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At least 1,621 records · Page 90Linked to original sources
PubMed2001

The effects of clonidine premedication and scalp infiltration of lidocaine on hemodynamic responses to laryngoscopy and skull pin head-holder insertion during skull base procedures.

This study was designed to determine if oral clonidine or lidocaine, injected into the scalp before head-holder (H-H) insertion, would attenuate the hemodynamic effects associated with intubation and H-H placement. Thirty-four patients undergoing skull base procedures were randomized to four groups. Group 1 received clonidine 5 mcg/kg po before surgery with 10 to 15 ml of 1% lidocaine infiltrated at pin insertion sites; Group 2 received clonidine with saline infiltration; Group 3 received a placebo preoperatively and had lidocaine infiltrated at pin sites; and Group 4 received a placebo with saline infiltrated. All patients had a standard anesthetic titrated to a 10 to 14 Hz EEG endpoint during laryngoscopy and H-H placement. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) was similar between groups during intubation, but heart rate (HR) increased in patients who did not receive clonidine. H-H application increased HR and MAP in Group 4. HR also increased after H-H placement in patients who received oral clonidine, while patients receiving scalp lidocaine or both clonidine and scalp lidocaine had little change in either value. Clonidine attenuated HR increases after laryngoscopy but not after H-H placement. Lidocaine injected at the pin sites reduced HR, and MAP increased after H-H insertion. The combination of oral clonidine and scalp lidocaine blunted hemodynamic responses to both intubation and H-H placement.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1985

Inhibition of spontaneous ACTH release and improved response to CRF in sheep premedicated with the enkephalin analogue DAMME.

The effect of IV injections of an enkephalin analogue (DAMME) in sheep prior to the administration of CRF has been compared with chlorpromazine-morphine (CPZ-M) injections as well as a chlorpromazine-morphine-nembutal (CPZ-M-N) regime. The results showed that the administration of DAMME 60 minutes prior to CRF injections, gave more consistent and more sustained inhibition of spontaneous plasma ACTH and plasma cortisol secretion than either CPZ-M or CPZ-M-N pre-treatment. Changes in plasma ACTH and plasma cortisol levels were more readily detectable in DAMME-treated sheep as compared with saline controls when 50 micrograms injections of CRF were given into the carotid artery. This suggests that DAMME may inhibit endogenous CRF release by an action at hypothalamic level or above.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗
PubMed1996

[Premedication].

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Adult↗
PubMed1997

The use of propofol for induction of anaesthesia in dogs premedicated with acepromazine, butorphanol and acepromazine-butorphanol.

Cardiovascular, pulmonary and anaesthetic-analgesic responses were evaluated in 18 male and female dogs to determine the effect of the injectable anaesthetic propofol used in conjuction with acepromazine and butorphanol. The dogs were randomly divided into three groups. Dogs in Group A were premeditated with 0.1 mg/kg of intramuscular acepromazine followed by an induction dose of 4.4 mg/kg of intravenous propofol; Group B received 0.2 mg/kg of intramuscular butorphanol and 4.4 mg/kg of intravenous propofol; dogs in Group AB were administered a premeditation combination of 0.1 mg/kg of intramuscular acepromazine and 0.2 mg/kg of intramuscular butorphanol, followed by induction with 3.3 mg/kg of intravenous propofol. The induction dose of propofol was given over a period of 30-60 seconds to determine responses and duration of anaesthesia. Observations recorded in the dogs included heart and respiratory rates, indirect arterial blood pressures (systolic, diastolic and mean), cardiac rhythm, end-tidal CO, tension, oxygen saturation, induction time, duration of anaesthesia, recovery time and adverse reactions. The depth of anaesthesia was assessed by the response to mechanical noxious stimuli (tail clamping), the degree of muscle relaxation and the strength of reflexes. Significant respiratory depression was seen after propofol induction in both groups receiving butorphanol with or without acepromazine. The incidence of apnea was 4/6 dogs in Group B, and 5/6 dogs in Group AB. The incidence of apnea was also correlated to the rate of propofol administration. Propofol-mediated decreases in arterial blood pressure were observed in all three groups. Moderate bradycardia (minimum value > 55 beats/min) was observed in both Groups B and AB. There were no cardiac dysrhythmias noted in any of the 18 dogs. The anaesthetic duration and recovery times were longer in dogs premeditated with acepromazine/butorphanol.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2001

Can selection assessments predict students' achievements in the premedical year?: a study at Arabian Gulf University.

BACKGROUND: In a problem-based learning (PBL) program, students are encouraged to develop self-motivation, self-confidence, communication skills and problem-solving skills. Measuring these attributes when selecting students into medical schools is a formidable task. Admission to medical school typically depends upon students' academic achievement in their prior education. In the past 3 years the College of Medicine and Medical Science (CMMS) at the Arabian Gulf University, which has a PBL curriculum, adopted an admission policy that utilizes final high school scores, a written admission examination in English and science, as well as a structured interview. OBJECTIVE: To determine the extent to which the admissions measures predict academic achievement in the first year of studies at CMMS. DESIGN: Prediction study of prospectively collected data. Final cumulative score for all subjects at the end of the first year was the main dependent variable analyzed. SUBJECTS: All students admitted to the college during the academic year 1998-1999. RESULTS: The written admission science examination scores had the highest correlation (r =0.663, p< 0.05) with the Year 1 final cumulative score. Although the admission interview focused on non-cognitive student attributes, which may or may not affect the students' academic performance, its score had a statistically significant, if low, correlation with the Year 1 final cumulative score (r =0.275, p< 0.012). Approximately 59% of the total variability of the Year 1 final cumulative scores could be explained by the admission examination scores in science and English and the high school scores. CONCLUSION: Procedures for selecting students who are most likely to succeed academically in the initial year at an innovative medical school deserve further study and probably should include both academic performance and non-academic attributes.

Journal Article↗