Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “ORTHODONTICS”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 1,621 records · Page 90Linked to original sources
PubMed2004

Retrospective revelations: twenty orthodontically treated individuals with unilateral cleft lip and palate.

AIM: Twenty patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate, orthodontically treated from the full primary or early transitional dentition stages until retention and dismissal, were recalled later in adult life to evaluate the status of their occlusion and facial appearance. METHODS: Cephalometric radiographs, photographs, and casts were attained as final records. In several instances, final records were obtained by orthodontic colleagues at the patient's current residence. Evaluation of the longitudinal records provided retrospective insight pertinent to the growth and positional relationships of the jaws' contiguous structures and the dentition. RESULTS: Orthodontic results are linked with observations related to the nasomaxillary complex: the anterior cranial base, tissue deficiency, the maxillary and mandibular dentition, and time modifications in skeletal facial growth. At adult ages, the patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate had acceptable facial profiles and acceptable alignment of the anterior dentition. Variances noted in mandibular pattern of growth explain attainment of acceptable relationships. In many cases, tissue deficiency in the anterior cleft region was compensated for with fixed partial dentures and removable prosthetic appliances. Posterior crossbites, although few in number, were proportionately more prevalent in this unilateral cleft lip and palate patient population than was anticipated; possible reasons are presented, taking into consideration congenital contingencies and therapeutic overlays.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Surgical orthodontic treatment of a severe open bite malocclusion with cleft palate and neuropathy.

AIM: This case demonstrates an orthodontic and surgical approach to a severe open bite malocclusion with cleft palate and neuropathy. METHODS: Pre- and postsurgical orthodontic treatment involved a multi-bracket appliance, Le Fort I osteotomy, and sagittal split mandibular ramus osteotomy. The diagnostic background and the treatment procedures are sequentially presented. CONCLUSION: The combined orthognathic surgery and orthodontic treatment resulted in a significant correction of the occlusion.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Orthodontic treatment as prevention of periodontal changes].

Even the general dental practitioners consider the orthodontic therapeutical interventions carried out with removable appliances as a harmful procedure. It is much less known how the lack of adequate orthodontic treatment endangers the peridontium. Clinical data show a cause related correlation between the maxillary incisor protrusion, mandibular frontal jammed dentition, deep vertical overbite, openbite, crossbite early deciduous tooth extractions and the periodontal pathological happenings. So it is very important to start an early orthodontic treatment to avoid the periodontal consequences of malocclusion before it has become irreversible.

Child↗
PubMed2005

Bonding orthodontic brackets to porcelain using different adhesives/enamel conditioners: a comparative study.

AIM: To evaluate the use of new adhesive/primer materials, including an experimental self-etch primer and a cyanocrylate adhesive, to enhance the shear strength of orthodontic brackets bonded to porcelain surfaces. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Sixty porcelain maxillary central incisor teeth were used. The teeth were randomly divided into four groups: group 1, teeth were etched with 37% phosphoric acid and the brackets were bonded with a composite adhesive; group 2, teeth were microetched, hydrofluoric acid and silane applied, and then the brackets were bonded with a composite adhesive; group 3, an acid-etch primer was used, then the brackets were bonded with the same composite adhesive as in the first 2 groups; group 4, teeth were etched with 35% phosphoric acid and the brackets were bonded with the cyanoacrylate adhesive. RESULTS: The analysis of variance comparing the groups tested (F = 9.446) indicated that there was a significant difference between the 4 groups. The cyanoacrylate adhesive had the lowest shear bond strength (mean = 1.7 +/- 2.1 MPa), followed by the conventional bonding using a 37% phosphoric acid etch and composite (mean = 2.1 +/- 1.2 MPa). The use of Transbond after microetching, with the application of hydrofluoric acid and silane, provided the highest shear bond strength (mean = 5.5 +/- 2.7 MPa). Transbond used with the acid etch-primer had a lower bond strength (mean = 3.8 +/- 2.5 MPa), but was not significantly different from the microetch/hydrofluoric acid/silane group. CONCLUSION: The results indicated that the use of a phosphoric acid etch with either a cyanoacrylate or composite adhesive to bond orthodontic brackets to porcelain surfaces produced significantly lower shear bond strength. Self-etch primers produced higher but less consistent shear bond strength for bonding orthodontic brackets. The most reliable bonding procedure to porcelain surfaces is through microetching with the use of hydrofluoric acid and a silane coupler before bonding, but this also produces the greatest damage to the porcelain surface.

Acid Etching, Dental↗
PubMed2005

[Development of a questionnaire to evaluate the cooperation of adolescent orthodontic patients].

OBJECTIVE: To develop a questionnaire to evaluate the cooperation of adolescent orthodontic patients. METHODS: 182 orthodontic patients (9 - 15 years old, 78 boys and 104 girls) with fixed appliance were selected in Dalian. A questionnaire was developed according to the past research and 4 hypotheses. RESULTS: The scale is made up of 25 items and 4 factors. The reliability of this scale was confirmed (the reliability coefficient > 0.9 and Cronbach alpha coefficient > 0.7). CONCLUSION: The questionnaire may be used to evaluate the cooperation of orthodontic patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Orthodontic treatment need and demand in a group of Nigerian adults: a teaching hospital-based study.

Adults may be less influenced by peer perceptions and are, generally, more stable in their concerns about appearance compared to adolescents. This study aimed at assessing the level of objective orthodontic treatment need and demand for such care among the Nigerian adults in a referral centre (University College Hospital, Ibadan) as well as their social class. The Dental Aesthetic Index was used to assess the objective orthodontic treatment need while the social class of the subjects was according to the Registrar General's social class. During the study period (January 2001-September 2002), 49 adults aged 20-55 years with mean age of 25+ 6.3 (SD) years accounting for 27.5% of all orthodontic patients were seen. Equal proportions of the subjects had normal or minor malocclusions needing no treatment or slight treatment need and very severe or handicapping malocclusions with treatment considered mandatory (32.6% each). Next were severe malocclusions with treatment highly desirable accounting for 20.4%, followed by definite malocclusions with treatment elective (14.3%). Majority (71.4%) of the subjects was of the middle class families.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Relapse after orthodontics and orthognathic surgery.

A combined orthodontic and surgical approach is often the treatment of choice for the correction of severe dentofacial deformities. Numerous orthognathic surgical procedures have been developed for this treatment. It is clear that certain orthognathic surgical procedures have a tendency to relapse; many studies have been conducted in an attempt to create a pattern of predictability and a prognosis of stability. This article reviews the literature briefly and presents four cases in which the combined surgical and orthodontic approach produced less than satisfactory results. The small number of patients does not permit statistical evaluation or firm conclusions regarding the occurrence and the etiology of relapse in general. This article underlines the importance of long-term follow-up for all patients treated with a combination of orthodontics and orthognathic surgery.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Changes in the soft tissue facial profile following orthodontic extractions: a geometric morphometric study.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study is to test the null hypothesis that changes in soft tissue facial profile in children who undergo orthodontic treatment, using either an extraction or non-extraction technique, do not differ. DESIGN: Longitudinal, retrospective. SETTING AND SAMPLE POPULATION: San Juan, PR and Aberdeen, UK. Fifty-eight consecutively treated children using fixed appliances with a mean age of 13.2 (+/- 2.1) years. EXPERIMENTAL VARIABLE: Extraction of the upper and lower, first or second premolars. OUTCOME MEASURES: The mean pre- and post-treatment, extraction and non-extraction configurations were compared using finite-element scaling analysis (FESA), incorporating a thin-plate spline interpolation. RESULTS: Post-treatment the two groups differed statistically in the premaxillary region (p < 0.05) with the non-extraction group being relatively larger in that region by 25%. For the non-extraction group after treatment, localized increases in relative size in the naso-maxillary region size of 25% (p < 0.01) were present. For the extraction group after treatment, a non-significant reduction in relative size of 15% was localized in the putative bicuspid area. CONCLUSION: Soft tissue facial differences in non-extraction and extraction cases prior to treatment may be accentuated following orthodontic treatments that elect non-extraction or extraction protocols. Robust diagnosis and treatment planning, incorporating the judicious use of extractions if appropriate, may yield optimal orthodontic outcomes.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

The bond strength of orthodontic resins to porcelain.

Orthodontic brackets were bonded to one of two porcelain surfaces using a self-cured or one of two light-activated orthodontic bonding resins. The porcelain surfaces were either glazed (control) or deglazed (experimental) by being subjected to either 1.23% APF for 4 minutes or roughened with a Busch silent wheel. The bonds were tested to failure in shear mode on a universal mechanical testing machine. For one porcelain, there was no significant difference in the mean bond strengths between the control and the APF-treated surface, but for the second porcelain the mean bond strength was significantly greater when the surface was de-glazed by abrasion. It is considered that the mean bond strengths may be inadequate to withstand manipulations associated with routine orthodontic therapy.

Acid Etching, Dental↗
PubMed2005

Comparison of the bond strength of stainless steel orthodontic brackets bonded to crown porcelains.

BACKGROUND: The bond strengths and mode of failure of stainless steel orthodontic brackets bonded to the newer all-ceramic crown systems has not been fully investigated. OBJECTIVES: To compare the shear-peel bond strengths and modes of failure of stainless steel Begg orthodontic brackets bonded to all-ceramic crown systems (Finesse, Empress II) and a conventional feldsphatic crown porcelain (Vita Omega 900). METHODS: Fifteen flat-surface discs of three crown porcelains (Finesse, Vita Omega 900, Empress II) were made and mounted in acrylic moulds. The discs were pumiced, etched with phosphoric acid, primed with silane, and a flat stainless steel Begg bracket bonded to each disc with a chemical cure composite resin (Unite Bond). The discs were stored for one week in water and debonded with a sheer-peel load in an Instron uniaxial testing system with a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min. The composite remnants on the ceramic surfaces were classified using the Adhesive Remnant Index (ARI). RESULTS: The bond strength of Finesse (15.03 +/- 1.90 MPa) was significantly greater (p < 0.001) than Vita Omega 900 11.51 +/- 2.35 MPa) and Empress II (11.12 +/- 1.78 MPa). There were no significant differences among the ARI scores. The mode of failure was a mixture of adhesive and cohesive failure. CONCLUSION: The results indicate that the bond strengths of stainless steel orthodontic brackets bonded to Finesse and Empress II porcelains are clinically acceptable.

Acid Etching, Dental↗
PubMed2005

Celebrex offers a small protection from root resorption associated with orthodontic movement.

UNLABELLED: Tooth movement results from alveolar bone resorption/deposition following application of orthodontic forces, and root resorption can be an undesirable complication associated with this process. No treatment for external root resorption is available to date. OBJECTIVE: To determine if COX-2 inhibitors like Celebrex are effective in protecting root resorption associated with orthodontic forces. METHODS: A force of 80 grams was applied to the left maxillary first molars of 7-week-old female Wistar rats using nickel titanium closed coil springs attached to the cervical area of the incisors with 0.010 stainless-steel ligature wires. Twenty animals were divided into three experimental groups: one receiving no treatment, the second receiving 25mg/kg, and the third receiving 50 mg/kg of celecoxib (Celebrex) in their drinking water. Rats were maintained on a soft diet and euthanized two weeks after initial placement of the force. Paraffin-embedded sections of the right (control) and left (experimental) maxillae were stained with H&E and the areas of root resorption were examined by counting the number of lacunaes in the roots. RESULTS: No difference in the distance of tooth movement (0.5 mm/two weeks) was seen in all three groups. The rats that received the low dose of Celebrex showed no statistically significant difference in root resorption than that of the rats that received no dose. The rats that received the high dose of Celebrex showed a lower number of lacunaes (mean = 3.5) than that of the control group (mean 10.2; p=0.02). CONCLUSIONS: Administration of Celebrex during the application of orthodontic forces does not interfere with tooth movement and appears to offer some slight protection against root resorption.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Results of the questionnaire on orthodontic boards.

There has been a proliferation of Orthodontic Boards across the world but there is no uniformity in standards, purposes or in the type of examination. In order to promote discussion at the International Orthodontic Congress in Paris in September 2005 a questionnaire was sent out to 80 Orthodontic Societies on the World Federation of Orthodontists list. There was a limited response to the questionnaire but the results are described in this paper. It illustrated that there were mainly two types of Board, mandatory ones that acted to license the Orthodontist in that country on the Specialist register and voluntary ones where the orthodontist demonstrates his excellence. The paper describes the answers to the various questions asked on the purpose, eligibility and type of examination of the Boards. They were also asked about the feasibility of an International Board. This was rejected as an option but an affiliation of Boards was recommended.

Asia↗
PubMed2006

The impact of fixed orthodontic appliances on daily life.

OBJECTIVE: i) To develop a measure of the impact of fixed orthodontic appliances on daily life. ii) To assess the impact of fixed appliances over time after initial appliance placement. iii) To investigate factors that may influence the impact of fixed appliances (age, gender and socioeconomic status). RESEARCH DESIGN: Questionnaire. CLINICAL SETTING: University Dental Hospital and Hope Hospital, Manchester. SAMPLE: Sixty-six patients, whose orthodontic appliances had just been placed. Twenty-eight patients whose orthodontic appliances were in place for at least six months were used for the reliability study. METHOD: The Impact of Fixed Appliances Questionnaire was developed using standard qualitative methods and pre-tested on 10 patients. This resulted in a questionnaire with nine conceptual impact sub-scales: aesthetic, functional limitation, dietary, oral hygiene, maintenance, physical, social, time constraints and travel/cost. The questionnaire was piloted on 66 patients, at the first, second and third visits after their fixed appliance had been placed, to assess the impact of fixed appliances over time. Questionnaire reliability, over a one-month time interval, was assessed on 40 patients who had been in treatment for at least six months. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Impact of fixed appliances on daily life. RESULTS: The internal reliability of the questionnaire ranged from moderate to very good (Cronbach's alpha 0.56-0.89). Test-retest reliability was stable for most subscales (intra-class correlation coefficient 0.26-0.65). The questionnaire was said to have face validity and also content validity because of the method of questionnaire development through interviewing children with fixed appliances. None of the subscales scores reduced over time except aesthetic impact (p< 0.05) but this was probably not a clinically significant change. Age was the predominant variable to influence the impact of fixed appliances with younger children being less affected during their daily life (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The questionnaire developed in this study is a reliable tool for assessing the impact of fixed appliances on the daily life of children. It is unlikely that the impact of fixed appliances on daily life reduces as the patient progresses through treatment. Younger patients are probably more adaptable to treatment with fixed appliances, in terms of reduced impact on daily life, so arguably treatment should be started as early as possible. This information could also be used to educate, reassure and motivate patients at the start of treatment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

In vivo reliability of an infrared fluorescence method for quantification of carious lesions in orthodontic patients.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the reliability of a laser-induced infrared fluorescence method, DIAGNOdent, for measuring orthodontically induced white spot lesions. The subjects comprised 13 orthodontic patients, aged 13-17 years, who had recently completed fixed appliance therapy: 137 test teeth were selected, with white spot lesions on the facial or buccal smooth surfaces. An initial visual inspection was performed to localise and record the measuring region. The predetermined measuring regions were scanned to locate the sites of the highest reading. The readings and their corresponding sites were registered on the print out photographs. Following the measurement by the first examiner, the second and the third examiners took DIAGNOdent readings independently at the same lesion sites indicated on the photographs, under identical conditions. One week later, DIAGNOdent readings of the same lesions were retaken by the three observers working independently. Intra- and inter- examiner agreements on DIAGNOdent quantification of lesion severity were analysed by Intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC). The ICC values for intra-examiner agreement for the three examiners were 0.91, 0.97, and 0.98, respectively, with a mean value of 0.95, indicating excellent agreement. The ICC values for inter-examiner agreement were comparatively lower: 0.69 and 0.82 for the first and second measurements, respectively. It was concluded that the reliability of the DIAGNOdent readings on white spot lesions associated with orthodontic banding was good.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Introduction of a new orthodontic treatment planning software; a fuzzy logic expert system.

General practitioners can learn the mechanical aspects of orthodontics quickly. But they are not usually sure about the treament plans they propose. In this article, new software is described that proposes treatment plans fornon-surgical orthodontic cases. This computer program can receive patients' data in both graphical and numerical forms. The concepts of fuzzy logic have been used to enable the software to work with nominal parameters. This feature greatly simplifies the use of the software because it does not force the user to measure several numerical variables. Each patients' data is saved by this software and the saved data can be modified or deleted later. The computer program is prepared to deal with special cases such as incomplete dentitions appropriately. The software is supposed to reduce the number of inappropriate extractions and erroneous treatment plans for orthodontic purposes.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

[Orthodontic treatment for the impacted upper central incisors: report of 28 cases].

PURPOSE: To study the effect of treating the impacted upper central incisors which couldn't erupt by surgical exposure and orthodontic traction. METHODS: 28 cases with 30 impacted upper central incisors were treated with surgical exposure and orthodontic traction. RESULTS: In 1 case, the tooth erupted by traction. but the space was not enough, the child's parents refused extraction of the teeth, which resulted in malalignment of the maxillary incisors. In 1 case, the tooth erupted after 3 months of traction, but the patient gave up further treatment because he had no revisit time. In the remaining 26 cases all the teeth moved into correct position. The average eruption time was 4.5 month (rang: 1 to 10 months). 28 impacted teeth had vital pulp. No root absorption and conglutination were found. CONCLUSIONS: The time of treatment, reasonable orthodontic method, less operative trauma, appropriate traction force, anchorage, control of inflammation are the keys of successful treatment.

Child↗
PubMed2006

Orthodontic treatment in the early mixed dentition: is this the optimum time to start care?

The age at which children should start orthodontic treatment has been debated amongst orthodontists for many decades. Orthodontists can agree on what is a quality orthodontic result, but disagree as to how and when to best obtain this result Some orthodontists contend that starting treatment in the primary dentition is the most effective means of orthodontic care. Other orthodontists would prefer to begin in the early or late mixed dentition. Still others would rather postpone treatment until the permanent dentition at approximately age 12. This article will evaluate the pros and cons of initiating treatment at different ages.

Age Factors↗