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At least 1,621 records · Page 90Linked to original sources
PubMed2002

Reproduction of scalp acupuncture therapy on strokes in the model rats, spontaneous hypertensive rats-stroke prone (SHR-SP).

Scalp acupuncture (SA) therapy on strokes has been empirically established and widely used in clinics in China. SA is particularly effective at ameliorating paralyses and speech disturbances, and the recovery rate is twice that for those treated with medication alone. To investigate the effects of SA on a scientific basis, we have developed a new experimental system that provides reliable controls and excludes psychological effects by using a genetic strain of rats, spontaneous hypertensive rats-stroke prone. Here we report that SA indeed has rapid and powerful effects to remove limb paralyses caused either by cerebral infarct or by cerebral haemorrhage. This model is well suited to study the mechanism of the effects of SA in parallel with clinical studies, and to describe the whole recovery process after the stroke onset.

Acupuncture Therapy↗
PubMed1985

Epitheloid hemangioendothelioma of the scalp. A case report with immunohistochemical and ultrastructural study.

A case of an epitheloid hemangioendothelioma of the skin and subcutaneous tissue of the scalp is described. Clinically and histologically a (metastatic) carcinoma had been considered in differential diagnosis. Of great help in recognition of the endothelial nature of this tumor was the immunohistochemical reaction with Factor-VIII associated antigen and Ulex europaeus antigen. Not only tumor cells in solid areas, but also intracytoplasmic vacuoles revealed positive staining. Thereby it could be shown, that this paranuclear vacuoles are actually compatible with developing capillary lumina. Only few tumor cells showed positive reaction with alpha-1-antichymotrypsin, pointing to a possible small histiocytic component of this tumor. Endothelial features of tumor cells and developing capillary lumina also could be demonstrated by electronmicroscopy.

Aged↗
PubMed2000

New topical antiandrogenic formulations can stimulate hair growth in human bald scalp grafted onto mice.

The purpose of this study was to test the ability of topical formulations of finasteride and flutamide to re-enlarge hair follicles in male-pattern baldness. This was evaluated by an experimental model of human scalp skin graft transplanted onto SCID mice. A comparison was made between formulations containing finasteride and flutamide, and a vehicle formulation in terms of the mean hairs per graft, length, diameter of the shafts, and structures of the growth stages of the hair. Flutamide and finasteride had a significantly higher effect (P<0.05) than the placebo in all the tested parameters, but flutamide demonstrated more hair per graft and longer hair shafts than finasteride (P<0.05). The number of hairs per graft for flutamide and finasteride groups were 1.22+/-0. 47 and 0.88+/-0.95 hairs/0.5 mm2 graft, respectively, versus 0. 35+/-0.6 hairs/graft for vehicle-treated graft. Similarly, hair lengths for flutamide and finasteride were 5.82+/-0.50 and 4.50+/-0. 32 mm, respectively, versus 2.83+/-0.18 mm for the vehicle-treated grafts. An in vitro diffusion study of flutamide gel using hairless mouse skin demonstrated the beneficial effect of the vehicle composition in comparison with a hydroalcoholic solution or a gel containing no penetration enhancer. It is therefore suggested that this topical composition containing flutamide or finasteride may effectively result in regression of male-pattern baldness.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1998

Nonlinear functional modeling of scalp recorded auditory evoked responses to maximum length sequences.

The purpose of this study was to model the adult human's scalp recorded evoked response to auditory pulses separated by varying inter pulse intervals (IPIs). The responses modeled probably reflect auditory nerve and brainstem generators. The subjects were 10 young adult humans with normal hearing. They were presented pseudo random sequences of pulses (maximum length sequences, MLSs) in order to characterize their system response. For the stimuli and the responses modeled accounting for temporal nonlinearities (interactions among the pulses) improved model performance only marginally. Nonlinear contributions to the models decreased with increasing interval between the input pulses. Increasing the memory of the model beyond 20 ms did not increase modeled performance dramatically. Model performance varied as a function of minimum IPI (MIPI) of the MLSs. At the shortest MIPI overall model performance deteriorated (due, in part, to a decrease in SNR), but nonlinear effects became relatively more important. At the longest MIPI performance also deteriorated, possibly due to the increasing influence of longer latency, more variable evoked potential components. Modeled performance generalized to responses recorded in the same recording session to the same and different MLSs. This study confirms the similarity between MLS linear kernels and conventionally averaged evoked responses--both are adapted responses reflecting the IPIs of the evoking stimuli.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMed2001

Sequestrated meningocele of the scalp.

A case of occipital sequestrated (rudimentary) meningocele in a 2-year-old girl is presented. The swelling was noticed at birth and did not grow over time. The skull radiograph showed no bone defect and ultrasound and computed tomography examinations demonstrated cystic mass with no connection to dura. The aim of this report is to draw the attention of radiology literature readers to this entity and to elaborate on the role of imaging in the preoperative assessment of such cases. The relation of sequestrated meningocele to the other conditions with ectopic meningeal tissue in the scalp is addressed.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1999

Pediatric scalp laceration repair complicated by skin staple migration.

Skin staples are ideal for pediatric scalp laceration closure because of their rapidity of placement and economy and ease of use. We report two cases of rotatory staple migration necessitating improvised removal techniques. Clinicians should be alert for this complication, which may result from a combination of staple design, local anatomic factors, superficial placement, and prolonged delay prior to removal.

Child↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Diagnostic dilemmas in pediatric/adolescent dermatology: scaly scalp.

Scaly scalp is a common problem in the pediatric and adolescent population. The possible causes range from the commonly seen tinea capitis and seborrheic dermatitis to rare systemic diseases such as dermatomyositis and Letterer-Siwe disease. In all cases a thorough history and physical examination are important first steps to successful diagnosis and treatment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Galeal skin island flap in the reconstruction of scalp defects caused by missile injuries.

The use of the galeal skin island flap pedicled either on the superficial temporal or occipital vessels for coverage of scalp defects following neurosurgical treatment of cranial missile injuries, is presented. This technique was applied in seven consecutive patients. The defect was closed in all patients, however, only in three without complications. Indications, advantages and disadvantages of the treatment described are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Different scalp topography of brain potentials related to expression and identity matching of faces.

Event-related potentials (ERPs) and behavioral data were recorded while subjects performed two tasks on the same set of faces (presented in pairs). One task was identity matching and the other expression matching. Two groups of subjects participated, one familiar and the other unfamiliar with the faces. Subjects were less accurate in matching expressions than identity. Familiarity facilitated identity but not expression matching. ERPs to mismatches in both tasks elicited a negativity around 400 ms, which was similar in latency and amplitude in the two tasks, but differed in scalp topography. Whereas the mismatch negativity had the same landscape over the left hemisphere for both tasks, the component related to expression had larger amplitudes over the right-temporal regions. Familiarity had no effect on these negativities, although it affected a late positivity (LP). These results support the idea of distinct neural systems subserving face processing, and agree with a role of the right hemisphere for the processing of emotional expressions.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Single stage reconstruction of scalp and skull using free muscle flap and titanium mesh in patients with epidural infection.

Simultaneous scalp and skull reconstruction using free muscle flap transfer and titanium mesh was performed in two patients with postoperative intracranial infection. The postoperative course in both patients was uneventful. The transferred flap was the latissimus dorsi muscle flap in one and a combination flap with the latissimus dorsi and serratus anterior muscle in another. The titanium mesh afforded satisfactory contour with only mild foreign-body reaction and could be applied simultaneously with the free muscle flap to the infected cranial wound.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

The evaluation of cutaneous, genital, scalp, nail, esophageal, and ocular involvement in patients with oral lichen planus.

OBJECTIVE: Lichen planus, in its classical presentation, involves the oral cavity and skin. This study evaluated patients with oral lichen planus for extraoral manifestations of the disease. STUDY DESIGN: A total of 584 patients with oral lichen planus were evaluated for cutaneous, genital, scalp, nail, esophageal, and ocular lichen planus. RESULTS: Extraoral manifestations included cutaneous lichen planus in 93 patients, genital lichen planus in 19% of 399 examined women and 4.6% of 174 examined men, nail involvement in 11 patients, lichen planopilaris in 6 patients, esophageal lichen planus in 6 patients, and conjunctival lichen planus in 1 patient. Thirty-three patients developed lichen planus in 3 or more sites. CONCLUSIONS: Because a relatively high percentage of patients with oral lichen planus develop extraoral manifestations, a thorough evaluation should routinely be performed. A complete history and physical examination by a multidisciplinary group of health care providers uncovers common and uncommon extraoral features of the disease.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Button-pressing affects P300 amplitude and scalp topography.

BACKGROUND: Scant and equivocal research exists examining the effects of button-pressing on P300. Button-pressing may decrease P300 latency and amplitude. The melding of motor potentials and P300 may also confound studies of P300 topography, such as studies of temporal scalp-area asymmetries in schizophrenia. METHOD: P300 was measured on button-press and silent-count tasks in control subjects. An estimate of motor activity was constructed from a simple reaction time task, with reaction times matched to the button-press task. The motor estimate was subtracted from the button-press P300 to assess Kok's (1988) additive model. Lastly, lateral P300 from schizophrenia patients was compared with each condition's P300. RESULTS: P300 was smaller and its topography different in the button-pressing task relative to silent-counting. The motor-correction procedure generated a P300 with normal topography. Comparison of the button-press P300 in controls to the silent-count P300 in schizophrenia patients reduced a significant lateral asymmetry to trend level. This asymmetry was significant after the correction procedure. CONCLUSIONS: Button-pressing generates smaller P300 than silent-counting. Also, P300 topography in button-pressing tasks is confounded by motor potentials. The distortion can be corrected with a motor potential estimate. Motor potentials can occlude differences in P300 topography between groups.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

High-resolution EEG mapping: a radial-basis function based approach to the scalp Laplacian estimate.

OBJECTIVES: The present study addressed a new scalp Laplacian mapping (LM) algorithm. METHODS: Using a radial-basis function (RBF) as the interpolation basis function, and the smallest arc length on the surface of a spherical head model as the distance measure between two measurement sites, a new RBF based approach to LM is formulated. RESULTS: With simulated data and empirical data, comparison between the new RBF based approach and the spherical spline function (SSF) based approach was conducted in a 4-concentric spheres head model, and the results show that the RBF based approach is better than the SSF based approach to LM. CONCLUSIONS: The new RBF based approach to LM provides an additional efficient way for the neural electrical activities imaging.

Algorithms↗
PubMed2003

Scalp-recorded slow EEG responses generated in response to hemodynamic changes in the human brain.

OBJECTIVE: To study whether hemodynamic changes in human brain generate scalp-EEG responses. METHODS: Direct current EEG (DC-EEG) was recorded from 12 subjects during 5 non-invasive manipulations that affect intracranial hemodynamics by different mechanisms: bilateral jugular vein compression (JVC), head-up tilt (HUT), head-down tilt (HDT), Valsalva maneuver (VM), and Mueller maneuver (MM). DC shifts were compared to changes in cerebral blood volume (CBV) measured by near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). RESULTS: DC shifts were observed during all manipulations with highest amplitudes (up to 250 microV) at the midline electrodes, and the most pronounced changes (up to 15 microV/cm) in the DC voltage gradient around vertex. In spite of inter-individual variation in both amplitude and polarity, the DC shifts were consistent and reproducible for each subject and they showed a clear temporal correlation with changes in CBV. CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that hemodynamic changes in human brain are associated with marked DC shifts that cannot be accounted for by intracortical neuronal or glial currents. Instead, the data are consistent with a non-neuronal generator mechanism that is associated with the blood-brain barrier. SIGNIFICANCE: These findings have direct implications for mechanistic interpretation of slow EEG responses in various experimental paradigms.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Transfer of alopecia areata in the human scalp graft/Prkdc(scid) (SCID) mouse system is characterized by a TH1 response.

Alopecia areata is an autoimmune condition directed at hair follicles, which results in loss of hair. We have previously demonstrated that it is possible to transfer hair loss, along with the immunohistologic findings of alopecia areata, to human scalp grafts on Prkdc(scid) (SCID) mice by injection of autologous activated lesional T-cells. This study examines the cytokine profile of T-cells and follicular epithelium following transfer of hair loss. Two consistent findings significantly (P < 0.01) associated with hair loss were production of interferon-gamma-inducible protein-10 kDa (IP-10) by follicular epithelium (13/13), and production of INF-gamma by infiltrating T-cells (10/12). Noninjected control grafts regrew hair, and were generally negative for IP-10 (positive 2/9), and INF-gamma (positive 2/9), but expressed of IL-10 on the follicular epithelium (7/9). These data support an INF-gamma TH1 pathogenesis for hair loss in alopecia areata.

Alopecia Areata↗
PubMed1997

Atypical carcinoid of larynx: presentation with scalp metastases.

A case of atypical carcinoid tumour of the larynx in a 72-year-old woman is presented. The neoplasm was located in the supraglottic region and was first manifest by metastases to the scalp. The presence of amyloid-like material and calcitonin-positive cells were features that resembled medullary carcinoma of the thyroid. Clinically, it pursued an aggressive course that led to death 58 months after diagnosis. The literature is reviewed, particularly that regarding the differential diagnosis.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

Astrocytoma following scalp radiotherapy in infancy.

A 24 year old woman with a 15 year history of intractable seizures underwent resection of a small low grade astrocytoma of the right mesial frontal lobe. The tumor arose beneath a benign scalp nevus that had been treated in infancy with radium patches and focal x-irradiation. Neuropathological changes within the tumor were compatible with radiation injury. Meningiomas and sarcomas complicate cranial irradiation but the evidence that gliomas do so is less convincing. Our observations support an association between radiation exposure and the subsequent development of glial tumors.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Interstimulus interval has no effect on a mid-latency scalp potential generated by innocuous-related activity in the primary somatosensory cortex.

The sural nerve-evoked somatosensory evoked potential (SEP) scalp topography was separated into stable periods, where a stable period refers to consecutive time points with the same topographic pattern. The stimulus intensity-amplitude function, conduction velocity measurements, and a dipole source localization analysis of one of these stable periods, SP1 (60-90 ms post-stimulus), strongly suggests that it is generated by the response of neurons in the primary somatosensory cortex (SI) to inputs arising from the innocuous A beta peripheral afferents. Interstimulus intervals (ISI) ranging between 2.5 s and 10.0 s had no effect on SP1 amplitude. This contrasts with an earlier report from this laboratory demonstrating that subjective magnitude ratings and the amplitude of another stable period that appears at about 160-180 ms post-stimulus and that is also generated in SI, increase with decreasing ISI. Thus, ISI appears to affect perception and the late but not the mid-latency responses in SI.

Adolescent↗