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At least 1,621 records · Page 90Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

[Endoscopic study of the small intestine].

The author summarises the possibilities of small bowel endoscopy. In case of haemorrhage of unknown origin, enteroscopy may be helpful. Sonde type fiber- or video-enteroscopes can be used. This procedure is time-consuming and needs an experienced team. In case of life-threatening bleeding intraoperative enteroscopy is recommended. "Push" enteroscopy is the best, rapid method in the diagnostics of suspected diffuse intestinal diseases or circumscript lesions of the proximal small bowel. Adult or pediatric colonoscopies or jejunoscopes are available for this investigation. Endoscopic biopsy specimens are suitable for histological examination and for enzyme assay as well. Aspiration of jejunal fluid for bacteriological culture is a way for revealing of bacterial overgrowth. The author emphasises the importance of the deep duodenoscopy made by an upper panendoscope in the diagnostics of villous atrophy.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed2006

Functional foods and paediatric gastro-intestinal health and disease.

The application of molecular methods to gastro-intestinal diseases is giving insight into the way in which the resident intestinal microbiota interacts with the mucosal immune system. Using traditional culture techniques, the importance of mucosally-associated bacterial biofilms in maintaining mucosal integrity has been demonstrated in ways previously impossible. Changes in the balance of organisms at initiation of and during disease provide a rationale for interventions with functional foods which facilitate re-establishment of the homeostasis of healthy gut.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1990

Serodiagnosis of gut tuberculosis.

The efficacy of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in the diagnosis of gut tuberculosis was evaluated. The study included 95 patients with gut tuberculosis, 40 with pulmonary tuberculosis, 25 with non-tubercular intestinal diseases and 40 healthy controls. Mantoux response and antibody titre against PPD using ELISA were studied. The ELISA sensitivity in gut tuberculosis was 80% and in pulmonary tuberculosis 90%. It was also positive in 12% of patients with non-tubercular intestinal diseases and 5% of healthy controls. The sensitivity of Mantoux test in gut (77%) and pulmonary (84%) tuberculosis was comparable to that of ELISA. However, Mantoux test lacked diagnostic significance due to high positivity in non-tubercular disease patients (55%) and healthy controls (56%), whereas ELISA was highly specific (93%) for the diagnosis of gut tuberculosis.

Antibodies, Bacterial↗
PubMed1981

[Neuro-psychiatric aspects of gastrointestinal disease (author's transl)].

On principle one has to distinguish between inflammatory (infectious) and non-inflammatory intestinal diseases. These may affect merely certain parts of the gastrointestinal tract or influence the entire digestive system. Leading symptoms of all these diseases are disturbances of intestinal motility and of secretion, both causing diarrhoea or, rarely, constipation. The clinical picture can be acute or chronic. Acute manifestations, especially with high temperatures, include various florid psychopathological phenomena of an exogenous type of reaction. Chronic diseases of the gastrointestinal system do not show the above-mentioned picture. Very rarely encephalopathy causes organic psychosyndromes. Neurological findings point to lesions of the peripheral nerves (polyneuropathy), funicular defects within the spinal cord (funicular myelitis) and, very rarely, to encephalopathy. Syndromes of polyneuritis can be seen in acute, as well as in chronic enteropathies. Spinal lesions are only found in cases with chronic gastro-intestinal disease. With the exception of funicular myelosis in genuine pernicious anaemia (here parenteral substitution with vitamin B 12 is the therapy of choice) -- all gastroenterogenous neurological signs are only minimally accounted for by disturbances of B 1 and B 12 absorption. These substances should be used only in combination with other agents combating the basic disease.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[An aspiration biopsy probe].

The authors have developed and clinically used an aspiration bioptic probe with original constructions of capsules which may sample a biopsy specimen and intestinal juice during one probing. This allows an investigator to obtain important data on small intestinal morphology and performance, to gain an insight into the nature of intestinal disease. The probe reduces the time of a patient's examination and helps treatment to be performed correctly.

Biopsy, Needle↗
PubMed1979

Normal and abnormal intestinal absorption by humans.

Adults eating a Western diet digest and absorb ingested food containing approximately 100 g fat, 350 g carbohydrate, and 75 g protein daily. Normal fat absorption requires adequate gastric, pancreatic, liver-biliary, mucosal, and lymphatic function. Carbohydrate and protein absorption is much less dependent on liver-biliary and lymphatic function. The intestine has a large reserve capacity for digestion and absorption of nutrients which is due to both excess function and to adaptive changes which increase function in one segment of the digestive-absorptive system when it is decreased or lost in another segment. The large reserve capacity explains why most of the prevalent intestinal diseases seldom cause clinically detectable changes in absorption. However, there are more than 30 less-common human diseases which cause malabsorption of one or more nutrients. Those that cause the malabsorption syndrome, i.e., steatorrhea and weight loss, can be conveniently categorized according to the major deficiency leading to the absorptive defect as follows: insufficient pancreatic enzyme activity, insufficient bile acid, disease of the small intestinal wall, multiple defects, mechanism unknown, and drug-induced malabsorption. A few diseases, most of which are congenital, cause malabsorption of only one or a few related nutrients such as lactose malabsorption in lactase deficiency. Most of the tests currently in use for detecting and diagnosing the cause of malabsorption are relatively insensitive and nonspecific. Chemical analysis of the fat in a three-day stool collection remains the single best test for diagnosing the malabsorption syndrome. However, a breath test using Triolein labeled with either the radioactive or stable isotope of carbon may be an important recent advance. Other breath tests are also currently being investigated for quantitating absorption or malabsorption of various substances including bile acids and various sugars. Studies of the function of the intestinal epithelial cells are usually best accomplished using tissue obtained by per oral biopsy. Biopsy specimens are used for many types of study including light and electron microscopic examination, chemical and enzymatic assays, tissue culture, and uptake of various radiolabeled compounds.

Bile Acids and Salts↗
PubMed2003

Guillain-Barré syndrome associated with Campylobacter jejuni infection in England, 2000-2001.

Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is a rare but serious complication of infectious intestinal disease due to Campylobacter jejuni. To date, estimates of the burden of C. jejuni-associated GBS have been based on limited data regarding the proportion of GBS attributable to this pathogen. In this paper, we combine data obtained from Sweden and a large study of infectious intestinal disease with routine and surveillance data from England to estimate the number and proportion of GBS cases attributable to C. jejuni. We estimate that, between 1 April 2000 and 31 March 2001, symptomatic C. jejuni infection was responsible for 157 cases of GBS, constituting approximately 15% of all GBS cases in England.

Campylobacter Infections↗
PubMed1986

[Longitudinal study of the risks related to the consumption of water not conforming to bacteriological norms].

A prospective follow-up study lasting 18 months in 1983-1984 was conducted in 50 villages in order to assess the risk related to the consumption of drinking water which did not meet the bacteriology standards. 119 physicians, 52 pharmacists and 118 primary-school teachers enumerated the cases of acute gastro-intestinal diseases observed among a population of 29,272 inhabitants. A weekly water sample was analysed in each village as to the presence of four indicator germs of fecal contamination: total plate count, total coliforms, fecal coliforms (thermotolerant) and fecal streptococci. 1,950 cases of acute gastro-intestinal diseases were registered by the physicians and pharmacists during a population experience of 1,873,303 persons-weeks, i.e. an incidence density of 1.06 X 10(-3) cases per person-week. The risk notified by the school teachers among children aged 7 to 11 was higher: 16.3 X 10(-3) cases per child-week. The villages were classified in 3 groups, according to the proportion of substandard samples: "good", "intermediate", and "bad" categories. The relative risk contrasting the "bad" and "good" villages was 3.5 for the cases notified by the physicians and the pharmacists among the general population (95% confidence interval = 2.5-4.8); it was 1.7 for the cases reported by the teachers among the children (95% confidence interval = 1.5-1.9). This concordant difference was very significant but not constant across the 18 months of the survey. The authors conclude that the bacteriology standards are a relevant indicator of a health hazard.

France↗