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At least 1,621 records · Page 90Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Changes in blood levels of proteinase inhibitors, pregnancy zone protein, steroid carriers and complement factors induced by oral contraceptives.

Three low-dose oral contraceptives Trinordiol, Gynatrol, and Marvelon, containing ethinylestradiol (EE) in combination with triphasic levonorgestrel (LNg), monophasic levonorgestrel, and monophasic desogestrel (DGS), respectively, were given to 65 healthy women, n = 21-22 in each group. Blood levels of antithrombin III (AT III), alpha 2-macroglobulin (alpha 2M) alpha 1-antitrypsin (alpha 1at), complement factors (factor B, C3, C4), pregnancy zone protein (PZP), corticosteroid binding globulin (CBG), sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) and albumin were measured before treatment and during the first and third treatment cycles. AT III levels decreased and alpha 1at levels increased in all three groups during treatment. alpha 2M increased during cycle 3 in the Trinordiol and Gynatrol groups. CBG, PZP and SHBG levels increased in all 3 groups, the CBG and PZP increase being higher in the Marvelon group than in the Gynatrol group. Increases in SHBG levels were found in the order Marvelon > Trinordiol > Gynatrol. Plasma levels of complement factors B, C3 and C4 remained unchanged. It is concluded that the increase in alpha 1at partly compensates for the fall in AT III, that the rise in PZP presumably enhances fibrinolysis, and that LNg has higher anti-estrogenicity and androgenicity than DSG.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Pneumocystis carinii is not a major cause of pneumonia in HIV infected patients in Lusaka, Zambia.

The clinical occurrence of Pneumocystis carinii and Mycobacterium tuberculosis was investigated in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) who had clinical pneumonia of unknown aetiology in Lusaka, Zambia. The results were compared with a similar group of patients in Stockholm, Sweden. Induced sputum samples were stained for Pneumocystis by indirect immunofluorescence using monoclonal antibody 3F6 and toluidine blue O. Mycobacterial culture and acid fast stain were performed on the specimens from Lusaka. P. carinii cysts were detected in none of 27 Lusaka patients, compared to 10 of 33 Stockholm patients. M. tuberculosis was identified in 11 of 22 Lusaka patients tested. In conclusion, P. carinii could not be incriminated as the aetiological agent of HIV-associated pneumonia in Zambia in contrast to the situation in Sweden, where Pneumocystis is the dominating aetiological agent.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1992

Forces required for dilatation of human cervix in first trimester of pregnancy.

Cervical resistance to dilatation was measured in 76 patients undergoing first trimester legal abortion; a specially designed force-sensing instrument was used. No correlation between cervical resistance and patient age or gestational age was found. Increasing parity and earlier legal abortions were significantly correlated with a lowering of the cervical resistance. In patients dilated to 11 mm a lowering of resistance was noted suggesting a tear in cervical tissue.

Abortion, Legal↗
PubMed1995

Return migration on the policy agenda in Sweden.

"Explicit policies on return migration are of rather recent date in most European countries, including Sweden. During the last few years a number of new policy initiatives have been taken in this field. The purpose of this paper is to examine how official Swedish policies on return migration have changed during the last 20 years. The conclusion is that Sweden has moved from a ¿non-policy' in the 1970s, much in opposition to ¿guestworker' or rotation systems, towards an active and explicit policy promoting return in the mid-1990s. The major trends in the country's immigration, emigration and return flows are also presented."

Demography↗
PubMed1990

The humoral autoimmune response to vasectomy described by immunoblotting from two-dimensional gels and demonstration of a human spermatozoal antigen immunochemically crossreactive with the D2 adhesion molecule.

The specificity of human serum antispermatozoal antibodies was analysed by immunoblotting after two-dimensional electrophoretic separation (IEF/PAGE) of human spermatozoal proteins. Spermatozoal proteins with Mr 20-200 kDa and pI between 4.5 and 7.8 were analysed for antigenicity. Fifteen sera (four female and 11 male) were analysed for antisperm IgG antibodies. Individual IgG binding patterns were observed. The antisperm antibody response to ligation of the vas deferens was described by immunoblotting analysis of sera taken pre- and post-operatively at regular intervals from three men undergoing vasectomy. The high resolution of spermatozoal antigens allowed a specific description of the humoral response to vasectomy. Both appearance and disappearance of spots were observed in the postoperative period, indicating induction of new antibody producing clones and binding of former free antibodies in circulating immunocomplexes. In one patient five glycosylated proteins induced an IgM response 2 weeks after vasectomy. Four of these autoantigens with Mr of 122 kDa, 119 kDa, 104 kDa and 77 kDa and pI of 5.9, 6.1, 7.7 and 6.0, respectively, have previously been shown to be intrinsic membrane proteins (Naaby-Hansen, (1990) J., Reprod. Immunol. 17). An observed immunochemical crossreactivity between the interneuronal adhesion molecule, D2-protein and an antigen extracted from human sperm and teratomas is discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Response of Ethiopian human immunodeficiency virus type 1 isolates to antiviral compounds.

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) isolates of 8 Ethiopian and 8 Swedish untreated AIDS-patients were examined for their sensitivity to 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine (AZT), 2',3'-dideoxyinosine (ddI) and leukocyte-derived interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha). No significant difference in drug sensitivity was found between Ethiopian and Swedish isolates, which all were sensitive to AZT, ddI and IFN-alpha except for one Swedish isolate. This isolate exhibited a mutation at amino acid position 215. These results suggest that it should be possible to perform clinical trials in Ethiopia using the same dose regimens as in Sweden.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1992

Patient-number-based computerized medical records in Crete. A tool for planning and assessment of primary health care.

Primary Health Care (PHC) in Crete is in a state of rapid development. The strategy for introducing PHC involves an orientation towards the population and the creation of possibilities for evaluation. A case records system, "Egino", was installed in the University of Heraklion and at the Health Centre in Spili in 1988, and was further developed according to local needs during 1989, when also a Greek version of the statistical system, "DoIt", was installed. The main reasons for establishing a computerized medical information system were (i) to assess the health needs in Crete, (ii) to monitor activities of the primary health care organizations, and (iii) to introduce epidemiological research into primary health care in Greece. The information system was based on specially assigned patient numbers containing several pieces of information about the individual; the system was developed at the Dalby Health Sciences Centre in Sweden. Each month, data were extracted in Spili Health Centre, and these data were regularly used to present incidence and prevalence indices. Some of the data extracted were reported to the health authorities in Greece. "EginO" and "DoIt" gave possibilities to evaluate health services by following the morbidity, while also making it possible to describe and analyse health needs in the population of Spili and other primary health care catchment areas in Greece.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Repeat adolescent pregnancy and low birth weight: methods issues.

Longitudinal studies of the relationship between birth order and birth weight suggest that mean birth weight increases with parity among women of all ages. In contrast, national birth statistics and other cross-sectional studies of these relationships suggests a decrease in mean birth weight and an increased incidence of low-weight births with parity among adolescent mothers. We examine the potential reasons for these strikingly different conclusions. Our aim is to determine whether multiparity itself is a low-birth-weight risk factor among adolescent mothers or whether it is a marker for other adolescent maternal conditions that increase the risk of a low birth weight, independent of parity.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

The Children's Vaccine Initiative and vaccine supply: the role of the public sector.

'Children represent the most vulnerable segment of every society--and they are our present and future. Good health, especially of children, promotes personal and national development. Scientific progress, matched with improved capacities of all countries to immunize their children, provides an unparalleled opportunity to save additional lives and prevent additional millions of disabilities annually through a Children's Vaccine Initiative.' (The Netherlands Minister for Development Co-operation.)

Child↗
PubMed1988

New natural oestradiol/cyproterone acetate oral contraceptive for pre-menopausal women.

Fifty (50) healthy ovulating women aged between 35 and 47 yr (mean age 39) were randomly allocated to one of two groups treated with biphasic formulations of either oestradiol valerate/cyproterone acetate (Group A) or oestradiol valerate/norethisterone (Group B). A double-blind design was used during the first 6 mth of treatment. In Group A, 21 out of 26 women (81%), and in Group B, 16 out of 24 (67%) completed the first year of treatment. No pregnancies occurred. The mid-cycle serum follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) peaks were suppressed, but there were no differences between the pretreatment serum oestradiol values and those observed during the treatment cycles. The serum progesterone values indicated that only one ovulatory cycle occurred during the first year in Group A, while there were 11 in Group B. Ultrasonic studies revealed follicular growth during treatment in both groups, most follicles becoming atretic or persistent without ovulation. No significant changes were observed in 11 coagulation factors studied in 16 women in Group A. Serum total cholesterol decreased by about 10% in both groups. In Group A bleeding became scantier and dysmenorrhoea disappeared. The incidence of spotting varied between 30% and 40%, but it is important to note that the total number of bleeding days per cycle fell. The oestradiol valerate/cyproterone acetate combination was thus found to inhibit ovulation, provide tolerable cycle control and to be free from adverse metabolic side effects.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Incidence of legal abortion in Sweden after the Chernobyl accident.

The number of legal abortions in Sweden increased around the time of the Chernobyl accident, particularly in the summer and autumn of 1986. Although there was no recording of reasons for legal abortions, one might have suspected this increase to be a result of fear and anxiety after the accident. However, seen over a longer time perspective, the increase in the number of abortions started before and continued far beyond the time of the accident. There was also a simultaneous and pronounced increase in the number of births during the years subsequent to the accident. Therefore, it seems unlikely that fear of the consequences of radioactive fall-out after the Chernobyl accident resulted in any substantial increase of the number of legal abortions in Sweden.

Abortion, Legal↗
PubMed1991

Pregnancy outcome in Norway after Chernobyl.

Pregnancy outcome has been studied in terms of legal abortions, early spontaneous abortions and total number of pregnancies (in an ad hoc study covering 6 counties) as well as various perinatal health problems (on the basis of routinely recorded data for epidemiological surveillance from the Medical Birth Registry of Norway). Apparently, no effects were observed in terms of an increased occurrence of legal abortions, while spontaneous abortions increased from 7.2% of all pregnancies during the last 12 months before the accident to 8.3% after the accident [corrected]. At the same time, the total number of pregnancies somewhat decreased. Based on monthly measurements in each municipality of external and internal (food-based) doses, dose-response associations were assessed for a number of perinatal health problems. No associations were observed.

Abortion, Legal↗
PubMed1991

Pregnancy outcome in Finland after the Chernobyl accident.

The explosion at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant caused radioactive fallout in Finland in April-May 1986. The fallout was unevenly distributed geographically, and, accordingly, the country was divided into 3 fallout zones. Whole-body radioactivity measurements of randomly chosen persons showed that the regional differences prevailed throughout the following 2 years. Data for legal abortions, registered congenital malformations as well as preterm births and stillbirths of malformed children were collected. The corresponding expected figures were obtained from statistics from 1984 and 1985. No differences in the expected/observed rates of the above parameters were detected.

Abnormalities, Radiation-Induced↗
PubMed1989

The validity of different control groups in a case-control study. Oral contraceptive use and breast cancer in young women.

The possible selection bias due to the use of different series of controls in case-control studies has been analysed in the Norwegian part of a joint national case-control study in Sweden and Norway of oral contraceptive (OC) use and breast cancer in young women. A total of 105 cases diagnosed 1984-1985 were interviewed in addition to 210 population controls matched for age, 104 neighbourhood controls matched for age and postal address, and 96 hospitals controls matched for age. The relative risk was for each of the sets of controls 1.0 for 8 years and more of total use of OCs (adjusted for age at menarche, parity, age at first full term pregnancy, history of breast cancer in mother, history of benign breast biopsy). An additional questionnaire was sent to those who did not wish to participate (non-attenders). A slight selection bias was found for the population controls with more nulliparous never-users of OCs among the non-attenders than among interviewed controls.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

A comparison of flurbiprofen, tranexamic acid, and a levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine contraceptive device in the treatment of idiopathic menorrhagia.

Treatment with flurbiprofen (100 mg twice a day for 5 days), tranexamic acid (1.5 gm three times a day for 3 days and 1 gm twice a day for another 2 days), and an intrauterine contraceptive device releasing 20 micrograms levonorgestrel per day was compared in women with idiopathic menorrhagia. The menstrual blood loss during two control periods in 15 women subsequently treated with flurbiprofen and tranexamic acid was 295 +/- 52 ml and 203 +/- 25.2 ml in the 16 women later fitted with a levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine contraceptive device. Menstrual blood loss was reduced by all three forms of treatment. The reduction in menstrual blood loss expressed as a percentage of the mean of two control cycles for each form of treatment was as follows: flurbiprofen, 20.7% +/- 9.9%; tranexamic acid, 44.4% +/- 8.3%; levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine contraceptive device after 3 months, 81.6% +/- 4.5%; levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine contraceptive device after 6 months, 88.0% +/- 3.1%; levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine contraceptive device after 12 months, 95.8% +/- 1.2%. The reduction in menstrual blood loss achieved by the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine contraceptive device was greater than that recorded with flurbiprofen (p less than 0.001) and tranexamic acid (p less than 0.01), and was greater for tranexamic acid when compared with flurbiprofen (p less than 0.05). The levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine contraceptive device was the only form of treatment to reduce mean menstrual blood loss below 80 ml per menstruation, the upper limit of normal menstrual blood loss.

Adult↗