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At least 1,621 records · Page 90Linked to original sources
PubMed1998

[Sepsis caused by Streptococcus pneumonia in newborn infants. 2 case reports].

Streptococcus pneumoniae is responsible for 2% of all neonatal sepsis. The results of epidemiological studies suggest that newborns acquire infection by the ascending route or during the passage through the birth canal. It has been hypothesized that colonization of the maternal genital tract with S. pneumoniae might be caused by contamination of obstetric instruments with the microorganism or by sexual practices, particularly oro-genital contact. From our NICU's database, two cases of newborn sepsis due to Streptococcus pneumoniae, occurred between 1988 and 1996 have been found; the first case presented a fatal disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), the second a severe respiratory failure. Antibiotic treatment of women carrying S. pneumoniae in the genital tract and their infants should be strongly recommended, on the basis of the potentially serious consequences for the infants.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1999

[Clinical, bactericidal and pharmacological evaluation of the effects of netromycin].

AIM: To analyze clinical, bactericidal effectiveness and pharmacokinetics of wide-spectrum antibiotic netromycin (NM). MATERIALS AND METHODS: The trial entered 29 patients: 21 with bronchopulmonary diseases (pneumonia and chronic bronchitis), 5 with exacerbation of chronic pyelonephritis, 2 with infectious endocarditis and 1 with peritonsillar abscess. RESULTS: Microbiologically, most of the agents (80.36%) showed sensitivity to NM. Pharmacologically, NM persisted long in blood serum and sputum irrespective of the administration mode. Positive clinical dynamics after NM treatment was achieved in all the patients but one who had a peritonsillar abscess. CONCLUSION: NM is highly active against both gram-positive and gram-negative flora. Side effects are minimal.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A randomized prospective comparison of oral levofloxacin plus intraperitoneal (IP) vancomycin and IP netromycin plus IP vancomycin as primary treatment of peritonitis complicating CAPD.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the therapeutic efficacy of daily oral levofloxacin plus intermittent intraperitoneal (IP) vancomycin (group 1) versus daily IP netromycin and intermittent IP vancomycin (group 2) in the primary treatment of peritonitis complicating continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). DESIGN: A randomized multicenter prospective open-label comparative clinical study. SETTING: University and Hospital Authority hospitals in Hong Kong. PATIENTS: All CAPD patients who developed bacterial or culture-negative peritonitis beyond 28 days of a previous episode and without evidence of septicemia, associated tunnel infection, or known sensitivity to trial medications were accepted into the clinical trial. RESULTS: A total of 101 patients entered the trial. The primary cure rate was 74.5% for group 1 and 73.6% for group 2. Baseline culture results appeared to influence the clinical outcome: the primary cure rate for culture-negative, gram-positive, and gram-negative episodes was 83.3%, 78.6%, and 42.9% for group 1 and 69.1%, 76.9%, and 71.3% for group 2, respectively. The primary cure rate also varied considerably among individual centers and was particularly noticeable in group 1. In the latter group, it correlated closely with in vitro levofloxacin resistance which in turn correlated closely with previous exposure to fluoroquinolones. CONCLUSION: Oral levofloxacin in combination with intermittent IP vancomycin has comparable efficacy to IP netromycin combined with intermittent IP vancomycin as primary treatment in CAPD peritonitis, but is simpler and more cost-effective to administer. It may be recommended as primary therapy in centers with relatively low exposure and, therefore, low background resistance to fluoroquinolones.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1999

[Once-daily dosage of aminoglycosides--a therapeutic simplification and an economical benefit].

Conventionally, aminoglycosides have been administered in two or three daily doses. Numerous in-vitro and animal experiments and several clinical trials favour a once-daily dosage regimen of aminoglycosides, which provides a more rapid concentration-dependent bacterial killing and is probably less toxic than two or three dosage regimens. In this article the pharmacological and microbiological background for once-daily aminoglycoside administration is reviewed, and some controlled trials are discussed. Recommendations for clinical practice are given.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Hepatic and splenic micro-abscess in cat scratch disease. Report of a case].

Cat-scratch disease (CSD) is an infection caused by a gram-negative bacillus known as Bartonella Henselae. Hepatosplenic disease occurs in only 0.3-0.7% of patients. In this report we describe a 7-year-old male presented with a 4-week history of fever, after diagnosis of CSD with regional lymphoadenitis. Ultrasonography and tomography identified hepatic and splenic abscesses. Antibiotic treatment for three months was associated with resolution of lesions. In Patients affected by CSD, ultrasonography and tomography permit to identify hepatic and/or splenic lesions, indicating systemic CSD.

Abscess↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Lingual actinomycosis: diagnostic problems. Review of the literature].

Actinomycosis of the cervicofacial area is a rare infection with a difficult clinical diagnosis. We report a case of lingual actinomycosis which was diagnosed after a long remission with empirical antibiotic treatment, two years after onset. The clinical characteristics, differential diagnosis, and therapeutic options in this unusual infection are discussed.

Actinomycosis↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Outbreak of neonatal Klebsiella septicaemia: a review of antimicrobial sensitivities.

A 10-week prospective study was undertaken to document the antibiotic susceptibilities of klebsiella organisms which were responsible for an outbreak of septicaemia on the neonatal units of the University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria. The thirty-nine isolates obtained comprised K. pneumoniae, 18 (46.2%), K. aerogenes, 17 (43.6%), K. edwardsii, 3 (7.7%), and K. oxytoca, 1(2.5%). All the strains were sensitive to ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin, but resistant to ampicillin. The percentage of qualitative sensitivities of the klebsiella species to other available drugs were 41% for ceftazidime, 36% for cefotaxime, 31% for ceftriazone, 23% for cefuroxime, 21% for gentamycin, and 15% for kanamycin. Quantitative sensitivities of the three most commonly isolated sub-types to netilmycin were 63%, 36%, and 33%, respectively. A comparison with a previous antibiotic susceptibility study still showed persistent resistance to the available aminoglycosides.

Ampicillin Resistance↗
PubMed2000

Growing problem of methicillin resistant staphylococci--Indian scenario.

In the present study MRSA prevalence increased from 12% in 1992 to 80.83% in 1999. Indian literature shows that MRSA incidence was as low as 6.9% in 1988 and reached to 24% and 32.6% in Vellore and Lucknow in 1994 and was of the same order in Mumbai, Delhi and Bangalore in 1996 and in Rohtak and Mangalore in 1999. However, in some of the centres it was as high as 87%. All the MRSA isolates in India including in the present study were sensitive to vancomycin and resistance to netilmycin appears to be low among MRSA isolates in India. All the MRSA isolates were also found to be sensitive to teicoplanin in the present study. Like in other Indian studies, resistance to cotrimoxazole, erythromycin, gentamicin, other penicillins and cephalosporins appeared to be a common feature for MRSA isolates in the present study.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Antibiotic prophylaxis of postoperative complications in surgical treatment of pulmonary, tracheal and mediastinal tumors].

A protocol of antibiotic protection, developed and used at Russian Research Center of Roentgenoradiology, is presented. This protocol of perioperative treatment is intended for control of a spectrum of bacterial infections retrospectively detected in patients with lung, tracheal, and mediastinal cancer. The efficiency of perioperative antibiotic prevention is demonstrated as exemplified by 105 patients of different age with various concomitant diseases.

Amikacin↗
PubMed2003

[Comparative clinical-economic analysis of antibiotic therapy in pyogenic inflammatory diseases of the lower extremities].

A randomized comparative investigation was carried out in two equal groups of patients with pyo-inflammatory diseases of lower extremities (the total number 50 patients) in order to study effectiveness and tolerance to Netilmycin (1st group) and Gentamycin (2nd group) given in combination with Cefasolin. Clinical symptoms were estimated immediately after operation, in 3, 6 and 10-12 days after it. Bacteriological investigations were fulfilled immediately after operation, in 72 h and in 6-10 days after the beginning of antibacterial therapy. Clinical and biochemical investigations of blood were fulfilled before and in 10 days after the beginning of the treatment. Effectiveness of the treatment in the first group was 100%, in the second group--80%. In the second group the antibiotics were changed in 20% of cases and the average duration of hospitalization among the patients of this group was reliably longer that in the first group. The eradication rating of Netilmycin was higher than that of Gentamycin (25 strains from 25 and 20 from 25 respectively). Gentamycin had a pronounced nephrotoxic effect (elevation of the level of creatinin and urea of blood in dynamics by 21% and 32%), as compared with Netilmycin (9% and 3%). Total expenses to antibiotic therapy in the first group made up 97,650 rub, and in the second group 106,245 rub. Netilmycin in combination with Cefasolin was more effective for acute pyo-inflammatory diseases of lower extremities than a combination of Gentamycin with Cefasolin, it more rapidly resulted in reduction of clinical signs of inflammation, was better endured and more economical.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Leg cellulitis caused by Aeromonas hydrophila. Medical treatment].

A case of cellulitis of the leg caused by Aeromonas hydrophila in a cirrhotic patient is reported. The starting point of the infection could not be determined with certainty, but a direct local inoculation during foot-baths was suspected. Because of clinical signs suggestive of erysipelas, the disease was initially treated without success with penicillin G, which raises questions concerning the choice of the initial antibiotic therapy for cellulitis of the leg in immunocompromised patients, pending the bacteriological results. A purely medical treatment (adequate antibiotic therapy) resulted in complete cure of this patient, despite the fact that his lesions were necrotizing.

Aeromonas hydrophila↗
PubMed1992

Teicoplanin--its role as systemic therapy of burn infections and as prophylaxis for orthopaedic surgery. Italian Study Groups for Antimicrobial Prophylaxis in Orthopaedic Surgery and Burns.

Two randomized studies have been initiated to establish the role of teicoplanin as systemic therapy for infections in burns patients and as short-term prophylaxis for orthopaedic implant surgery. Opportunistic micro-organisms causing infections in burn patients are often acquired in hospital. These infections commonly involve Gram-positive organisms which may be resistant to several antibiotics. Teicoplanin, alone and in combination with additional antibacterial drugs, is effective in the treatment of Gram-positive infections of various types. In addition, teicoplanin has proved useful as prophylaxis against infection in orthopaedic surgery. Deep prosthetic infections are very difficult to cure without removing the infected device; the outcome can be devastating, such as total loss of joint function, amputation, and, occasionally, death. Preliminary results from the two studies are encouraging and show that teicoplanin has a role to play both in treatment of infection and as prophylaxis against hospital-acquired infection.

Adult↗