SEARCH · Search PubMed
Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.
Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.
This report documents the physical characteristics and treatment of a patient with the extremely rare finding of complete agenesis of the soft palate. The posterior hard palate cleft and soft palate agenesis were treated with a palatal pushback procedure.
OBJECTIVE: The development of the secondary palate of Twirler (Tw) mice was characterized, and a quantitative coronal plane evaluation of the width and length of the craniofacial regions of homozygous mutant embryos was conducted. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: The secondary palatal shelves were retarded in growth and the timing of elevation from a vertical to horizontal position. The homozygous Tw embryos, when compared with their wild-type littermates, also had a significantly wider midface. It is not surprising, therefore, that the short palatal shelves in a wide midface resulted in cleftings of the secondary palate observed in all homozygous Tw mice. These findings are consistent with similar studies in humans and other murine models.
OBJECTIVE: To characterize the velopharyngeal morphology of patients with persistent velopharyngeal incompetence (VPI) following repushback surgery for cleft palate. PARTICIPANTS: Seven patients with moderate to severe VPI following repushback surgery for secondary correction of cleft palate, and 14 patients who had already obtained complete velopharyngeal closure function (VPF) were enrolled. Control data were obtained from the longitudinal files of 20 normal children in Kyushu University Dental Hospital. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Skeletal landmarks and measurements were derived from tracing of lateral roentgenographic cephalograms. The measurements included velar length, pharyngeal depth, and pharyngeal height and the ratio of velar length to pharyngeal depth. Additionally, the configuration of the upper pharynx (pharyngeal triangle) involving the cranial base, cervical vertebrae, and the posterior maxilla and also the position of posterior pharyngeal wall (PPW) in the pharyngeal triangle were analyzed. RESULTS: The VPI group had a significantly shorter velar length and greater pharyngeal depth, resulting in a smaller length/depth ratio than the controls. The points of PPW and cervical vertebrae of the VPI group were located more posteriorly and inferiorly than those in the group with complete VPF after the primary operation and the controls. The positions of cranial base and maxilla were not significantly different. Additionally, the position of PPW in the pharyngeal triangle was located significantly posteriorly and superiorly in the VPI group, compared with the controls. CONCLUSIONS: The craniopharyngeal morphology of patients with persistent VPI was characterized by a short palate, wide-based and counterclockwise-rotated pharyngeal triangle, and posteriorly and superiorly positioned PPW. These might be contributory factors for the prediction of VPF before repushback surgery for cleft palate.
REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Contributes to the understanding of the pathogenesis of dorsal displacement of the soft palate during exercise so that management of this condition could be enhanced. HYPOTHESIS: That the thyrohyoid muscles play an important role in the stability of the laryngo-palatal relationship and that dysfunction of these muscles leads to dorsal displacement of the soft palate (DDSP) during exercise. METHODS: Ten horses were exercised on a high-speed treadmill under 4 different treatment conditions: control conditions (n = 10), after resection of thyrohyoid muscles (TH, n = 10), after sham-treatment (n = 5), or after restoration of function of the thyrohyoid muscles with surgical sutures (prosthesis-treatment, n = 6). During trials, the following determinations were made: videoendoscopy of the upper airway, gait frequency and pharyngeal and tracheal static pressures. RESULTS: None of the 10 horses developed DDSP during 2 separate treadmill-exercise trials under the control conditions. Seven of the 10 horses developed DDSP after resection of the TH muscles, 4 of 5 of these horses still experienced DDSP after sham-treatment, but 5 of 6 horses no longer experienced DDSP at exercise after the prosthesis-treatment. There were significant anomalies in airway pressures, respiratory frequency, and occurrence of DDSP in both the TH resection and sham-treatment conditions compared to control conditions. In contrast, no statistical differences were noted in any of the parameters measured between the prosthesis-treatment and control conditions. CONCLUSIONS: That the function of the TH muscles is important to the stability of the laryngo-palatal relationship and plays a role in the pathophysiology of exercise-induced DDSP. POTENTIAL RELEVANCE: Management of horses with DDSP could be enhanced by restoring the function of the TH muscles.
To examine the role of the tensor veli palatini muscle in palatal movement, we conducted 1) quantitative measurement of palatal movement by selective stimulation of the tensor and levator muscles, and 2) EMG recording of the two muscles during phonation. The results were: 1) negligible palatal movement upon tensor stimulation, despite a marked velar elevation by levator stimulation; and 2) little EMG activity of the tensor and marked EMG activity of the levator during phonation. It was concluded that the tensor plays no role in the palatal function.
During a genetics study of the cleft palate trait in the chicken, another traint, names "Palatal pits" was observed. In the S.C.W. Leghorn inbred line used in the cleft palate study the incidence of palatal pits was 0.79%. Preliminary analysis indicated that the trait was recessive and followed the segregation of a simple Mendelian gene. The symbol pt was suggested to identify this gene.
A total of 353 children with cleft lips and palates were examined with regard to the morphology of the tissue surrounding the clefts in the lip, jaw, and palate. Photographs, radiograms (panoramic views of the maxilla), and study models were taken prior to operation. Results indicate a close relationship between the degree and condition of the cleft and the extension of the vermilion, the number of tooth buds adjacent to the cleft, the form and size of the alveolar borders, and the number and type of incisors. In isolated cleft palates, the cleft edges are always symmetrical and there is a gradual transition from board-arched, total clefts of the hard palate to the bifid uvula having no impact on articulation.
The authors suggest classifying palatal clefts as an individual nosological entity resultant from impaired differentiation, growth, and fusion of primary embryonal structures forming the palate as an anatomical structure. Definition of the palatal interface on the basis of the embryo-pathogenetic principle underlies the working classification of palatal defects developing after uranoplasty.
The soft palate has a major influence on mandibulo-lingual statics. Thus in the case of congenital cleft palate, there is in general glossoptosis with mandibular retrognathia. Conversely, palatal shortening may be associated with functional mandibular prognathia which it is possible to correct by urano-staphylo-pharyn-goplasty, if carried out sufficiently early. In many cases of mandibular prognathia the soft palate has a special shape and orientation. The problem is to know whether this appearance is secondary to the dysmorphosis or partially responsible for it.
This study was undertaken to examine the normal and abnormal epithelial alterations of secondary palate in rats. Control and dexamethasone-treated embryos and fetuses of Wistar rats were evaluated by macroscopic and scanning electron microscopic analysis prior to, during, and after fusion of palatal processes. Normal alterations of the surface topography included growth and disorganization of medial edge epithelial cells followed by fusion and posterior migration to both the oral and nasal aspects of the palate. No evidence of epithelial cell death or transformation was observed. Dexamethasone-treated fetuses showed epithelial cells increased in size with a large amount of desquamation, followed by deposition of a disorganized cell layer with keratin-like characteristics. This allowed no fusion of palatal processes.
The authors observed the changing process of length, width and height of maxillary growth in experimental animals, the experimental animals were divided into the unoperated control group, the surgical induced cleft palate group, the repaired cleft palate group and the group of implanted autograft bone in total hard palate. The method of a serial dorsoventral and lateral cephalograms were used in the study. The experimental result showed: the rate of maxillary growth began to change from two to four weeks and finished in the eighteenth week after operation. There was a remarkable different rate of maxillary growth among the four groups. The track of premaxillary growth had a difference between unoperated control group and the others. The experimental result suggested that the direction of growth in nasal septal cartilage and the conduction of force from premaxillary to maxillary were inhibited. It is a main reason for maxillary growth disturbance of the cleft palate who had or had not surgery.
Cleft lip and palate is a severe birth defect occurring approximately one in 800-1000 newborn infants. The incidence varies widely among races. Cleft lip and palate together account for approximately 50% of all cases whereas isolated cleft lip and isolated cleft palate occur in about 25% of cases. Many of these congenital anomalies appear to be genetically determined though the majority are of unknown causes or teratogenic influences. Presented here is a 3 day old infant with bilateral cleft lip and palate and phocomelia for whom a feeding obturator was made and delivered to facilitate feeding.
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: Minor salivary gland carcinoma of the hard palate is rare, and its long-term survival rate is high, making it difficult to evaluate the prognostic factors and the efficacy of treatment. This study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of treatment and investigate the prognostic factors of minor salivary gland carcinoma of the hard palate. METHODS: Ninety-six cases of minor salivary gland carcinoma of the hard palate hospitalized in Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, from 1964 to 2001 were reviewed retrospectively. The cumulative survival rate was analyzed by Kaplan-Meier method. The factors were compared using the log-rank test. The influencing factors were screened by Cox proportional hazards model. RESULTS: The 5- and 10-year overall survival rates were 65.60% and 47.90%, respectively. The 5- and 10-year disease-specific survival rates for the patients treated with surgery (53 cases) and surgery + radiotherapy (35 cases) were 73.14%, 67.40% and 66.58%,46.60%,respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that age >or=50 years old,tumor size >or=3 cm,surgical margin status,and recurrence were independently associated with decreased survival rates (P< 0.05). CONCLUSION: Surgery or surgery dominated multi-modality therapy was the principal treatment modality for minor salivary gland carcinoma of the hard palate. Age >or=50 years old, tumor size >or=3 cm, surgical margin status, and recurrence are independent factors affecting the prognosis.
A clinical and experimental study showed the negative effect of cleft lip and palate on the growth and development of the maxilla, as well as on the morphological and functional conditions of the small intestine, which resulted in impaired digestive function and malabsorption and led to atrophy of the hyper-regenerative type. Based on these facts, the authors developed a method of atraumatic surgery for soft palate with oesophageal orifice narrowing. The technique was applied in 72 children of tender age, out of whom 27 had their defect eliminated solely by means of soft palate surgery without involving the hard palate tissue. Early surgery enables to achieve normalization of a number of clinical and laboratory factors.
OBJECTIVE: To study the morphology of the soft palate in normal humans with digital radiography and to provide the references for therapy of the cleft. METHODS: 106 normal people were involved. The morphology of the soft palate was observed with digital cephalometry. RESULTS: All static images of soft palate could be divided into six types: Shuttle-shaped, crescent-shaped, strip-shaped, S-shaped, hamulus-shaped and anomalous shaped. The dynamic image was knee-shaped. CONCLUSION: The morphology of the soft palate is varied.
The technique of electrostimulation of the soft palate muscles of children with cleft palate is described. Low-frequency electrostimulation courses were carried out before and after surgery in accordance with the degree of decompensation of the palatopharyngeal junction. This method was effectively used in 30 children with cleft palate. The treatment efficacy was assessed by the morphometric and electromyographic methods, that have confirmed that electrostimulation improved the morphology of soft palatal muscles.
The present study investigates the effects of several nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on mouse palatal fusion in vivo and in vitro. Five different nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents were injected into pregnant mice of the AKR-strain on day 13.5 of gestation. Paired palatal processes from 13.5- and 14.5-day-old mouse embryos were organ-cultured for 72 hours in control and anti-inflammatory drug-containing media. Each experimental group of animals and explants received one of the following drugs: naproxen, sulindac, indomethacin, diclofenac, and mefenamic acid. Drug treatment induced different frequencies of cleft palate in the offspring. The most teratogenic drug was sulindac, and indomethacin was almost ineffective. In vitro each drug prevented fusion of the palatine processes in treated explants, and the degree of inhibition was dependent on the stage of development at the time of explanation. In both the in vivo and in vitro experiments, the drugs prevented medial epithelial cell breakdown that normally occurs in the medial secondary palatal epithelium. The results obtained in the present study suggest that prostaglandins may play an important role in normal differentiation of the developing palatine region.
A case of carcinoma in situ in the soft palate in a 46-year-old man, heavy smoker, is presented. Six month's previously the patients own dentist discovered a rash in the soft palate, but no biopsy was taken until 6 months later when the patient was referred to the Dental Department, University Hospital, Copenhagen. The patient was referred to an oncologic department for evaluation. As radiation therapy was not indicated, surgery was performed. This included removal of the soft palate, tonsil and tonsil fossae. The patient had a palate plate done to relieve problems with swallowing. Patients with a long history of heavy smoking and oral lesions with suspicion for malignancy should always immediately after recognition of the lesion have more intensive examination and this should include a biopsy to establish a reliable diagnosis.