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PubMedDate not supplied

Effects of smoking and physical activity on serum uric acid in a Jerusalem population sample.

In 932 adult males and 531 adult females, we found large independent correlations of serum uric acid (SUA) with body mass and serum creatinine. In males, but not in females, SUA was lower in smokers than in non-smokers and in men who reported themselves to be physically active, compared to non-active men. After controlling for confounding variables by multiple regression analysis, we found that smoking remained a significant predictor of SUA in males (P = 0.003) but the effects of reported physical activity dropped to borderline significance (P = 0.056). In females, no significant relationship of SUA with reported physical activity was seen. These results, the first from an unselected free-living Israeli population, are generally in agreement with previously reported studies.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Serum uric acid and multiple sclerosis.

Several studies indicate that patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) have low serum levels of the endogenous antioxidant uric acid (UA), although it has not been established whether UA is primarily deficient or secondarily reduced due to its peroxynitrite scavenging activity. We measured serum urate levels in 124 MS patients and 124 age- and sex-matched controls with other neurological diseases. In addition, we compared UA levels when MS patients were stratified according to disease activity (by means of clinical examination and MRI), duration, disability and course. MS patients had significantly lower serum urate levels than controls (p= 0.001). However, UA levels did not significantly correlate with disease activity, duration, disability or course. Our study favors the view that reduced UA in MS is a primary, constitutive loss of protection against oxidative agents, which deserves further pathogenetic elucidation aimed at future therapeutic strategies.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

[Distribution and correlations of serum uric-acid in two French adult populations : 13,885 men and 6,861 women (author's transl)].

Distributions and correlations of serum uric acid (SUA) were studied in 13.885 men and 6.861 women who were between the ages of 20 and 90. In men and women the distribution of SUA is unimodal. The average SUA value is 628 mg/100 ml (SD : 1,19) IN MEN AND 5,05 MG/100 ML (SD : 1,10) in women. 27% of the men and 4% of the women have a SUA level above 7 mg/100 ml. In men and in women correlations of SUA with an obesity index is strong (r = 0,272; r = 0,311). In men partial correlations between SUA and age, blood pressure, cholesterolemia, glycemia and hemoglobinemia diminish when obesity index is fixed. In women these correlations are stronger and do not vary when obesity index is fixed. In men and women the correlation between SUA and creatininemia is strong and do not vary when obesity index is fixed.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Distribution and correlations of serum uric-acid in two French adult populations: 13,885 men and 6,861 women (author's transl)].

Distributions and correlations of serum uric acid (SUA) were studied in 13,885 men and 6,861 women who were between the ages of 20 and 90. In men and women the distribution of SUA is unimodal. The average SUA value is 6,28 mg/100 ml SD: 1,19) in men and 5,05 mg/100 ml (SD: 1,10) in women, 27% of the men and 4% of the women have a SUA level above 7 mg/100 ml. In men and in women correlations of SUA with an obesity index is strong (r = 0,272; r = 0,311). In men partial correlations between SUA and age, blood pressure, cholesterolemia, glycemia and hemoglobinemia diminish when obesity index is fixed. In women these correlations are stronger and do not vary when obesity index is fixed. In men and women the correlation between SUA and creatininemia is strong and do not vary when obesity index is fixed.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Serum uric acid and renal prognosis in patients with IgA nephropathy.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: This study was designed to elucidate the clinical significance of serum uric acid (SUA) and the relationship between hyperuricemia and renal prognosis in IgA nephropathy. METHODS: The correlation between SUA and other clinical parameters were examined in 748 IgA nephropathy patients (432 males and 316 females). Among these patients, 226 (144 males and 82 females) who were followed for more than 5 years were examined for the relationship between hyperuricemia and renal prognosis. RESULTS: In IgA nephropathy, SUA correlated negatively with creatinine clearance (Ccr), and positively with urinary protein and tubulointerstitial damage. SUA was higher in patients with hypertension or diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis. Hyperuricemia was a risk factor for renal prognosis, both in terms of serum creatinine (p = 0.0025) and Ccr (p = 0.0057). In 56 patients with normal Ccr at renal biopsy, the change of Ccr after more than 8 years was -22.3 +/- 20.8% in 13 patients with hyperuricemia, compared with +2.6 +/- 39.4% in 43 patients without hyperuricemia (p = 0.0238). Hyperuricemia was related independently to deterioration of Ccr (p = 0.0461). CONCLUSION: Hyperuricemia in IgA nephropathy is derived from both glomerular and tubulointerstitial damage, and correlated with hypertension. Hyperuricemia is a risk factor for renal prognosis in IgA nephropathy.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Urinary glycosaminoglycans as risk factors for uric acid nephrolithiasis: case control study in a Sardinian genetic isolate.

OBJECTIVES: To assess the clinical association between glycosaminoglycan (GAG) excretion and uric acid (UA) nephrolithiasis by measuring urinary GAG levels in a case-control study conducted in a Sardinian genetic isolate. Inhibitors of crystallization such as GAGs seem to be involved in kidney stone formation. METHODS: Overnight (12-hour) urinary excretion of GAGs, calcium, oxalate, and UA were measured in urine samples from 60 patients who had formed at least one urinary stone (UA or mixed) and 52 healthy controls. The total GAG concentration was measured by a dye-binding assay, and the values were normalized against creatinine to obtain values in micrograms of GAG per milligram creatinine. Statistical analysis was performed using t tests and logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: No significant difference was found between the two groups with respect to calcium and oxalate concentrations. Nonetheless, stone formers had significantly lower levels of GAGs (29.5 +/- 2.2 versus 36.4 +/- 3.9 microg/mg creatinine, P = 0.003) and greater levels of UA (385.11 +/- 38.2 versus 298.43 +/- 31.4 mg/12 hr, P = 0.0010) than did the normal controls. CONCLUSIONS: We report that the lower excretion of GAGs in stone formers could impair their inhibitory activity on UA stone formation, and, as a consequence, it may represent a risk factor for this form of urolithiasis.

Case-Control Studies↗
PubMed2005

Determination of uric acid and p-aminohippuric acid in human saliva and urine using capillary electrophoresis with electrochemical detection: potential application in fast diagnosis of renal disease.

The monitoring of uric acid (UA) and p-aminohippuric acid (PAH) levels in biological samples is routinely carried out in clinical laboratories as an indication of renal disease. With the aim of investigation of the correlation between the trace amounts of UA and PAH in human saliva or urine and renal diseases, we carried out the determination of UA and PAH in human saliva and urine by using capillary electrophoresis with electrochemical detection (CE-ED) in this work. Under the optimum conditions, UA, PAH and three coexisting analytes could be well separated within 21 min at the separation voltage of 14 kV in 80 mmol/L borax running buffer (pH 9.2). Good linear relationship was established between peak current and concentration of analytes over two orders of magnitude with detection limits (S/N = 3) ranged from 5.01 x 10(-7) to 2.00 x 10(-6) mol/L for all analytes. The result shows that this proposed method could be successfully applied for the study on the correlation between the levels of UA and PAH in human saliva and urine and renal diseases, and provide an alternative and convenient method for the fast diagnosis of renal disease.

Ascorbic Acid↗
PubMed2005

Lys418Asn polymorphism of the alpha2-adrenoceptor gene relates to serum uric acid levels but not to insulin sensitivity.

Hyperuricemia is associated with cardiovascular risk. The present study examines the association between serum uric acid (UA) elevation and the alpha2-, beta2-, and beta3-adrenoceptor polymorphisms. In 219 nonobese, normotensive, normouricemic (serum UA <6.5 mg/dL at entry) men, serum UA, plasma norepinephrine (NE), the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), body mass index, total body fat mass, the alpha2A(Lys418Asn)-, beta2(Arg16Gly, Gln27Glu)-, and beta3(Trp64Arg)-adrenoceptor polymorphisms were measured annually over 5 years. Hyperuricemia was defined as a serum UA level of > or =mean+1 SD of 5.0 mg/dL in the participants. At entry, there were 36 subjects who had hyperuricemia and 183 who had normal UA levels. A significant UA elevation for 5 years was defined as an increase in > or =10% in UA levels. There were 82 subjects who had significant UA elevations. The subjects who had hyperuricemia at entry in addition to the subjects who had significant UA elevations over the 5-year period carried a significantly higher frequency of the Asn418 allele of Lys418Asn. Additionally, subjects carrying the Asn418 allele had higher UA and plasma NE and greater elevations in UA over the study period, but HOMA-IR was similar. Insulin resistance at entry and during the study was associated with Arg16Gly polymorphisms but not with Lys418Asn polymorphisms. In conclusion, the Asn418 allele of Lys418Asn is associated with either established hyperuricemia or the progressive elevation of UA over time. This polymorphism was not associated with insulin resistance in nonobese, normotensive individuals. Although hyperuricemia is of known relevance to insulin resistance, it appears to have different genetic determinants from insulin resistance in terms of adrenoceptor polymorphisms.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Commingling and segregation analysis of serum uric acid in five North American populations: the Lipid Research Clinics family study.

The role of major genes in the expression of serum uric acid (UA) levels was investigated in data collected from five clinics of the Lipid Research Clinics (LRC) family study. Over 2,000 randomly ascertained individuals were analyzed. The UA distributions were homogeneous among the five LRC clinics and between the parental and offspring generations. This result suggested that the data could be pooled across clinics, thereby increasing the statistical power associated with larger sample sizes for testing various null hypotheses. Additionally, a mixture of three normal distributions best characterized the combined-clinics data. Segregation patterns were examined in the untransformed data, as well as in a more conservative (and biologically meaningful) log transformation. Prior to log transformation, both major and multifactorial effects were detected. The major effect was not transmissible, i.e., was not compatible with Mendelian transmission, and accounted for 39% of the variance in UA levels. However, after the log transform was applied to the data and the segregation analysis was repeated, support for the major effect disappeared altogether and only the multifactorial component remained, accounting for 50% of the variation in offspring and 19% in patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Systolic pulmonary artery pressure and serum uric acid levels in patients with hyperthyroidism.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to investigate systolic pulmonary artery pressure (SPAP) and serum uric acid (SUA) levels in patients with hyperthyroidism and after euthyroid state was reached. METHODS: Twenty five (10 male, 15 female, mean age 49.8 +/- 11.6 years) consecutive patients with hyperthyroidism (18 due to toxic nodular goiter, seven to Graves' disease) and 25 (eight male, 17 female, mean age 48.7 +/- 8.7 years) healthy controls were included in the study. Thyroid hormones, SUA, glucose, urea, creatinine, and transthoracic echocardiography were performed in all patients. All tests were repeated after treatment of hyperthyroidism. RESULTS: Mean SPAP and SUA levels in patients with hyperthyroidism were significantly higher than in controls (30.4 +/- 8.5 vs. 22 +/- 3.7 mmHg, p <0.0001, and 5.1 +/- 1.1 vs. 4.3 +/- 0.5 mg/dL, p = 0.004, respectively). Elevated SPAP and SUA levels in patients with hyperthyroidism decreased significantly after treatment to levels comparable with controls (24.4 +/- 5.4 mmHg, p = 0.001 and 4.6 +/- 0.9 mg/dL, p = 0.002, respectively). Correlation between SPAP and SUA levels, however, was not significant in hyperthyroid population and after euthyroid stage was reached (r = 0.34, p = 0.097, and r = 0.256, p = 0.216, respectively), possibly due to relatively low number of patients (overall correlation of SPAPs and SUAs was r = 0.4, p <0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Hyperthyroidism should be included in differential diagnosis of pulmonary arterial hypertension. However, further investigations are needed to determine the exact mechanism between hyperthyroidism and pulmonary hypertension.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

[Serum urate levels and urinary uric acid excretion in subjects with metabolic syndrome].

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Hyperuricemia is considered a feature of the metabolic syndrome (MS) despite serum uric acid (SUA) is not considered a diagnostic criterion. The main physiopathological disturbance leading to the increased SUA is not completely understood. PATIENTS AND METHOD: Descriptive study without drug intervention including 141 subjects (NCEP-ATPIII: 105 with MS and 36 without MS). Serum UA levels were compared in subjects with and without MS. The mechanism of the rise in SUA levels was assessed (overproduction or decreased renal excretion). The relation of SUA levels to the HOMA index was also evaluated. RESULTS: Subjects with MS showed significantly higher SUA levels (5.6 [1.6] vs 4.6 [1.7] mg/dl, p = 0.002), and lower urinary UA excretion than subjects without MS (UA clearance 3.60 [2.41] vs 4.65 [3.04] ml/min/m2, p = 0.049; excreted fraction of filtered UA 7.15 [4.72] vs 9.81 [6.78%], p = 0.045). Sex (male 6.1 [1.6] vs female 4.9 [1.6] mg/dl, p < 0.001), alcohol intake (drinkers 6.1 [1.8] vs non-drinkers 5.2 [1.6] mg/dl, p < 0.01), and MS (present 5.6 [1.6] absent 4.6 [1.7] mg/dl, p < 0.002), were significantly associated with SUA. In the multiple regression analysis, sex and MS were independently associated with SUA. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates significantly higher SUA levels in subjects with MS. A decreased urinary UA excretion, instead of urate overproduction, was the leading mechanism to explain high SUA. Serum UA levels were not associated with the HOMA index.

Aged↗
PubMed2004

Administration of procyanidins from grape seeds reduces serum uric acid levels and decreases hepatic xanthine dehydrogenase/oxidase activities in oxonate-treated mice.

In this study we have investigated the effects of administration of procyanidins from grape seeds on serum uric acid levels in a model of hyperuricaemia in mice pretreated with oxonate, as well as the xanthine dehydrogenase and xanthine oxidase activities in mouse liver in vivo. The procyanidins, when orally administered to the oxonate-pretreated hyperuricaemic mice, were able to elicit a dose-dependent hypouricaemic effect. At a dose of 400 mg/kg for 3 days, the serum urate levels of the oxonate-pretreated mice were not different from the normal mice. In addition, the hepatic activities of xanthine dehydrogenase and xanthine oxidase in the procyanidins-treated mice were found to decrease significantly. However, the hypouricaemic effects observed in the experimental animals did not seem to parallel the changes in xanthine dehydrogenase and xanthine oxidase activities, implying that the procyanidins might be acting via other mechanisms apart from simple inhibition of enzyme activities. Furthermore, the procyanidin-treated animals exhibited normal growth while the allopurinol-treated animals exhibited some retarded growth. These results demonstrated for the first time that the procyanidins from grape seeds possess in vivo urate-lowering activities. The potential application of these natural compounds in the treatment of hyperuricaemia is discussed.

Allopurinol↗
PubMed2005

Uric acid protects against secondary damage after spinal cord injury.

Peroxynitrite contributes to the pathogenesis of various neurodegenerative disorders through multiple mechanisms and is thought to mediate secondary neuronal cell death after spinal cord injury (SCI). Here we establish that physiologically relevant levels of uric acid (UA), a selective inhibitor of certain peroxynitrite-mediated reactions, block the toxic effects of peroxynitrite on primary spinal cord neurons in vitro. Furthermore, administration of UA at the onset of SCI in a mouse model inhibits several pathological changes in the spinal cord including general tissue damage, nitrotyrosine formation, lipid peroxidation, activation of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase, and neutrophil invasion. More importantly, UA treatment improves functional recovery from the injury. Taken together, our findings support the concept that peroxynitrite contributes to the pathophysiology of secondary damage after SCI. They also raise the possibility that elevating UA levels may provide a therapeutic approach for the treatment of SCI as well as other neurological diseases with a peroxynitrite-mediated pathological component.

Animals↗