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Utility of Leopold maneuvers in screening for malpresentation.

Malpresentation is a common complication of pregnancy. Using ultrasound as the gold standard, we prospectively tested Leopold maneuvers as a screen for nonvertex presentation in the third trimester. In our hands this technique performed poorly. Values for sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were 28, 94, 24, and 95%, respectively, in a population with a 7% prevalence of noncephalic presentation. Much of the correlation between the screening and diagnostic tests seemed to arise from chance (kappa = 0.13).

Breech Presentation↗

[Obstetric problems of newborn infants with a birth weight over 4,500 g].

Analysis of birth records of neonates a birth weight of 4,500 g or more (n = 83) has been made in order to compare the course of pregnancy and delivery to a normal birth weight of 3,000-3,500 (n = 100) among 14,193 newborns observed from 1983 to 1987 in Obstetric department of district hospital Berlin-Friedrichshain. On both groups mortality rate amounted to nil. Maternal morbidity is mainly caused by delivery injuries and postpartal atony. The perinatal morbidity which accounts for 7.2% is caused to increased acidosis rate (9.6%), complications of birth traumas such as shoulder dystocia (4.8%), fractures (2.4%) and paresis of nerve plexes (2.4%). The antenatal ultrasound assessment of fetal weight has been emphasized. Caesarean section is advised in cases of a fetal weight of 5,000 g, or more malpresentation and in a primipara with a history of previous caesarean section and with fetal weight more than 3,500-4,000 g. The problems of shoulder dystocia are being discussed.

Birth Weight↗

Problems in labor.

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Cesarean Section↗

Breech management.

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Delivery, Obstetric↗