines past and present observations concerning the structure and function of the coronary circulation in health and disease. These observations are considered in the context of how we might proceed to increase understanding of this circulation in the future. The coronary microcirculation with its intimate relationship of capillaries and myocytes and the coronary venous circulation are identified as parts of the coronary circulation in need of further study. Observations using a laser Doppler velocimeter placed within the beating myocardium are presented. Such devices measure the velocity of red cells continuously (red cell flux) and can demonstrate that tissue hematocrit and hence oxygen delivery can be regulated independently of total epicardial arterial volume flow. Implications for the understanding of the pathophysiology of coronary artery disease are presented. As considerations are given to molecular genetic techniques to revascularize the ischemic myocardium we will require a more complete knowledge of coronary circulatory dynamics, myocardial support tissues' responses, and cardiac myocyte interactions to design appropriate interventions. The clinical trial is an appropriate clinical tool to measure effectiveness but a blunt instrument to determine pathophysiology. The purpose of the review is to suggest that advances in measurement of end points are required to permit the right question to be posed.

Coronary Circulation↗
PubMed1999

[Study of intervillous blood circulation using color and pulsed doppler ultrasound].

Studies of the formation and hemodynamics of intervillous circulation aroused great scientific interest in the past few years. The reason for this is development of the technology of color Doppler ultrasound, which can non-invasively in vivo follow-up changes in intervillous circulation during all three trimesters of gestation. The results of Doppler ultrasound measurements have been compared to histological and embryological findings. Different experimental findings and theories induced intensive scientific discussions about the timing of the formation of intervillous circulation, as well as about possible significance of hemodynamic changes in physiological and pathological processes in early and late gestation. In this review article we tried to acquaint the broader professional readership with this interesting subject, and to present our results and viewpoints after several years of the study of intervillous circulation with color Doppler.

Chorionic Villi↗
PubMed1999

[Occult fibrin production during surgery in cyanotic congenital heart defects and extracorporeal circulation].

In 10 patients with complex cyanotic congenital defects detailed coagulation examinations were made at the beginning and end of the extracorporeal circulation after neutralization of heparin by protamine and the results were compared with a control examination, made before general heparinization, after introduction into general anaesthesia. The authors examined the activated period of blood (ACT) by means of testing tubes with a celite activator (Hemochron) as well as the HR-ACT test with a kaolin activator (Medtronic) for comparison of the results. The authors assessed quantitatively plasma levels of heparin, antithrombin III and fibrinopeptide A which is a sensitive indicator of intravascular coagulation. They assessed also the fibrinogen level and total number of thrombocytes in the blood stream. The degree of haemodilution was recorded as well as the temperature at the periods of assessment. The values of both ACT test were within the range of values above 420 secs., evaluated according to the authors protocol as adequate for total heparinization during operations under conditions of extracorporeal circulation. Despite of this heparin levels lower than those recommended in the literature were found, as well as reduced antithrombin III levels during extracorporeal circulation and a rise of fibronopeptide A levels at the end of extracorporeal circulation which suggest latent fibrin production in the patients. Laboratory results were compared with clinical symptoms of post-operation bleeding. In 50% patients after surgery signs of increased haemorrhage in the surgical field and from thoracic drains were observed, in two patients the surgical wound had to be revised. Laboratory tests revealed in two patients thrombocytopenia after surgery, one patient had a prothrombin test reduced below 45% and in one patient there was a significantly reduced fibrinogen level calling for supplementation of this factor. After improvement of the laboratory results and surgical treatment haemostasis returned to normal. All patients survived the operation and were discharged from hospital to domestic treatment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Effect of nitric oxide synthase inhibitor on optic nerve head circulation in conscious rabbits.

PURPOSE: To study the effect of a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor on tissue circulation in the optic nerve head (ONH) of conscious rabbits. METHODS: N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) (1, 10, or 100 mg/kg), D-NAME (10 mg/kg), or physiological saline was administered intravenously to albino rabbits. A quantitative index of blood velocity, the normalized blur (NB), was measured in the ONH by laser speckle tissue circulation analyzer. The intraocular pressure (IOP) and blood pressure (BP) were also measured. L-arginine (10 mg/kg) was intravenously administered 20 minutes after L-NAME (10 mg/kg) injection. Acetylcholine (ACh; 10 microg/kg per minute) was infused for 15 minutes, with or without pretreatment of L-NAME (1 mg/kg). RESULTS: L-NAME induced a continuous decrease of the NB in a dose-dependent manner, but D-NAME caused no significant change. At 100 mg/kg, L-NAME significantly increased the IOP, mean BP, and ocular perfusion pressure, but the other doses caused no significant changes. When L-arginine was administered after L-NAME injection, the NB returned to its initial level and remained there. Pretreatment with L-NAME inhibited the increase of NB induced by ACh. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that nitric oxide regulates basal tissue circulation in the ONH of conscious rabbits and suggest that ACh increases the circulation by promoting nitric oxide synthesis.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed2000

Absence of reflex vascular responses from the intrapulmonary circulation in anaesthetised dogs.

The aim of this investigation was to determine whether reflex cardiovascular responses were obtained to localised distension of the intrapulmonary arterial and venous circulations in a preparation in which the stimuli to other major reflexogenic areas were controlled and the lung was shown to possess reflex activity. Dogs were anaesthetised with -chloralose, artificially ventilated, the chests widely opened and a cardiopulmonary bypass established. The intrapulmonary region of the left lung was isolated and perfused through the left pulmonary artery and drained through cannulae in the left pulmonary veins via a Starling resistance. Intrapulmonary arterial and venous pressures were controlled by the rate of inflow of blood and the pressure applied to the Starling resistance. Pressures to the carotid, aortic and coronary baroreceptors and heart chambers were controlled. Responses of vascular resistance were assessed from changes in perfusion pressures to a vascularly isolated hind limb and to the remainder of the subdiaphragmatic circulation (flows constant). The reactivity of the preparation was demonstrated by observing decreases in vascular resistance to large step changes in carotid sinus pressure (systemic vascular resistance decreased by -40 +/- 5%), chemical stimulation of lung receptors by injection into the pulmonary circulation of veratridine or capsaicin (resistance decreased by -32 +/- 4%) and, in the four dogs tested, increasing pulmonary stroke volume to 450 ml (resistance decreased by -24 +/- 6%). However, despite this evidence that the lung was innervated, increases in intrapulmonary arterial pressure from 14 +/- 1 to 43 +/- 3 mmHg or in intrapulmonary venous pressure from 5 +/- 2 to 34 +/- 2 mmHg or both did not result in any consistent changes in systemic or limb vascular resistances. In two animals tested, however, there were marked decreases in efferent phrenic nerve activity. These results indicate that increases in pressure confined to the intrapulmonary arterial and venous circulations do not cause consistent reflex vascular responses, even though the preparation was shown to be reflexly active and the lung was shown to be innervated.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Analysis of the inter- and intravillous placental blood circulation in high-risk pregnancies before and after the hemodilution therapy using the colour-angio-mode.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to examine the efficiency of a hemodilution (HD) therapy on the inter- and intravillous placental blood circulation in high-risk pregnancies by applying the colour-angio-mode (CAM). PATIENTS AND METHODS: 24 patients were examined who had fetal growth retardation and/or pathological Doppler results. In all cases the hematocrit was >36%. The patients were given 500 ml Ringer solution and 500 ml HAES 10% intravenously per day; maternal heart rate and blood pressure were measured continuously. Prior to and after the therapy the same area of the placenta was examined using CAM; histograms demonstrating the distribution of the intensity values and summation values of the color pixels were calculated. RESULTS: In 14 patients the fetal outcome was good. The histograms showed in 11/14 cases an increase of low intensity values indicating an improvement of the placental circulation. The summation value of the color pixels as measured by CAM was significantly increased after the therapy in these cases (p = 0.022). In 10 patients the fetal outcome was unfavorable. The histograms showed a decrease of the intensity values in 6/10 cases. There was no significant change in the summation values of the color pixels after the therapy (p = 0.139). CONCLUSIONS: CAM sonography demonstrated for the first time a local effect of the HD therapy within the placenta. In the positive case the placental blood circulation will improve and the pregnancy develops favourably (responder). In the negative case there is no change of the placental blood circulation and pregnancy must be terminated due to a pathological fetal heart rate tracing, fetal growth failure or hypertensive disorders (nonresponder).

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Detection of circulating cancer cells with von hippel-lindau gene mutation in peripheral blood of patients with renal cell carcinoma.

Mutations of the von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) tumor suppressor gene have been detected in up to 60% of sporadic clear cell renal carcinomas (RCCs). Even patients with RCCs believed to be curable with radical nephrectomy sometimes develop distant metastasis 5-10 years after surgery, suggesting hematogenous circulation of cancer cells. Useful tumor markers have not yet been established for RCC. To detect patients at high risk of metastasis after surgery, we developed a highly sensitive and specific nested reverse transcription-PCR method using VHL gene mutation to detect circulating cancer cells. We screened 29 sporadic clear cell RCCs from patients for mutations of the VHL gene by direct sequencing. We next examined blood samples from patients with the VHL gene mutation using mutation-specific nested reverse transcription-PCR. Somatic mutations were detected in 20 of 29 (69.0%) sporadic clear cell RCCs. The VHL gene mutations were detected in peripheral and/or renal venous blood from 15 of 20 (75%) patients. The mutations were detected in the peripheral blood in 2 of 17 (11.8%) patients before surgery, 6 of 16 (37.5%) patients within 24 h after surgery, 3 of 16 (18.8%) patients on day 7 after surgery, and 2 of 11 (18.2%) patients on day 30 after surgery. In seven of nine (77.8%) patients, mutations were detected in renal venous blood during surgery. These findings indicate the presence of circulating cancer cells with VHL gene mutation. Although much larger studies are needed to determine the clinical significance, our study shows that this technique is feasible for detecting circulating RCC cells.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

The active molecular form of plasma adrenomedullin is extracted in the pulmonary circulation in patients with mitral stenosis: possible role of adrenomedullin in pulmonary hypertension.

Adrenomedullin (AM), a novel hypotensive peptide, preferentially dilates pulmonary vessels rather than systemic vessels. This suggests the possibility that AM is a circulating hormone which participates in regulation of the pulmonary circulation. A recent study revealed that two molecular forms of AM, i.e. a mature, active form of AM (AM-m) and an intermediate, inactive, glycine-extended form of AM (AM-Gly), circulate in human plasma. In the present study we investigated the production and clearance sites and pathophysiological significance of the two molecular forms of AM in the pulmonary circulation in patients with mitral stenosis. We measured the plasma levels of AM-m and total AM (AM-T; AM-m+AM-Gly) using a recently developed specific immunoradiometric assay, and thus calculated plasma AM-Gly levels, in blood samples obtained from the femoral vein, pulmonary artery, left atrium and aorta of 28 consecutive patients with mitral stenosis (20 females and eight males; age 53+/-10 years). Patients with mitral stenosis had significantly higher venous concentrations of AM-T, AM-Gly and AM-m than age-matched normal controls (AM-T, 15.9+/-2.5 and 10.6+/-2.1 pmol/l respectively; AM-Gly, 14.0+/-2.1 and 9.8+/-1.9 pmol/l respectively; AM-m, 1.9+/-0.6 and 1.1+/-0.3 pmol/l respectively; each P<0.001). There was a significant decrease in the concentrations of AM-m and AM-T between the pulmonary artery and the left atrium (AM-T, 16.1+/-2.7 and 14.0+/-2.4 pmol/l respectively; AM-m, 2.0+/-0.6 and 0.7+/-0.2 pmol/l respectively; each P<0.001); however, there were no differences in plasma AM-Gly levels between the pulmonary artery and the left atrium (14.1+/-2.3 and 13.5+/-2.3 pmol/l respectively). The venous concentrations of AM-m, AM-Gly and AM-T showed similar correlations with mean pulmonary artery pressure (AM-T, r=0.67; AM-Gly, r=0.63; AM-m, r=0.59; each P<0.001) and total pulmonary vascular resistance (AM-T, r=0.77; AM-Gly, r=0.70; AM-m, r=0.75; each P<0.001). These results suggest that the plasma concentration of AM-m is increased in parallel with those of AM-Gly and AM-T, and that the main site for clearance of AM-m from the plasma is the lung; the extracted AM-m in the lungs may help to attenuate the increased pulmonary arterial resistance in secondary pulmonary hypertension due to mitral stenosis.

Adrenomedullin↗
PubMed2000

[Alteration of nitric oxide production during arterial myocardial revascularization using extracorporeal circulation. Quantitative measurement of EDNO production by the internal mammary artery bypass graft].

Authors measured the concentration of stable metabolite (NO2: nitrite) of EDNO (endothelium derived nitric oxide) in the internal mammary artery (IMA) bypass graft with the help of a previously reported method (measurement of effective blood flow capacity of the IMA graft in the coronary sinus). Nitrite level in the systemic circulation prior to extracorporeal circulation (ECC)--(68.1 +/- 6.7 mumol/l) was measured, as well as nitrite concentration in the coronary circulation before and after construction of the IMA bypass graft (62.1 +/- 4.19 mumol/l and 50.26 +/- 4.0 mumol/l respectively). Furthermore, nitrite level in the IMA graft free cut end flow was also determined (64.3 +/- 5.9 mumol/l). These data compared to the nitrite levels in the normal plasma (48.1 +/- 5.9 mumol/l) were found to be higher (p = 0.1, ns.), possibly due to the enhanced EDNO production induced by total heparinization. The nitrite concentration in the IMA free cut end flow is similar or slightly higher than that of the native coronary circulation, however, after IMA bypass construction a relative reduction could be measured in the coronary sinus. Authors believe, that this may be related to the reduction of basal EDNO production caused by supernormal pO2 (215 +/- 19 mmHg) during ECC.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Evidence that the major oxysterols in human circulation originate from distinct pools of cholesterol: a stable isotope study.

The major oxysterols in human circulation are 7 alpha-, 27-, and (24S)-hydroxycholesterol. Two unique experiments were performed to elucidate their origin and kinetics. A volunteer was exposed to (18)O(2)-enriched air. A rapid incorporation of (18)O in both 7 alpha- and 27-hydroxycholesterol and disappearance of label after exposure were observed. The half-life was estimated to be less than 1 h. Incorporation of (18)O in (24S)-hydroxycholesterol was not significant. In the second experiment a volunteer was infused with liposomes containing 10 g of [(2)H(6)]cholesterol. This resulted in an enrichment of plasma cholesterol with (2)H of up to 13%, and less than 0.5% in cerebrospinal fluid cholesterol. The content of (2)H in circulating 7 alpha-hydroxycholesterol remained approximately equal to that of plasma cholesterol and decreased with a half-life of about 13 days. The (2)H content of circulating 27-hydroxycholesterol was initially lower than that of cholesterol but in the last phase of the experiment it exceeded that of cholesterol. No significant incorporation of (2)H in (24S)-hydroxycholesterol was observed. It is evident that 7 alpha-hydroxycholesterol must originate from a rapidly miscible pool, about 80% of 27-hydroxycholesterol from a more slowly exchangeable pool, and more than 90% of (24S)-hydroxycholesterol from a nonexchangeable pool, presumably the brain. The results are discussed in relation to the role of oxysterols in cholesterol homeostasis and their use as markers for pathological conditions. - Meaney, S., M. Hassan, A. Sakinis, D. Lütjohann, K. von Bergmann, A. Wennmalm, U. Diczfalusy, and I. Björkhem. Evidence that the major oxysterols in human circulation originate from distinct pools of cholesterol: a stable isotope study. J. Lipid Res. 2001. 42: 70;-78.

Blood Circulation↗
PubMed2001

Posterior cerebral circulation revascularization.

Posterior circulation revascularization has evolved as a method to treat selected patients with vertebrobasilar ischemia who have inaccessible atherosclerotic occlusive disease and who have failed maximal medical therapy. In addition, complex unclippable aneurysms of the posterior circulation are another indication for revascularization of the vertebrobasilar territory. Careful preoperative evaluation and meticulous attention to detail intraoperatively yield good patient outcomes with minimal morbidity and mortality. This article reviews the vascular anatomy of the posterior circulation and the indications, preoperative evaluation, operative techniques, clinical outcomes, and alternative treatments for patients requiring posterior circulation revascularization procedures.

Aged↗
PubMed2001

Clinical significance of the molecular detection of melanoma cells circulating in the peripheral blood in melanoma patients.

BACKGROUND: Blood circulating melanoma cells may be important for the spread of the disease. The current methods are not sensitive in detecting micro metastases. Tyrosinase mRNA can be detected in peripheral blood by a molecular test. As tyrosinase is expressed only in melanocytes and melanocytes normally do not circulate in the blood, the test may prove reliable in detecting circulating melanoma cells. METHODS EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: we used a reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) detecting tyrosinase mRNA in the blood. A prospective investigation in melanoma patients undergoing surgery was conducted; follow-up duration was 12 months. SETTING: University Department Laboratory and Melanoma Clinic of a Tertiary Hospital. PATIENTS: a total of 27 Greek patients with a diagnosis of malignant melanoma at different stages of the disease; 12 months follow-up after surgery. Samples form 12 healthy volunteers and 13 patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia served as controls. INTERVENTIONS: none. MEASURES: none. RESULTS: We detected mRNA tyrosinase in the peripheral blood in 16 out of 27 melanoma patients studied. No tyrosinase mRNA was detected in any of the 25 samples from the controls. Two of the 16 positive cases developed a metastasis within the next 12 months following testing. The other 14 positive cases remain metastasis free for this period, as also did the test negative cases. CONCLUSIONS: Detection of blood circulating melanoma cells by a RT-PCR technique, may be helpful in defining melanoma patients who are at risk for the spread of the disease.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

[Types and variants of cerebral circulation in healthy young people in clino-stasis and anti-orthostasis].

This paper presents the results of investigations of 199 apparently healthy individuals aged 18-22 years. Analysis of the findings yielded concepts of the types of cerebral circulation--the types of cerebral microcirculation and the variants brain volumia--the variants of summarized pulse blood filling of this organ. To define the types and variants of cerebral hemodynamics makes it possible to predict the magnitude and direction of brain vasomotor responses aimed at optimizing arterial blood stream into the region and venous blood outflow under antiorthostasis. The types and variants of cerebral circulation that most and least favourable as to a risk for regional venous congestion. The views of the types and variants of cerebral circulation open up fresh opportunities for in-depth study of the most important parameters of cardiovascular performance. A typological analysis of cerebral circulation can find a wide application in clinical practice for "the passportization" of the most important physiological parameters of regional blood flow.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Comparison of the expression profile of metastasis-associated genes between primary and circulating cancer cells in oral squamous cell carcinoma.

Tumor metastasis is a complex process involving several distinct steps such as escape from a primary tumor, dissemination through the circulation, lodgment in small vessels at distinct sites, penetration of the vessel wall and growth in the new site as a secondary tumor. To compare the expression profile of metastasis-associated genes between circulating cancer cells in peripheral blood and cells in the primary lesion of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), we employed a combination analysis of laser captured microdissection (LCM) and immunomagnetic separation (IMS) techniques for capturing primary and circulating cancer cells, respectively. Total RNAs were then extracted from each cell and mRNA expression of CK19, matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-1, -2, -7, -9) and CD44, including its variant forms (CD44s, v6, v9), were analyzed by RT-PCR. Although CD44 including its variant forms were expressed in 20%(CD44s) to 30%(v6, v9) of the primary lesion, 40%(v6) to 90%(CD44s) of blood samples were CD44-positive. Furthermore, MMPs were expressed in 30%(MMP-1, -2) to 60%(MMP-7) of primary samples, whereas most blood samples were negative for the expression of MMPs. These results suggested that circulating cancer cells might express different characteristics after being released from the primary lesion.

Aged↗
PubMed2003

[Axillary artery cannulation for extracorporeal circulation].

BACKGROUND: When the ascending aorta and the femoral artery cannot be used for extracorporeal circulation, an emerging alternative is the use of axillary artery. AIM: To report the experience using the axillary artery for extracorporeal circulation. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Between November 1998 and May 2002, 22 patients (14 male) were operated with extracorporeal circulation, cannulating the axillary artery. Briefly, an incision is made below the middle third of the clavicle and a cut is made on major pectoris muscle. Minor pectoris muscle is retracted and axillary artery is exposed. It is cannulated directly or with the aid of a prosthesis. RESULTS: Right axillary artery was used in 21 patients and in 20 it was cannulated with the aid of a prosthesis. Mean flow was 4.5 +/- 0.6 l/min. The most common indications were aortic dissection or aneurysms. The most common procedures done, were ascending aorta replacement in 8 cases and replacement of ascending aorta and aortic arch in 5. Thirty five percent of operations were emergencies and 32% were reoperations. In 15 patients (68%), a circulatory arrest was done. Of these, retrograde brain perfusion was used in 9, antegrade brain perfusion through the same axillary artery was used in 2 and mixed perfusion was used in 2. One patient had a complication related to the axillary cannulation. None had cerebrovascular accidents or thromboembolic complications. Two patients died in the postoperative period. Patients were followed up to 42 months after the procedure and no secondary complications of the cannulation were detected. CONCLUSIONS: When the ascending aorta and the femoral artery cannot be used, axillary artery is a good alternative for extracorporeal circulation.

Adult↗