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At least 1,621 records · Page 90Linked to original sources
PubMed2005

Bio-insecticidal activities of halophytic plant extracts against Tribolium confusum (Coleoptera, Tenebrionidae).

Salt marsh plants were tested for their insecticidal activities against larvae of the confused flour beetle Tribolium confusum (Tenebrionidae). 16 aerial part extracts were obtained using organic solvents of increasing polarity and tested for their anti-feedant and toxicity effects. Responses varied with plant material and extract type. Ethyl acetate extracts of F. laevis, S. echioides and. T. boveana and petroleum ether extract of F. laevis presented, anti-feedant property. However, S. fructicosa seemed to be attractive to the tested flour beetle. Mortalities of 97, 87, 97 and 80% were observed by using respectively ethyl acetate extracts of F. laevis, S. echioides and T. boveana and petroleum ether extract of F. laevis, when applied at a dose of 1%, mixed with the insect diet. This preliminary study showed that F. laevis, S. echioides and T. boveana presented potential bio-insecticidal activity with ethyl acetate extracts, similar result was found with petroleum ether extract of F. laevis. More complementary studies are needed for the use of these extracts to control T. confusum.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The prospects for the study of mosquito irritability to insecticides].

Mosquito irritability to insecticides was intensively studied abroad in the 40-ies and 60-ies. At present such studies are carried out mainly in the E. I. Martsynovskiĭ Institute of Medical Parasitology and Tropical Medicine. The article sums up the history of such studies and reviews the main results. A hypothesis of the mechanism of mosquito irritability to insecticides is outlined. It is emphasized that besides traditional monitoring in the population of carriers it is necessary to study thoroughly the physiology and genetics of irritability.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Susceptibility of the horn fly (Haematobia irritans) to insecticides in the Tabuleiros Costeiros region in states of Alagoas, Bahia and Sergipe, Brazil].

Susceptibility of horn fly populations to insecticides was evaluated at the Tabuleiros Costeiros region in the states of Alagoas, Bahia, and Sergipe from April 2001 to December 2002. A total of 37 bioassays were conducted in 23 ranches from 12 municipalities. Fly susceptibility was determined by the impregnated filter paper method using the active ingredients diazinon, permethrin, and cypermethrin. A high susceptibility to diazinon was found, with LC50 varying from 0.23 to 1.41 microg/cm2 and resistance ratios (RR) = 1.3. On the other hand, resistance to pyrethroids was detected in all studied populations. Cypermethrin LC50 ranged from 19.94 to 1,928 microg/cm2 and RR from 21.2 to 4,484.4. Although resistance levels to permethrin were much lower (RR<6), all LC50 were significantly higher than the LC50 obtained from the susceptible population. All ranches relied on pyrethroids for horn fly control, most cypermethrin (88.46%) and deltamethrin (80.77%) products. Spraying, by using manual backpack sprayers, was routinely used in all ranches. History of insecticide use as well as inadequate control practices help to explain the spread resistance of horn fly populations to pyrethroids detected in the region.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

[Effects of insecticides on insect pest-natural enemy community in early rice fields].

This paper studied the effects of triazophos, shachongshuang, abamectin, and Bt + imidacloprid on the insect pest-natural enemy community in early rice fields in the Yangtze-Huaihe region of Anhui Province. The results showed that all of the test insecticides had significant effects in controlling the growth of major insect pest populations. The average value of insect pest-natural enemy community diversity under effects of triazophos, shachongshuang, abamectin, and Bt + imidacloprid was 1.545, 1.562, 1.691 and 1.915, respectively, while that in control plot was 1.897. After two weeks of applying insecticides, the plots applied with shachongshuang and abamectin had a similar composition of insect pest-natural enemy community, but the community composition was significantly different between the plots applied with triazophos and Bt + imidacloprid. From the viewpoints of community stability and pest control, Bt + imidacloprid had the best effect, and shachongshuang and abamectin were better than triazophos.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Impact of single and multiple residual sprayings of pyrethroid insecticides against Triatoma dimidiata (Reduviiade; Triatominae), the principal vector of Chagas disease in Jutiapa, Guatemala.

This study investigated the impact of single, double, and triple insecticide sprayings on indoor infestation of Triatoma dimidiata in Jutiapa, Guatemala. Up to three successive insecticide sprayings were applied in villages, where the indoor infestation index was > 5% before each spraying round or located adjacent to the persistently infested villages. Among 64 villages with single spraying, the mean indoor infestation index reduced from 20.8% to 1.4% after 12 months, but rose to 8.1% after 33 months. In 40 double-sprayed villages, it decreased from 41.9% to 11.9% by the first spraying and to 4.8% by the second spraying. For 12 villages with triple spraying, it reduced from 40.6% to 13.2%, 10.9%, and 4.1% through each spraying round. Geographic analysis showed that originally highly infested villages were spatially clustered and were likely to remain infested after the sprayings. Indoor infestation of T. dimidiata can be controlled with less than three rounds of spraying.

Aerosols↗
PubMed2006

A prospective study of the effects of sustained vector surveillance following community-wide insecticide application on Trypanosoma cruzi infection of dogs and cats in rural Northwestern Argentina.

Domestic dogs were used as natural sentinels to assess prospectively the long-term impact of selective, community-based spraying with pyrethroid insecticides after community-wide spraying on transmission of Trypanosoma cruzi in rural villages under surveillance between 1992 and 2002. In 2000 and 2002 light infestations by Triatoma infestans were recorded, and 523 dogs and cats were examined serologically or by xenodiagnosis. The prevalence of T. cruzi infection in dogs decreased from 65% at baseline to 8.9% and 4.7% at 7.5 and 10 years after sustained vector surveillance, respectively. The average annual force of infection dropped 260-fold from 72.7 per 100 dog-years at baseline to <0.3% in 2002, as determined prospectively and retrospectively from the age-prevalence curve of native dogs born during surveillance. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that prevalent cases in dogs in 2000 and 2002 were associated positively and significantly with the peak number of T. infestans caught in domestic areas at the dog's compound during its lifetime. The sustained decline in T. cruzi infections in dogs and cats is the result of selective, community-based insecticide spraying that kept the abundance of infected T. infestans at marginal levels, fast host population turnover, and low immigration rates from areas with active transmission.

Age Factors↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Characterization of the proctolinergic and GABAergic systems in the terminal ganglion of the male and female cockroach, Periplaneta americana, and effects of insecticide treatment. Immunohistochemistry and computer-assisted image analysis.

The distribution of proctolin- and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-containing neurons in males and females of the American cockroach, Periplaneta americana, was evaluated by means of immunohistochemistry. Sex-related differences in the localization of proctolinergic cells are restricted to the median region of the terminal ganglion. No coexistence was found for GABA and proctolin. The high specificity of the GABA staining was confirmed by labelling of identical neurons with both anti-GABA and anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) antisera. The volume fractions occupied by GABA- and proctolin-immunoreactive elements were evaluated using a computer-based method of planimetric area percentage. The GAD staining was markedly decreased after carbaryl insecticide treatment and the volume fraction of proctolin-immunoreactive neurons was significantly reduced after application of another insecticide, dieldrin.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Effects of prenatal pyrethroid insecticide exposure on the sexual development of rats.

The prenatal effects of exposure to the insecticide cyhalothrin on the sexual maturation and sexual behavior of rats were investigated. Female rats were dermally treated with 1 ml/day of 0.02% (w/v) aqueous cyhalothrin solution or its vehicle throughout pregnancy. This insecticide administration delayed the age of testicle descent but did not modify the age of vaginal opening. In adulthood, both male and female rat sexual behaviors were not different from vehicle-treated animals. It was concluded that prenatal exposure to cyhalothrin can induce alterations in the development of certain physical characteristics of rats which are not correlated with functional deficiencies in the animals' later life.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Insecticidal activity of inhibitors of polyamine biosynthesis on Spodoptera litura F. larvae.

The inhibitors of polyamine (PA) biosynthesis such as alpha-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO), methylglyoxal bis (guanylhydrazone) (MGBG) and bis (cyclohexylammonium) sulphate (BCHA) have been used to protect crop plants from pathogenic fungi. In this communication the insecticidal activity of these inhibitors on tobacco caterpillar, S. litura has been reported. All the inhibitors exhibited insecticidal activity; MGBG being more effective than others. The results suggest, for the first time, a possible avenue for the control of insect pests by specific inhibition of insect PA biosynthesis.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

[Experimental studies of the control of mosquitoes of the genus Anopheles using selected insecticides].

In the research 4 compounds: Iodofenphos, Propetamphos, Dioxacarb and Permethrin and two commercial insecticides: Pibutoks Super (Permethrin) and Safrotin 10 WP (Propetamphos) were used to control anophelini females. The chemicals were tested in the laboratory on mosquitoes caught in the nature and the contact method was employed. Propetamphos and Permethrin at concentrations 0.05% and 0.1%, after 2 hours of 1 hour exposure reduced the mosquitoes in 96% and 99.9% respectively. Iodofenphos and Dioxacarb, even at concentration 0.1%, after 24 hours of 1 hour exposure caused barely 78.3% and 83.9% mortality of these insects. Both insecticides tested, in the 7 days period after the spraying, caused more than 97% reduction of the Anopheles population in the cow-sheds.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Trials of the insecticides Icon and Ficam against mosquitoes in the southern USSR].

Two residual insecticides (Icon 10% WP, ICI and Ficam W 80% WP, CAMCO) were in 1989 tested in field trials in Tajikistan, Azerbaijan and Uzbekistan against Anopheles superpictus, An. sacharovi, An. pulcherrimus, An. martinius, Culex pipiens, Aedes caspius, and Ae. vexans. In dosages recommended by the producing companies (0.025 g/m2 a. i. for Icon and 0.4 g/m2 for Ficam), the above preparations showed residual action during 2-3 months. Icon and Ficam did not cause irritability and repellency in mosquito, which did not migrate to unsprayed rooms of cattle sheds. In areas where the experimental trials were large-scale, a stable decrease in mosquito density was achieved. An insecticide action of ICON was also noted on house flies, cockroaches, bed bugs, fleas and spiders.

Aedes↗
PubMed1990

[The mutagenicity of some insecticides in the Salmonella/microsome test system].

The mutagenic effects of 4 insecticides, i.e., bioallethrin, tetramethrin, propoxur, lethane and three commercial formulation of insecticides i.e. asbo, formulation I, formulation II was determined in a standard Salmonella typhimurium assay with the use of strains TA 98 and TA 100. Bioallethrin was found to be a weak mutagen in the TA 100 and TA 98 strains of S. typhimurium, whereas propoxur, formulation I showed weak mutagenic effects only on S. typhimurium TA 98 strain.

Allethrins↗
PubMed1990

Stimulation of ammonification and nitrification in soils by the insecticides monocrotophos and quinalphos.

The application (up to 5 kg ha-1) of monocrotophos or quinalphos to four types of agricultural soils significantly stimulated the mineralization of peptone-nitrogen and the oxidation of ammonium-nitrogen. In soils treated with 2.5 kg ha-1 of either insecticide, the rate of ammonification and nitrification was fairly rapid after 2 and 4 weeks of incubation. The enhancement of both transformations, mediated by microorganisms, was significantly more in the quinalphostreated soils. The results suggest that a balance between the effect of insecticides on insect pests and their impact on beneficial microbial activities in soil must be determined.

Ammonia↗
PubMed1990

[The phage sensitivity and insecticidal activity of local strains of Bacillus sphaericus].

The sensitivity of 132 local isolates of B. sphaericus to phages 3, 4 and SST of A. Yousten has been studied. According to this incomplete phage typing, most of the strains are classified in the third phage group. A high-degree correlation between sensitivity to phage 4 and insecticidal activity was established, owing to which this sensitivity can be used as an initial criterion for selection of newly isolated strains. LC50 and LC90 of one reference and six local strains of B. sphaericus were determined using Culex pipiens third instar larvae, and the local strains were found to exceed in insecticidal activity the reference strain 2362. This suggests that the newly isolated strains are promising for developing of a preparation for biological control of mosquitoes.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[Treatment of insecticide and nerve gas poisoning].

Organic phosphides such as insecticides and nerve gases are chemically and biologically akin. They have the same main structures and both act as cholinesterase inhibitors. The nerve gases are generally more reactively chemical and therefore far more toxic. Since both nerve gases and insecticides react to the same group of acetylcholinesterase the development of symptoms and the treatment of the intoxication are fairly similar. Intoxication may ensue from inhalation, from penetration of the skin, or from consumption of contaminated food or water. The latter mode of administration is the most common in cases of suicide.

Chemical Warfare Agents↗
PubMed1990

Susceptibility to organophosphate insecticides in larval Aedes albopictus.

Larvae of 26 strains of Aedes albopictus were tested for susceptibility to 5 organophosphate insecticides. The recently collected geographic strains included 13 from the USA, 5 from Brazil, 3 from Southeast Asia and 5 from Japan. The greatest amount of variability was seen among U.S. populations, ranging from quite susceptible to potentially resistant. Brazilian samples were generally quite susceptible to all insecticides tested. Three Japanese strains showed tolerance or low level resistance to fenitrothion (2X, 3X and 8X), as did 2 U.S. strains (3X and 5X). Two U.S. strains showed tolerance to malathion (3X and 4X), while one strain from Chicago, Illinois, showed low level resistance (22X). Selection for resistance to malathion in a laboratory strain composed of multiple U.S. geographic strains resulted in a resistance ratio of 21X after 6 generations of selection.

Aedes↗
PubMed1989

Mutagenicity testing of commercial insecticides administered per os.

Mutagenic activity of eight commercial insecticides previously tested with in vivo chromosomal aberrations test after intraperitoneal treatment, was studied with the same test using per os administration of pesticides. Chromosomal aberrations were analyzed in the bone marrow cells of Syrian hamsters. It was shown that six pesticides induced a statistically significant increase in the number of chromosomal aberrations: Bi 58 EC, Metasystox (I) forte, Sadofos 30, Nogos 50 EC, Foschlor 25 and Thiodan 35. These insecticides induced two main types of aberrations: chromatid gaps and chromatid breaks. Gamacarbatox and Propotox M were nonmutagenic in the test.

Administration, Oral↗