Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 1,621 records · Page 90Linked to original sources
PubMed2003

[Upper gastrointestinal tract lesions in patients with nonspecific ulcerative colitis].

Endoscopic and morphological examinations of the upper gastrointestinal tract (GIT) were made in 80 patients with nonspecific ulcerative colitis (NUC). Tests for Helicobacter pylori infection and gastric juice acidity were also conducted. It was found that in many patients NUC was associated with development of nonspecific esophagitis, gastritis and duodenitis. The endoscopic examination revealed erosions of the abdominal esophagus in 13.8% cases, erosive-ulcerative alterations in the stomach and duodenum in 27.5% of NUC patients. The most marked changes occurred in patients with severe NUC. Alterations in the upper GIT were not related with either Hp or the acidity. Morphological examinations of the biopsies from the esophagus, stomach and duodenum demonstrated changes similar to those in biopsy material from the colon. The same type of morphological changes in mucosa from the upper GIT and the colon in NUC indicates that their pathogenesis is also the same.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

[Experience in fibrin glue application for the treatment of non-formed fistulas of the gastrointestinal tract].

Fibrin glue was used for conservative closure of non-formed fistulas of the gastrointestinal tract in 38 patients. The variant of fibrin glue produced with cryoprecipitation (concentration of coagulant protein not less than 60 g/l) was applied as reparation stimulator. Fibrin glue has been used for closure of 8 duodenal and 4 gastric fistulas with chime loss to 1.5 l per day. Surgeries for palliative arrest of the intestinal loop with a fistula and classical obturators were not performed. The fistulas have been closed in 36 patients, 3 patients died (only 1 of them due to fistula). Fibrin glue reduced surgical aggression and improved treatment results in critically ill patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Quantitative measurement of liver fatty acid binding protein in human gastrointestinal tract].

Quantitative measurement of the liver fatty acid binding protein (L-FABP) in human gastrointestinal tract was carried out by the single radial immunodiffusion method, and its tissue distribution was also determined. L-FABP existed only in the epithelial absorptive cells of duodenum, jejunum, ileum and colon, but not in esophagus and stomach. Jejunum showed the highest content of L-FABP at the level of 1.5% of the cytosolic protein. These findings support the concept that FABP has a role in the fatty acid absorption and transport. Intestinal L-FABP content revealed no difference between patients given ordinary diet and intravenous hyperalimentation, although earlier report by experimental animal showed that oral high fat loading increased the L-FABP concentration. L-FABP concentration had no correlation with the duration of IVH, but was well correlated with serum triglyceride and total-cholesterol levels. The colon of normal controls showed similar level of L-FABP concentration to that of distal intestine. L-FABP content in the colorectal cancer tissues and that in the specimen of the ulcerative colitis was also assayed, the former showed similar level to, and the latter showed significantly lower level than that in normal controls.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

[Perforations of the gastrointestinal tract by a fish bone].

A brief of the literature dealing with perforations of the gastrointestinal tract at its different levels with fish bones is set forth. In recent 20 years the author has managed to collect 68 observations published in the home literature. 6 cases of the perforation of the duodenum, the small intestine, the ileum with injuries to the mesenteric vessels, resulting in massive bleeding, the caecum and the colon in the hepatic angle are presented. All the patients were operated upon. 2 patients died.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Utilization of endogenous urea secreted into the gastrointestinal tract of the sheep.

The possibility of the utilization of endogenous urea secreted into the gastrointestinal tract was studied in sheep to which a single dose of 3 g 15N urea (50.4% enrichment) was administered by slow infusion via a permanent surgical cannula into the caecum. During a 7 days' experiment, 31.15 +/- 1.08% of the dose was excreted in the urine and 19.65 +/- 1.08% in the faeces, while 49.20 +/- 1.49% was retained in the organism. The maximum 15N values in blood from the jugular vein were found 10 h after starting the infusion and a high concentration was maintained for a further 24 h; sixty hours after the infusion, no more 15N was found in the blood. The maximum 15N values in the total nitrogen of the rumen contents were observed 24 h after the infusion and low levels could still be detected on the 6th day of the experiment. Evidence that 15N participates in enterohepatic and ruminohepatic circulation, and that it is also utilized, is based on the finding of the total, but mainly the protein nitrogen concentration in the duodenum. The maximum 15N values in the total nitrogen (0.247 +/- 0.041 At % 15N) and protein nitrogen (0.262 +/- 0.023 At % 15N) of the duodenal contents were found 24 h after the infusion and 15N could still be demonstrated there in the nitrogen fractions on the 5th day of the experiment.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Enterochromaffin cells in the rat gastrointestinal tract after vagotomy.

The effect of vagotomy on the enterochromaffin (argentaffin) cells in the rat gastrointestinal tract was studied 6 weeks after the operation. No effect was found, as indicated by the following parameters--the frequency of the silver-positive cells in different parts of the digestive tract, the intensity of the argentaffin reaction in the individual cells, and the nuclear size of the enterochromaffin cells.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The epithelial reaction of the gastrointestinal tract in dog salmon fry to exposure to an organophosphorus cholinesterase inhibitor].

Reaction of the gastrointestinal tract epithelium of Siberian salmon kept in fresh and salt water exposed to the effect of irreversible cholinaestherase inhibitor was studied by means of transmissive and scanning electron microscopy. Excessive secretory processes of cells, tetanus of the digestive tract smooth muscles and elements of the epitheliocyte, swelling and vesiculation of cytoplasm and other osmotic effects were noted. Different changes were discovered after poisoning in fish, kept in fresh and salt water.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

[Multinuclear neurons in the ganglia of the gastrointestinal tract].

Findings of light optical and electron microscopy studies on formation of multinuclear neurons in gastrointestinal tract myenteric plexus in mammals affected by extreme factors (vagotomy, modelling of portal hypertension. Hyperbaric oxygenation and hypergravitation) were presented. A model for original transformation of multinuclear neuron as a mechanism of new nerve cells formation in the course of the organism compensatory-adaptive reaction to extreme action was obtained.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Time course of gastrointestinal tract permeability to chromium 51-labeled ethylenediaminetetraacetate in healthy dogs.

OBJECTIVES: To establish values for gastrointestinal tract permeation by chromium 51-labeled ethylenediaminetetraacetate (51Cr-labeled EDTA) in healthy adult dogs, and to evaluate the time course for 51Cr-labeled EDTA absorption over a 24-hour period after its administration, in an effort to define a shorter, more practical collection method. ANIMALS: 6 healthy adult mixed-breed dogs. PROCEDURE: After an 18-hour nonfeeding period, each dog was given a solution containing 50 microCi of 51Cr-labeled EDTA in deionized water (10 ml/kg of body weight) by stomach tube. Complete urine collection was done at 2, 4, 6, and 24 hours after 51Cr-labeled EDTA administration. Five-milliliter samples of urine were counted for 15 minutes in a gamma counter, and radioactivity in urine was expressed as a percentage of the orally administered dose. RESULTS: Median (range) 24-hour urinary recovery of 51Cr-labeled EDTA after 24 hours was 15.1 (12.7 to 20.3)%. Urine collected at 2, 4, and 6 hours contained 1.0 (0.2 to 3.5)%, 6.5 (2.2 to 8.7)%, and 10.0 (8.1 to 11.7)% of the administered 51Cr-labeled EDTA, respectively. Urine passed during the first 6 hours contained, on average, 67 (54 to 77)% of the total 24-hour urine recovery. CONCLUSIONS: 6-hour urinary recovery of 51Cr-EDTA provides a potential alternative to 24-hour recovery. This shorter collection period may more specifically reflect small intestinal permeability.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Overexpression of alphaB crystallin in the gastrointestinal tract of the newborn piglet after hypoxia.

Newborn animals are particularly sensitive to hypoxic stress. Oxygen is spared for sensitive tissues, including brain and heart. Scarce information is available concerning the molecular effects of hypoxia in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). Moreover, stress protein expressions, including heat shock proteins (HSP), are still poorly documented in the GIT. Our objective was to determine the possible effect of hypoxia on HSP expression at birth. After western blotting, alphaB crystallin, HSP 27, and HSP 70 expressions were determined in newborn controls and piglets exposed to 1 or 4 h hypoxia (5% O2, 95% N2) allowed to recover from 1 to 68 h. Cytosol and nuclei were also separated and the extracts were tested for HSF1 and alphaB crystallin expressions. Surprisingly, alphaB crystallin was overexpressed in the stomach and colon in animals submitted to hypoxia, whereas HSP 27 and HSP 70 expression remained stable. Increases and return to basal levels in HSF1 and alphaB crystallin were simultaneously observed in the unique nuclear compartment. To our knowledge, the present study is the first to demonstrate the oxygen dependency of an HSP in the GIT, particularly in the colon in newborn piglets. The kinetics of alphaB crystallin overexpression after hypoxia parallels the activation of HSF1. This observation possibly indicates a correlation between this factor and alphaB crystallin after hypoxia. Taken together, the present results open the field of wide investigation about the specific response of this low-molecular-weight HSP and its possible involvement in pathological states in the GIT such as stomach and colon.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

[Circadian aspects of acetylsalicylic acid induced injury and protective effect of ranitidine on the the upper gastrointestinal tract].

Circadian Aspects of Acetylsalicylic Acid Induced Injury and Protective Effect of Ranitidine on the Upper Gastrointestinal Tract. In a randomised parallel double-blind study the gastric and duodenal effects of 300 mg acetylsalicylic acid (ASA, CAS 50-78-2) daily in the presence and absence of 150 mg ranitidine (Zantic, CAS 66357-35-5) daily was evaluated in 32 healthy volunteers undergoing upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. Drugs were taken over a period of 7 days either at 8 a.m. (n = 16) or at 8 p.m. (n = 16). Endoscopic controls were performed at entry and repeated after 7 days of treatment. At entry both groups showed comparable mucosal damages: 8 a.m. group: ASA/placebo 0.8 +/- 0.1 (stomach) and 0.1 +/- 0.1 (duodenum): ASA/ranitidine 1.0 +/- 0.0 (stomach) and 0.07 +/- 0.06 (duodenum). 8 p.m. group: ASA/placebo 0.9 +/- 0.06 (stomach) and 0.1 +/- 0.09 (duodenum). ASA/ranitidine 0.8 +/- 0.08 (stomach) and 0.07 +/- 0.06 (duodenum). After 7 days of treatment the lesions score increased in the ASA/Placebo group in the 8 a.m. group to 9.1 +/- 1.1 (stomach) and 2.7 +/- 1.0 (duodenum), and in the 8 p.m. group to 10.9 +/- 1.1 (stomach) and to 3.9 +/- 0.9 duodenum). The corresponding values in the ASA/ranitidine group were 2.6 +/- 0.8 (stomach) and 0.2 +/- 0.08 (duodenum) (8 a.m.) and 4.8 +/- 0.8 (stomach) and 0.3 +/- 0.1 (duodenum) (8 p.m.). There was no statistical difference between the morning- and the evening dose of ASA. In addition, ranitidine protection was also time-independent.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Mesenchymal tumors of the gastrointestinal tract: a paradise for acronyms (STUMP, GIST, GANT, and now GIPACT), implication of c-kit in genesis, and yet another of the many emerging roles of the interstitial cell of Cajal in the pathogenesis of gastrointestinal diseases?

This commentary addresses the nature of interstitial cells of Cajal (which can now be conveniently demonstrated by immunostaining for c-kit) and their possible role in the genesis of various motility disorders of the gastrointestinal tract. The evolution of the concept on the nature of gastrointestinal stromal tumors is discussed, with emphasis on the recent finding of a very high frequency of c-kit immunoreactivity in these tumors, suggesting that they might exhibit differentiation toward interstitial cells of Cajal. The practical immunohistochemical applications of antibodies to c-kit in diagnostic pathology are also discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Multipolar electrocoagulation in the treatment of active upper gastrointestinal tract hemorrhage. A prospective controlled trial.

The benefit of nonsurgical therapy in the treatment of active nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal tract hemorrhage is uncertain. I performed a prospective controlled trial of endoscopic multipolar electrocoagulation for active upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage. Patients were considered for entry if they had a bloody nasogastric aspirate, melena, or hematochezia, and any of the following: unstable vital signs, a requirement of greater than or equal to 2 units of blood per 12 hours, or a drop in hematocrit of greater than or equal to 6 percent in 12 hours. Forty-four patients were randomly assigned to receive multipolar electrocoagulation or sham multipolar electrocoagulation if endoscopy revealed active bleeding from an ulcer (24 patients), a Mallory-Weiss tear (17), or a vascular malformation (3). The group receiving multipolar electrocoagulation did significantly better in terms of hemostasis (90 percent vs. 13 percent, P less than 0.0001), mean (+/- SE) transfusion requirements (2.4 +/- 0.9 vs. 5.4 +/- 0.9 U; P = 0.002), mean number of hospital days (4.4 +/- 0.8 vs. 7.2 +/- 1.1, P = 0.02), and percentage needing emergency surgery or another intervention (14 vs. 57 percent, P = 0.01). Although mortality was lower in the group receiving multipolar electrocoagulation (0 vs. 13 percent), this difference was not statistically significant. The mean cost of hospitalization for treated patients was less than half that for the controls ($ 3,420 +/- 750 vs. $ 7,550 +/- 1,480, P = 0.001). I conclude that multipolar electrocoagulation markedly improves the hospital course in patients with major, nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Radiopharmaceuticals and the gastrointestinal tract.

A review is presented of the design of radiolabelled test meals for the evaluation of gastrointestinal function, including oesophageal transit, gastro-oesophageal reflux, gastric emptying, enterogastric reflux and transit through the whole bowel. Descriptions of different systems are presented, together with validations of the procedures used. Published methods for assessment of oesophageal transit show a marked degree of consistency, whereas gastric emptying studies employ a wide range of both liquid and solid test meals. Recommendations are made concerning the optimal system for investigation of each part of the gastrointestinal tract, but whichever system is adopted, it is important to employ some validation procedures, and to establish normal ranges in the population under study.

Bile Reflux↗
PubMed2006

Schwannoma of the gastrointestinal tract: a clinicopathological, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural study of 33 cases.

AIMS: Thirty-three cases of gastrointestinal schwannomas were analysed to elucidate their peculiar clinicopathological, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural features. METHODS AND RESULTS: The patients were 16 men and 17 women, whose ages ranged from 27 to 81 years (median 52.6 years). Tumour size ranged from 10 to 120 mm in diameter. Follow-up in 23 cases from 6 months to 13 years showed no recurrences or metastases. Microscopically, all tumours were composed of spindle cells with focal epithelioid cells in four cases. In all cases except one, there were peripheral cuff-like lymphoid aggregates. Immunohistochemically, tumours were strongly positive for S100 protein and vimentin, the tumours were variably positive for nestin (78.8%, 26/33) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (63.6%, 21/33), three tumours had CD34+ cells, but all were negative for CD117, alpha-smooth muscle actin and desmin. Ultrastructurally, the tumours were composed of elongated spindle shaped cells with prominent parallel membranous structures. CONCLUSIONS: Gastrointestinal schwannomas have characteristic histological features, especially the presence of a lymphoid cuff, that are different from their soft tissue and central nervous system counterparts. Gastrointestinal tract schwannomas behave in a benign fashion.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

[Effect of rokitamycin on upper gastrointestinal contractile activity. Analysis of side-effects on gastrointestinal tract].

In order to determine whether rokitamycin (RKM), one of the macrolide antibiotics, has any side effects on the gastrointestinal tract, the effect of intraduodenal administration of RKM (1.0, 3.0 and 9.0 mg/kg) on gastrointestinal contractile activity was studied by means of force transducers implanted chronically on the gastric body, gastric antrum, duodenum and upper jejunum in conscious dogs. Erythromycin (EM 0.3, 1.0 and 3.0 mg/kg) and kitasamycin (LM 1.0, 3.0 and 9.0 mg/kg), both macrolide antibiotics, were used as control drugs. RKM, when given at 3.0 mg/kg and 9.0 mg/kg doses, induced segmentation contractions only in the duodenum where it was administered. The duration of the RKM-induced contractions was 7.5 +/- 2.5 minutes for 3.0 mg/kg and 15.8 +/- 3.0 minutes for 9.0 mg/kg, and the contractile force of the contractions was 43 to 82% of the maximum contractile force of the interdigestive contractions in the duodenum. EM, at 0.3 mg/kg, evoked a series of strong contractions quite different from those induced by RKM but similar to the natural interdigestive contractions, and with large doses, dose-dependent long-lasting interdigestive contractions were induced. On the other hand, LM did not stimulate notable gastrointestinal contractile activity even at a 9.0 mg/kg dose. In order to eliminate the possibilities of the contraction being caused by the effect of RKM on the duodenum through the general circulation upon absorption, 3.0 mg/kg RKM was given intravenously. It was found that intravenous injection of RKM did not evoke any contractions attributable to the direct action of RKM in the circulation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗