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PubMed1997

Dermal exposure of amateur or non-occupational users to wood-preservative fluids applied by brushing outdoors.

The results of an experiment to determine the likely dermal exposure of amateur or occasional users to wood-preservative fluids, applied by brushing onto a wooden fence outdoors are presented. Exposure was measured using FIVES, a fluorescence monitoring technique developed at the Health and Safety Laboratory. Dermal exposure could be examined and measured in a detail that would have been impossible using any other technique. A number of factors were found to affect dermal exposure, including some that were unexpected. Trousers, a long-sleeved shirt and permeable gloves offered 20 times the protection of shorts and a T-shirt. Differences between individual subjects' behaviour gave rise to variations of a factor of 10. There was far more contamination at lower ambient temperatures, possibly because of more vigorous brushing. Spirit-based fluid caused more exposure than water-based fluid, probably because the spirit flicked easily from the brush as a spray whereas the water remained in soapy globules. Only 1.6 times more fluid was applied in 1 h than in 0.5 h, but it caused 3.7 times as much contamination.

Environmental Exposure↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[A method of using synergists in studying the level of activity of enzyme systems and their participation in the mechanism of action of insecticides on insects].

An indirect toxicology method was used to assess the monooxygenase (MO) and nonspecific esterase (NE) activities in three synanthropic cockroach species and four races of houseflies with the help of common and novel organophosphorus and pyrethroid synergists: piperonyl butoxide (PB), S,S,S-tributyltrithiophosphate (TBTP), Kitazin-P, Karesan, butylmercapto-2-thio-1,3,2-oxazaphosphorinan (AO-6), and 2-phenylmercapto-2-thio-1,3,2-oxazaphosphorinan (AO-2). The relationship between the coefficient of synergistic effect (CSE) and the concentrations of MO and NE inhibitors was described, and the minimum effective concentrations with the highest synergistic effect were determined. These concentrations are advisable for use in the insect enzyme assays and studies of insecticide detoxification and insect resistance to them.

Animals↗