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At least 1,621 records · Page 90Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Progression of root resorption following replantation of human teeth after extended extraoral storage.

Avulsed human permanent teeth subjected to a minimum of 1 h dry extraoral storage before replantation were followed radiographically for an average of 4.8 years. The depth of root resorption cavities was assessed using a radiographic index, and the rate of root resorption was defined as the index change over time. The frequency of inflammatory and replacement resorption was determined at each observation time. Replacement resorption increased in frequency with time in all patients. In teeth endodontically treated within 3 weeks of replantation, minimal inflammatory resorption was found regardless of the age of the patients. In teeth where endodontic treatment was performed more than 3 weeks after replantation, the frequency of inflammatory resorption was significantly higher in young patients but not in older patients, up to more than 3 years after replantation. The rate of root resorption was found to be related to age. In patients 8-16 years old at the time of avulsion the rate of root resorption was significantly higher compared with patients 17-39 years old. Age had a higher impact on the rate of root resorption compared with the delay in endodontic treatment after replantation. It was concluded that a tooth replanted with a necrotic periodontal membrane will become ankylosed and resorbed within 3-7 years in young patients, whereas a tooth replanted under similar conditions in older patients may remain in function for a considerably longer time.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Effect of the convergence angle of the ground tooth and the force of cast crown fastening using various types of cement].

The authors measured the effect of the convergence angle of the ground tooth on the fastening of cast crowns. The study was carried out on phantom models of teeth made of stainless steel with abutement convergence angles from 1 to 10 degrees. The force of the connection was measured using the Instron testing device. The avulsing force acted along the long axis of the abutement. Additionally the fixing force of phosphate, polycarboxylate and ionomer-glass was compared. A fall of the force of crown fastening was observed with increasing value of the convergence angle of the abutement, especially for phosphorus and ionomer-glass cement. The crowns fastened with polycarboxylate cement showed a threefold smaller fall of the fastening force with increasing value of the convergence angle of the abutement.

Crowns↗
PubMed2005

Primary tooth injuries in Norwegian children (1-8 years).

UNLABELLED: This prospective study examined the yearly incidence of traumatic injuries to primary teeth. The aim of the study was to find out more about dental injuries to primary teeth in Norwegian children. The study was performed in one county of Norway involving approximately 20,000 children in the age group 1-8 years. Twenty-seven public dental clinics and 42 dentists participated. The dentists attended information and calibration meetings and received illustrations of the classification of dental trauma as well as examples of how to fill in the forms correctly. Two hundred and sixty-six children were involved, including 447 primary teeth, recorded during a 1-year registration period (2003). The dental trauma incidence was 1.3% with 3.5-year old being the most accident-prone. Boys were significantly more often injured than girls, 164 versus 102 (P < 0.001). The upper central incisors were most involved (92%), with a non-significant difference between the right and left side. The minor periodontal injuries dominated (59%). Hard tissue injuries were far less frequent (13%). Avulsions were observed in 6.5% and intrusions in 7.5% of the injured children, being 5.5% and 5% of the injured teeth. Most of the injuries occurred either at home (38%) or at kindergarten (32%). Sixty-two percentage were falling accidents often sustained during children's play, and 25% were pure playing accidents. CONCLUSION: In Norwegian children aged 1-8 years, with a predominance of boys, the most common primary tooth injuries were minor luxations of the maxillary central incisors, sustained at an age of 3.5 years. As the traumas often occurred during children's play and/or were the consequence of falls, these are difficult to prevent. However, follow ups should be carried out to disclose pulpal or periodontal complications and/or developmental disturbances of the permanent successors.

Age Factors↗
PubMed2005

Ankylosis of traumatized permanent incisors: pathogenesis and current approaches to diagnosis and management.

Ankylosis is a known complication of replanted or severely intruded permanent incisors and can be diagnosed by the characteristic sound emitted when the tooth is tapped. The ankylosed incisor demonstrates a lack of physiologic mobility and, later, radiographic evidence of replacement resorption. If the patient is pre-adolescent or adolescent at the time of trauma, infraocclusion relative to adjacent teeth will become apparent during jaw growth. Despite considerable knowledge about the pathogenesis of ankylosis garnered from animal studies and observation of human replanted teeth, there is no known treatment to arrest this condition. Management techniques and rehabilitation options for addressing ankylosis and its consequences are supported by little evidence, do not appear to be widely adopted and do not offer any proven long-term benefit. Avulsion and severe intrusion of permanent incisors are rare injuries. Should the decision be made to intervene by replantation or reduction of the intrusion, the clinician must be prepared to diagnose ankylosis, identify its negative consequences and develop treatment plans accordingly.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

[Pharma clinics. How I treat...dental emergencies in general practice].

Counselling and drug prescription are the only means for the phycisian to manage dental emergencies. Among these, some are infection related: pulpitis, apical and periodontal abscesses, acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis and alveolitis. Urgent medical treatment includes antibiotics, mouth rinses and analgesics except for pulpitis (pain caused by thermal stimuli) for which analgesics alone are prescribed. Infection non related dental emergencies are: hemorrhage for which the best treatment is compression; trauma, mainly dental avulsion for which reimplantation must be done as soon as possible; acute TMD such as open lock which can be reduced by the Nelaton handling.

Emergency Treatment↗
PubMed1999

Muco-gingival and periodontal health recovery following reimplantation of teeth.

Reimplantation of avulsed permanent teeth following traumatic injuries is a widely accepted therapeutic measure; however, though periodontal healing is considered to be the major determinant of long-term survival of reimplanted teeth, the mucogingival reaction to reimplantation has never been assessed. In the present study, hygiene level and gingival inflammation of 13 reimplanted teeth were assessed according to the plaque index (PI) and the gingival index (GI) around both reimplanted and control teeth. The periodontal condition was evaluated by measuring probing depth and probing attachment level at the same location. The clinical parameters of the reimplanted teeth were compared with those of contralateral teeth with the help of the non-parametric Wilcoxon signed ranks test. There were no statistically significant differences in PI and GI scores at any points of measurements around both reimplanted and control teeth; neither did probing depths and probing attachment levels differ between reimplanted and contralateral teeth. The results of the present study indicated that the muco-gingival reaction following traumatic avulsion did not affect the long-term prognosis of the reimplanted teeth.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

[Tuber avulsion from the forensic point of view].

On the basis of 6 case reports regarding avulsions of the tuber of the maxillary bone, the author comments on iatrogenic incidents in general. He deals in particular with the causes and the treatment of tuber avulsion and, finally, with forensiv aspects of this problem. He is of opinion that tuber avulsions are in most cases not due to malpraxis. The proper approach to the avoidance or the management of such a complication is explained.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Radiographic study of the broadbeach aboriginal dentition.

This study forms part of a larger anthropological investigation of the Ngaraangbal Aboriginal Tribe's ancestral burial ground at Broadbeach, Australia. It examines the dentition, records the associated pathology in a noninvasive manner, and relates this to the likely subsistence diet of the tribe. The Broadbeach osteological collection was returned for reburial in 1985; however, radiographic and photographic records of 36 adult males were available. These form the basis of our study. The pathology noted in the study sample was compared with a representative sample (n = 38) of pre-European Aboriginal remains from throughout Queensland for verification purposes only. Rates of dental pathology and injury were calculated from the radiographic and photographic records. There was a significant rate of tooth-wear related intra-bony pathology (4.0%), moderate to severe alveolar bone loss, and heavy dental attrition, of which the mandibular posterior teeth were the most severely affected. Caries prevalence (0.8%) was low for hunter-gatherer populations. A large number of molar pulp chambers had a distinctive "cruciate" morphology resulting from the formation of secondary dentine and pulp stones. Injuries and abnormalities included upper central incisor avulsion (58.3%) and taurodontism. These results support the proposal that the Ngaraangbal tribe was a hunter-gatherer population subsisting on an abrasive diet that included marine foods.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Dental trauma in Turkish children, Istanbul.

Numerous studies focus on visits to dental clinics for emergent dental problems. Many are all-inclusive, studying traumatic injuries as well as visits for infection and other causes. Epidemiologic studies have focused on the investigation of the prevalence or incidence of dental injury. The patients were evaluated at Pediatric Dentistry, Marmara University Dental School, Istanbul over a 2-year period. For these 300 patients (446 teeth), specific diagnoses were evaluated. Dental injuries that presented most frequently in permanent dentition were crown fractures of enamel only and crown fractures of enamel and dentin. The most frequently presented dental injury in primary dentition were avulsions and crown fractures of enamel. The more frequent treatments for primary teeth were examination only. Bandage restoration, space maintainer were common procedures for permanent teeth.

Accidental Falls↗
PubMed1998

Traumatic dental disease and soft tissue injuries of the oral cavity.

Trauma to the oral cavity can result in an array of injuries affecting teeth, bone, and soft tissue. A thorough examination of the oral cavity is often facilitated by employing a full-mouth speculum after the horse has been tranquilized. Identification of broken, loose, or split teeth; fractures of the premaxilla or mandible; and avulsion or laceration of soft tissue structures such as the lips or tongue is usually straightforward. Treatment options vary depending on the structure involved; however, appropriate treatment generally results in a functional and cosmetically acceptable end result.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Dentoalveolar ankylosis and associated root resorption in replanted teeth. Experimental and clinical studies in monkeys and man.

Periodontal pathology is an unavoidable complication following replantation of avulsed teeth. The present thesis focuses on the etiology, diagnosis, progression and prevention of dentoalveolar ankylosis. The experimental studies were carried out both in vitro and in vivo. Clinical studies were also performed on the progression of ankylosis. Initially, it was determined that the histomorphometrical method used in the animal studies was sufficiently accurate for the estimation of an area of a root surface showing a defined condition. In vivo studies revealed that the periodontal membrane (PDM) of a tooth prevented from drying for one hour before replantation heals without root resorption and ankylosis in a similar manner to an immediately replanted tooth. However, replantation of a tooth with a necrotic PDM results in a rapid destruction of the root by inflammatory resorption. These observations were predicted from the results of the in vitro studies, indicating that data gained from in vitro work may contribute to our understanding of periodontal healing in replanted teeth. Prevention or elimination of inflammatory resorption results in increased dentoalveolar ankylosis. Masticatory stimulation during the healing period will maximize the area of functional PDM and minimize dentoalveolar ankylosis. Antibiotics should be administered as early as possible and endodontic treatment should be performed within the first weeks after replantation to prevent inflammatory resorption. Accurate diagnosis of dentoalveolar ankylosis by assessment of percussion sound and mobility is only possible when more than 20 percent of the root surface is ankylotic. Radiographic diagnosis of ankylosis is of limited value in the early stages of replacement resorption. The rate of replacement resorption was shown to be age related. Even though replacement resorption is present, a tooth in an older individual can remain functional for a long period, possibly throughout life. Furthermore, residual infection and associated periodontal inflammation may be moderating factors in the progression of replacement resorption.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Viability of human periodontal ligament fibroblasts in tissue culture after exposure to different contact lens solutions.

AIM: The viability of the periodontal ligament (PDL) cells is critical for successful healing of replanted avulsed teeth. Viability is primarily dependent on the duration of the extra-alveolar time and storage medium used to preserve teeth. Several storage media have been suggested but milk ranks highest. It would be desirable to evaluate other media as a suitable alternative for milk. The purpose of this study was to determine the viability of human PDL fibroblasts and their morphology after storage in different types of contact lens solutions. METHODS AND MATERIALS: PDL fibroblasts were cultured from a healthy extracted impacted human tooth and exposed to Bausch and Lomb (Renu), Ciba Vision (Titmus), and Alcon (Opti-free) contact lens solutions. Eagle's minimal essential medium served as control. The experiment was performed in plastic tissue culture clusters containing 24 wells. The PDL fibroblasts were grown in each well for three days. On the day of the experiment the culture medium was decanted, the cells were washed with phosphate buffered saline solution (PBS), and 1 ml of the tested solution was placed in each culture well. All tissue culture clusters were incubated at 37 degrees C in 5% CO2 and 95% air for one, four, and 24 hrs. At the end of the incubation period, the cells were fixed and prepared for scanning electron microscope (SEM) examination. RESULTS: The results indicated Renu and Opti-free solutions were superior to Titmus solution in terms of their capacity to maintain the viability and normal morphology of PDL fibroblasts. CONCLUSION: Contact lens solution is a good storage medium to maintain the viability of PDL fibroblasts for a short-term period.

Cell Survival↗
PubMed2000

Dental implantation for restoration of posttraumatic deformities: avulsion injuries.

Soft and hard tissue defects of the cranio- and maxillofacial area, especially after an avulsion injury, are challenging to reconstruct. Sophisticated soft and hard tissue transfer techniques have allowed satisfactory reconstruction of the gross anatomic structure. However, these methods do not allow optimal restoration of fine anatomic detail or function. The advent of dental implants and modified dental implants for craniofacial applications has allowed maximization of cosmetic and functional restoration. Prosthodontists are capable of fabricating subunits of the cranio- and maxillofacial area with fine detail, reproducing the coloring, texture, and idiosyncrasies of a patient's native skin. Dental implant technology has allowed these prostheses to be bone anchored, yielding a reproducible and stable attachment. This method of attachment in turn allows flexibility in the design of the prosthesis, to maximize restoration, and imparts an increased sense of confidence to the patient. Illustrated are six examples demonstrating the versatility of dental implants in the reconstruction of avulsion injuries of the cranio- and maxillofacial complex.

Alveolar Process↗
PubMed2004

A new approach using the surgical extrusion procedure as an alternative for the reestablishment of biologic width.

A modification of the surgical extrusion technique to treat fractured teeth was realized as an alternative periodontal therapy to avoid ostectomy following orthodontic extrusion of teeth with their biologic widths compromised by different etiologic involvements. After delicate luxation and arrested avulsion, the teeth were coronally positioned to allow room for a new biologic width. Clinical and radiographic monitoring showed the ability of the periodontium to adapt function and esthetic recovery. The advantages and disadvantages of this therapeutic procedure for resolution of a periodontal involvement are presented.

Bicuspid↗
PubMed1980

Replantation of enzymatically treated teeth in monkeys. Part I.

Chemical alterations in cementum of avulsed teeth may be implied as a causative factor in their eventual resorption when replanted. Root surface decalcification, with subsequent enzymatic deletion of glycoproteins and cross linking of cementum collagen, results in little or no root resorption for up to 3 months after replantation.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Dental aspects of maxillofacial injuries.

The chief progress of maxillofacial surgery in recent years has been the preservation and the retention of functional tissue. The recent advances in microvascular and reimplantation surgery are examples. Similarly the preservation of the masticatory apparatus is best served by the retention of all viable components. Additional benefits derived from this approach include the facilitation with alignment of the bony fragments, proper occlusion of the teeth and maintenance of the vertical relationship between the upper and lower jaws; in addition to the restoration of appearance and the functions of mastication and speech. Although injuries of the teeth and their supporting stuctures at first glance may seem to be simple problems, frequently they turn out to be complicated. The most common injury is partial avulsion of the alveolar bone with loss of attached teeth, which may produce a severe defect in the jaw bone. During healing there is additional resorbtion of alveolar bone, which is quite a normal physiologic phenomenon. Therefore, the eventual defect is likely to be more severe yet. For this reason more concern should be shown for these lesser injuries.

Dentition↗
PubMed2000

Diagnosis and management of dental injuries in children.

Approximately half of children sustain some type of dental injury. Management of injuries to the anterior teeth of preschool children is directed toward minimizing potential damage to the developing permanent teeth; therefore, heroic measures to save primary teeth are not indicated. Crown fractures in the permanent dentition, even those exposing the dental pulp, can be successfully treated hours after an injury. Prompt referral for dental treatment is advisable. Displacement injuries to permanent teeth constitute genuine dental emergencies in which the prognosis is directly related to the timeliness of treatment. Avulsed permanent teeth should be immediately reimplanted by any capable person. If that is impossible, the teeth should be placed in cold milk and the child referred for immediate treatment by a dentist. Mouthguards prevent dental injuries but are not widely used outside of a few organized sports. Efforts should continue to promote mouthguard use in all contact sports.

Child↗
PubMed2002

Intentional surgical repositioning of an ankylosed permanent maxillary incisor.

Replacement resorption (ankylosis) may be a significant complication after replantation of avulsed permanent incisor teeth. This report explains the aetiology, diagnosis, management and current treatment options in ankylosis and then describes an alternative surgical technique, intentional luxation and repositioning. This technique, in the presence of an acceptable root length, may be a realistic treatment option in adolescence until osseointegrated implants can be considered at the age of 18-20 years.

Child↗