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PubMed1952

Medical cover.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Humans↗
PubMed1994

Doctors and public authorities: the trend toward collaboration.

Insuring a population and managing its money require a comprehensive health care financing system. Many issues must be resolved, particularly the roles of the medical profession and its relationship with organizations of laymen in insurance carriers and in government. The spread of society-wide, third-party reimbursement produced conflicts with doctors over admission to practice, work rules, and pay in all countries. Eventually new arrangements were made to settle conflicts of interest and to ensure the harmonious operation of health care services. Policymakers and financial managers came to realize that the medical profession as a whole must be motivated to ensure the success of the system. Recently countries with statutory health insurance and direct public financing created new systems for negotiation and for joint decision making. Even some governments now agree to collaborate with doctors as virtual peers rather than to dictate rules and finance. The only exception is the United States, which will continue to have periodic conflicts until it crafts a joint decision-making system. The evidence comes from the author's first-hand field research over thirty years in the principal developed countries in Europe and North America. He interviewed informants, collected reports, and observed events for these topics primarily in Germany, France, the Netherlands, Great Britain, Canada, and the United States.

Canada↗
PubMed1997

Single payers and multiple lists: must everyone get the same coverage in a universal health plan?

In spite of recent political setbacks for the movement toward universal health insurance, considerable support remains for the idea. Among those supporting such plans, most assume that a universal insurance system, especially if it is a single-payer system, would offer a single list of basic covered services. This paper challenges that assumption and argues for the availability of multiple lists of services in a universal insurance system. The claim is made that multiple lists will be both more efficient and more fair. Any single list will fund some services that are quite attractive to some people, but only marginally attractive to others. Thus any single-list plan will fund some services that produce only marginal benefit for the resources used. Moreover, since some people will hold values quite compatible with the single list and others will hold values leading to preferences for unfunded services, some people will get much more benefit from any single list than other people will. Fairness and efficiency require providing an entitlement to universal access to health insurance that could be purchased by typical consumers for a fixed price of perhaps $3500. By permitting everyone to pick their preferred list of services available at that price, each person will efficiently use his or her entitlement while getting more equal opportunity for benefits.

Abortion, Induced↗
PubMed1995

Managed competition: issues for Australia.

Rising costs and slower economic growth are resulting in progressive stress on the current structure of health care finance in Australia. As in other developed countries, managed competition offers a potential solution, by increasing system efficiency. The case for restructuring current financing arrangements is even stronger than in other countries because of inefficiencies arising from inconsistencies and overlaps between Commonwealth, State and private sector functions. This paper outlines an illustrative model for managed competition in Australia. In addition, it discusses in more detail two specific issues which have received some attention in the literature: whether to have multiple payers, in the form of competing public and private budget holders; and whether 'catastrophic risks' such as long-term institutional care should be incorporated in a managed competition program.

Australia↗
PubMed1999

Skills competency in nurse education: nurse managers' perceptions of diploma level preparation.

This paper reports on part of a national study conducted between 1994 and 1996, the overall aim of which was to examine the 'fitness for purpose' of the Project 2000 nursing education reforms. The study used multiple methods of data collection, including an individual and group interview study of nurse managers (n = 132) and a national survey of Project 2000 diplomates and traditionally prepared registered nurses (n = 5417). Findings in relation to the managers' expectations and experiences of diplomates are presented. This includes views on the level of skills achievement and skills acquisition of diploma level education. The qualities of the diplomates are discussed and this includes those areas where the skills of the diplomates are felt to achieve what is required of the role. Also included is an exploration of those skills which the managers felt fell short of expectations. Managers raised the long-standing concerns of clinical skills and competencies and discussed these in relation to the changing health care environment and the relative roles of other health care workers. The conclusions highlight the need to identify what could be seen as the 'core skills' required of a registered nurse and the need to explore the environment in which the diplomate takes up first appointment.

Clinical Competence↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The development of a computerized health information system to facilitate program planning/evaluation and enhanced First Nations control of community health services.

The Ontario Region of the Medical Services Branch, Health Canada, comprises approximately 63,000 First Nations people living on reserve in 126 First Nations communities. As of January 1997, 39% of these communities have either assumed control of the delivery of health services or are in transfer negotiations with the federal government. Another 17% have entered into an Integrated Community Based Health Services Agreement with the federal government, which could culminate in a full transfer agreement. In order to provide First Nations with timely access to health information for case management, program planning and evaluation, and the development of their own program priorities at the community level, Medical Services Branch, Ontario Region, has worked in partnership with First Nations to develop a comprehensive, computerized Health Information System (HIS). With direct access to a reliable epidemiological database, First Nations will be able to re-profile available resources in response to their own identified community health priorities.

Community Health Services↗
PubMed1998

The Walden House Young Adult HIV project: meeting the needs of multidiagnosed youth.

Walden House, Inc.'s Young Adult Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) (YAH) project is supported by the Special Projects of National Significance Program of the Health Resources and Services Administration (SPNS-HRSA). This project has served 512 high-risk young people (ages 13-25 years), 101 of them living with HIV/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). The YAH project offers treatment services and a coordinated support system to adolescents and young adults who are in need of HIV/AIDS services as well as behavioral health care; all clients suffer from multiple diagnoses. This system includes medical and psychological assessment, referral and coordination; therapy and counseling services; transportation; peer education and counseling; legal information and referral; and case management for long-term options. YAH provides HIV testing access, pretest and posttest counseling, HIV and sexually transmitted disease education, HIV-positive speakers as role models, and community-based outreach. YAH also serves as a resource within Walden House to spur enhancement of service provision for HIV care as well as programming for young people. The emphasis is on providing a comprehensive continuum of services, with the case manager and peer staff coordinating services to try to meet the diverse needs of each client. The complexity and intensity of the target population's needs challenge the traditional models of care. This project provided almost 4 h daily of cost-effective rehabilitation programming to each client, increased participants' self-reported measures of well-being, and increased staff's ability to deal with HIV issues.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Impact of perfectionism and need for approval on the brief treatment of depression: the National Institute of Mental Health Treatment of Depression Collaborative Research Program revisited.

Patients in the National Institute of Mental Health Treatment of Depression Collaborative Research Program (TDCRP) were administered at intake with the Dysfunctional Attitude Scale (DAS; A. N. Weissman & A. T. Beck, 1978). Factor analyses of the DAS in the TDCRP data as well as in several independent samples reveal two primary factors: an interpersonal factor, Need for Approval, and a self-critical factor, Perfectionism. This study explored the hypotheses that these factors, assessed prior to treatment, would have differential interactions with the two forms of psychotherapy evaluated in the TDCRP as well as differential relationships to various outcome measures (depression, clinical functioning, and social adjustment). DAS Perfectionism had consistently significant negative relationships with all the outcome measures in all four treatment conditions. Contrary to expectations, however, there were no significant interactions between the two DAS factors and the four types of brief treatment (cognitive-behavioral therapy, interpersonal therapy, imipramine, and placebo).

Adult↗