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At least 1,621 records · Page 90Linked to original sources
PubMed2003

Large B-cell lymphoma of the leg in a patient with multiple malignant tumours.

A patient who had primary gastric B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, invasive ductal breast cancer and a basocellular carcinoma of the forehead in her medical history was studied. Three years after polychemotherapy and irradiation of the breast cancer, a rapidly enlarging, ulcerated violaceous tumour developed on the patient's left leg. The tumour was identified by the histopathological, immunohistochemical and immunoglobulin gene rearrangement analyses as a cutaneous large B-cell lymphoma. No signs of extracutaneous involvement were detectable. Despite surgical excision, interferon-alpha2b treatment and chlorambucil + prednisone chemotherapy, a relapse occurred in the previously affected site, whereafter the patient received radiotherapy. She was lost to follow-up, and died approximately 14 months after the surgical intervention without autopsy. We discuss the clinical and histologic features and outcome of the large B-cell lymphoma of the leg, its coincidence with other diseases, and the uncommon occurrence of primary multiple malignant tumours.

Aged↗
PubMed2006

Brow lift via the direct and trans-blepharoplasty approaches.

Brow ptosis occurs as part of the aging process, and as a complication of facial nerve paresis. The article addresses the options available for correction of brow ptosis. The direct brow lift is effective for medial and central brow ptosis, and additional lift laterally may occasionally be needed. This is achieved with either a temporal external lift or an internal lift combined with blepharoplasty. The direct brow lift is suitable for any degree and pattern of brow ptosis, usually in males. It is also suitable for older females as well as male patients with facial paresis or marked involutional brow ptosis. The trans-blepharoplasty brow lift is suitable for relatively small degrees of brow ptosis affecting mainly the lateral two-thirds of the brow in any age group. It is often combined with upper lid blepharoplasty and is performed through the same incision. Complications associated with the direct brow lift include a cosmetically disturbing scar, granuloma formation due to the use of braided absorbable sutures rather than monofilament sutures, and the brow descending again. There may be temporary patches of reduced sensation in the forehead which normally recover in a few months. Complications associated with the trans-blepharoplasty brow lift include less lift than desired, and sutures causing dimpling of the skin. These two techniques are useful additions to the approaches for patients with brow ptosis.

Blepharoplasty↗
PubMed2006

Endoscopic brow lifts uber alles.

Innumerable approaches to the ptotic brow and forehead have been described in the past. Over the last twenty-five years, we have used all these techniques in cosmetic and reconstructive patients. We have used the endoscopic brow lift technique since 1995. While no one technique is applicable to all patients, the endoscopic brow lift, with appropriate modifications for individual patients, can be used effectively for most patients with brow ptosis. We present the nuances of this technique and show several different fixation methods we have found useful.

Endoscopy↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Skin colour variability in Basque boys aged 8-19 years.

Skin colour variation with increasing age was analysed using a cross-sectional sample of 796 Basque boys aged from 8 to 19 years. Measurements were taken at the upper inner arm and forehead by means of an EEL DS29 Digital Unigalvo reflectance spectrophotometer with a nine-filter head. Ontogenic changes of skin pigmentation were found to be statistically significant. The influence of the month in which measurements were taken on reflectance values has been studied. Comparisons with another similar study (Pembrokeshire, Wales population) were carried out.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

ANN-based mapping of febrile subjects in mass thermogram screening: facts and myths.

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) is a highly infectious disease caused by a coronavirus. Screening to detect potential SARS-infected subjects with elevated body temperature plays an important role in preventing the spread of SARS. Thermography is being used with ANN/AI to analyse the data collected from the designated SARS hospital in Singapore, and conclusive results are drawn. The current work evaluates the correlations (and classifications) between facial skin temperatures, including eye range and forehead, to aural temperature using a neural network (NN) approach, namely training backpropagation (BP) and Kohonen self-organizing map (SOM), to confirm the suitability of thermal imagers for human temperature screening. Both BP and SOM can form an opinion about the type of network that is better able to complement thermogram technology in fever diagnosis. This can produce better parameters for reducing the size of the NN classifier, while maintaining good classification accuracy. We observe that BP performs better than SOM NN. Confusion matrix (CM), an alternative display instrument, is able to process a high volume of input data and show the clustered output rapidly and accurately. The current research application will remain an interesting and useful reference for both local and overseas manufacturers of thermal scanners, users and various government and private establishments. As the elevation of body temperature is a common presenting symptom for many illnesses, including infectious diseases such as SARS, thermal imagers are useful and essential tools for mass screening of body temperature. This is true not only for SARS but also during other public health crises where widespread transmission of infection such as the danger of avian flu pandemic is a concern, in particular at places like hospitals and cross-border checkpoints.

Body Temperature↗
PubMed1998

Capillary refilling time in newborns--optimal pressing time, sites of testing and normal values.

Aspects of capillary refilling time (CRT) in newborns, such as pressing time, sites of testing, normal values and difference between observers were assessed. CRT was measured in 280 term newborns, divided into 7 groups of 40 each, varying pressing time (from 1 to 7 s) was applied. CRT was measured in midpoints of forehead and sternum and plantar surface of heel (defined as head, chest and heel). No statistically significant difference was found between 3 and 7 s pressing time groups. The data points of the CRT of the head and chest approached normality, whilst those of the heel were widely scattered. Normal CRT in newborns is <3 s. No significant difference between two observers in head and chest CRT values was found.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed2001

The trigeminal nerve. Part II: the ophthalmic division.

The ophthalmic, or first division (V1) of the trigeminal nerve, is the smallest of the three divisions and is purely sensory or afferent in function. It supplies sensory branches to the ciliary body, the cornea, and the iris; to the lacrimal gland and conjunctiva; to portions of the mucous membrane of the nasal cavity, sphenoidal sinus, and frontal sinus; to the skin of the eyebrow, eyelids, forehead, and nose; and to the tentorium cerebelli, dura mater, and the posterior area of the falx cerebri. At first glance, one might not expect one interested in the diagnosis and treatment of orofacial pain and temporomandibular joint disorders to have a need to be concerned with the ophthalmic division. Although much of this division's influence is dedicated to structures within the orbit, nose, and cranium, still, the ophthalmic division may be afflicted with a lesion or structural disorder which can cause all sorts of orofacial pain. Ignorance of this or any portion of the trigeminal nerve will lead to diagnostic and therapeutic failures. In this, the second of four (4) articles concerning the trigeminal nerve, the first division of this vast cranial nerve will be described in detail.

Ciliary Body↗
PubMed2003

Intra- and interactive touch on the face.

Experiments were performed in which the subjective size of steel balls was judged by the method of absolute magnitude estimation (AME). The balls were rolled actively ("scripting") by the right index finger pad of the subject over the passively receiving areas of the face, namely the forehead, cheek and the vermilion border of the lower lip. These areas were stimulated on the subject's own person (intra-active touch), on another person's face (interactive touch) and by another person upon the face of the subject (interactive touch). Results indicate that size perception appears to be governed primarily by the mechanical characteristics of the stimuli, including the balls and the sites on the face. When the subject's finger was used to script upon another's face, there were significant differences among or between the sites. When another person scripted upon the subject's face there were no significant differences among any of the sites. The results are discussed considering mode of stimulation and tissue mechanics.

Cheek↗
PubMed2004

Chromoblastomycosis caused by Rhinocladiella aquaspersa.

An unusual case is presented featuring chromoblastomycosis lesions localised in three different sites. The patient was a 52-year-old male farm worker from Barra do Corda, State of Maranhão, Brazil, who had had the disease for 2 years. Physical examination revealed extensive plaques situated on the left leg, left arm, forehead, and on the left side of the face. Direct examination of biopsies showed numerous sclerotic cells. The fungus was recovered in culture and identified on the basis of the characteristic conidiation as Rhinocladiella aquaspersa.

Arm↗
PubMed2004

Prevalence of Malassezia species on various body sites in clinically healthy subjects representing different age groups.

To investigate the distribution of Malassezia species on four body sites (scalp, forehead, chest and back), we employed contact plates filled with Leeming-Notman agar to sample 245 clinically healthy subjects, representing six age groups (AG) (AG I, 0-3 years; AG II, 4 14 years; AG III, 15-25 years; AG IV, 26-40 years; AG V, 41-60 years; AG VI, over 60 years). The number of colony forming units was recorded for every plate positive for Malassezia species, and the species were identified. Younger individuals (< 14 years) yielded a culture positive for Malassezia significantly less frequently than did older individuals (> or = 15 years). M. globosa was cultured at significantly elevated frequency on younger subjects. M. sympodialis was present at low frequency on younger subjects, but was found in higher amounts on the skin of adolescents and adults. The amount and kind of Malassezia species that can be recovered from human skin varies with age and body site.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Dermal absorption of the insect repellent DEET (N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide) in rats and monkeys: effect of anatomical site and multiple exposure.

The dermal absorption of 14C-ring-labeled DEET (N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide) applied in acetone to the skin of Sprague-Dawley rats and rhesus monkeys for 24 h was determined. Absorption in rats dosed middorsally was 36 +/- 8% with a urinary excretion half-life (t1/2) of 20 h. Both the extent and rate of absorption in monkeys were highly dependent on anatomic site, with 14 +/- 5% (t1/2 = 4 h) penetrating the forearm, 33 +/- 11% (t1/2 = 6 h) the forehead, 27 +/- 3% (t1/2 = 7 h) the dorsal forepaw, and 68 +/- 9% (t1/2 = 8 h) the ventral forepaw. Since DEET is commonly applied frequently by the same individual, the effect of multiple exposure was investigated. No significant difference (p greater than or equal to .3) was obtained either between the total percentage absorbed dermally with single (36 +/- 8%; t1/2 = 20 h) as compared with three (31 +/- 5%; t1/2 = 16 h) DEET applications at 2-h intervals to rats, or between single (14 +/- 5%; t1/2 = 4 h) as compared with three (12 +/- 1%; t1/2 = 4 h) applications at 0.5-h intervals to monkey forearm. A DEET metabolite detected in urine 4 h following topical exposure in humans was extractable following either acid (HCl) hydrolysis or urine treatment with beta-glucuronidase and was identified as ethyltoluamide (parent ion 163; base ion 119) following HPLC purification and characterization by GC/MS.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

In vivo optical characterization of human tissues from 610 to 1010 nm by time-resolved reflectance spectroscopy.

A fully automated system for time-resolved reflectance spectroscopy based on tunable mode-locked laser sources and on time-correlated single-photon counting for the detection of time-resolved reflectance data was applied to the evaluation of the optical properties of biological tissues (arm, abdomen and forehead) in vivo from 610 to 1010 nm. The scattering decreases progressively with increasing wavelength, while the absorption line shapes show the typical spectral features of the principal tissue components (haemoglobin, water and lipid), with different weights depending on the tissue type. The best fit of the absorption spectra measured in vivo with the spectra of the pure constituents yielded information on the percentage composition of the different tissues. The interpretation of transport scattering spectra with Mie theory provided information on tissue structure.

Abdomen↗
PubMed2004

Optical measurements of absorption changes in two-layered diffusive media.

We have used Monte Carlo simulations for a two-layered diffusive medium to investigate the effect of a superficial layer on the measurement of absorption variations from optical diffuse reflectance data processed by using: (a) a multidistance, frequency-domain method based on diffusion theory for a semi-infinite homogeneous medium; (b) a differential-pathlength-factor method based on a modified Lambert-Beer law for a homogeneous medium and (c) a two-distance, partial-pathlength method based on a modified Lambert-Beer law for a two-layered medium. Methods (a) and (b) lead to a single value for the absorption variation, whereas method (c) yields absorption variations for each layer. In the simulations, the optical coefficients of the medium were representative of those of biological tissue in the near-infrared. The thickness of the first layer was in the range 0.3-1.4 cm, and the source-detector distances were in the range 1-5 cm, which is typical of near-infrared diffuse reflectance measurements in tissue. The simulations have shown that (1) method (a) is mostly sensitive to absorption changes in the underlying layer, provided that the thickness of the superficial layer is approximately 0.6 cm or less; (2) method (b) is significantly affected by absorption changes in the superficial layer and (3) method (c) yields the absorption changes for both layers with a relatively good accuracy of approximately 4% for the superficial layer and approximately 10% for the underlying layer (provided that the absorption changes are less than 20-30% of the baseline value). We have applied all three methods of data analysis to near-infrared data collected on the forehead of a human subject during electroconvulsive therapy. Our results suggest that the multidistance method (a) and the two-distance partial-pathlength method (c) may better decouple the contributions to the optical signals that originate in deeper tissue (brain) from those that originate in more superficial tissue layers.

Absorption↗
PubMed1999

Measurement of peripheral tissue thickness by ultrasound during the perioperative period.

We have studied changes in peripheral tissue thickness with a novel hand-held ultrasound device during the perioperative course of 60 healthy surgical patients in three different intraoperative body positions. The nil-by-mouth period led to a significant decrease in forehead tissue thickness. Standardized infusion therapy with Ringer's solution at a rate of 8 ml kg-1 h-1 resulted in a gradual increase in tissue thickness, which was significantly different from preoperative baseline values after 90 min. Packed cell volume decreased significantly after the start of infusion and remained low over the rest of the observation time. Different body positions did not influence changes in tissue thickness. We conclude that changes in perioperative tissue thickness in healthy patients can be detected easily by ultrasound, independent of body position. This method may prove useful for the non-invasive assessment of fluid balance state.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Autonomic asymmetry in migraine: augmented parasympathetic activation in left unilateral migraineurs.

Brain autonomic control is asymmetrical, the left hemisphere affecting predominantly parasympathetic function and the right hemisphere affecting predominantly sympathetic function. It is not known whether the extent of autonomic activation is altered in migraine, although the fact that some migraineurs express parasympathetic features such as facial flushing, lacrimation and rhinorrhoea might suggest increased parasympathetic activation. We instilled diluted soapy eyedrops and measured (i) the trigemino-parasympathetic reflex by the vasodilator response of forehead skin bilaterally using photoplethysmography; (ii) the somato-sympathetic reflex by vasoconstriction in the index finger; and (iii) heart rate response. We studied 14 left-sided and 15 right-sided unilateral migraineurs outside attacks. We found that left-side migraineurs had significantly higher bilateral parasympathetic vasodilatation, regardless of the stimulation or measurement side (+60.1 +/- 6.4%) compared with right-side migraineurs (+41.9 +/- 6.4%, P < 0.05). Sympathetic vasoconstriction, however, was similar for the two groups (left, -15.9 +/- 4.2%; right, -17.7 +/- 4.1%, NS). Bradycardia was significantly more pronounced for the left-side migraineurs (interbeat, RR interval increase of +6.2 +/- 1.1% versus +3.1 +/- 1.1%, P < 0.04). We conclude that unilateral left-side migraineurs have increased parasympathetic activation in response to pain compared with right-side migraineurs. Sympathetic responses were similar in the two groups and seemed not to be affected by migraine side. Since cranial parasympathetic activity induces cerebral vasodilatation, this augmentation might be an inherent part of the migraine pathophysiology in these patients.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Dietary carotenoids contribute to normal human skin color and UV photosensitivity.

The aim of the current study was to determine whether dietary carotenoids influence skin pigmentation and UV photosensitivity in a healthy unsupplemented panel (n = 22) of Caucasian (skin Type II) subjects. Skin spectrophotometric and tristimulus (L*a*b*) CR200 chromameter readings were made at various body sites to objectively measure skin carotenoid levels and skin color, respectively. The minimal erythemal dose (MED) was also measured to determine the intrinsic UV photosensitivity of the skin. We found that tristimulus b* values (but not L* and a* values) were consistently and closely correlated with skin carotenoid levels at a number of body sites including the back (r = 0.85, P < 0.00001), forehead (r = 0.85, P < 0.00001), inner forearm (r = 0.75, P < 0.0001) and palm of the hand (r = 0.78, P < 0.0001). Skin carotenoid levels and MED were also correlated in these subjects (r = 0.66, P < 0.001), as were tristimulus b* values and MED (r = 0.71, P < 0.0002). From these observations, we conclude that carotenoids from a normal, unsupplemented diet accumulate in the skin and confer a measurable photoprotective benefit (at least in lightly pigmented Caucasian skin), that is directly linked to their concentration in the tissue. Carotenoids also appear to contribute measurably and significantly to normal human skin color, in particular the appearance of "yellowness" as defined objectively by CR200 tristimulus b* values. On the basis of these findings we believe that objective measurements of skin color, in particular tristimulus b* values, may be a potentially useful means of monitoring dietary carotenoid status and assessing UV photosensitivity in Caucasian populations.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

The use of extremity dosemeters in a hospital environment.

A general overview is given on the use of extremity dosemeters, their calibration, the units and phantoms to be used. One of the major applications of extremity dosemeters is to monitor the personnel in a hospital environment. In nuclear medicine, brachytherapy and interventional radiology (IR) skin doses to hands and legs can be substantial. Here, we report on two studies that are presently being undertaken in Belgium. The first one tries to map the dose distribution on the hands, in function of the manipulation in nuclear medicine. Some preliminary results are also given from a nationwide survey study for patient and personnel doses during IR and cardiology. The radiologists' hands, legs and forehead are monitored during a whole range of procedures in different hospitals.

Belgium↗
PubMed1996

Melanocytic hyperplasia in scars. A histopathological investigation of 722 cases.

We studied 722 reexcision scars of benign and malignant lesions (except melanocytic lesions) excised over a 24-month period. The formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections were examined histologically and immunohistochemically. The histological features of melanocytic hyperplasia were present in 59 cases (8%), 56 from the sun-exposed skin of the face and neck and three from the trunk [p < 0.00001]. The most common sites were the nose and lower eyelids, but the forehead was also frequently involved. Of the 59 patients, 41 were women (p < 0.0001). Basal cell carcinoma was the most frequent original lesion in both sexes (80%). No melanocytic hyperplasia was found in 663 cases (298 on the trunk and extremities and 365 on the head and neck). We have seen this reaction pattern following reexcision of melanocytic lesions as well. Thus, interpreting reexcision margins when lentigo maligna or similar lesions are reexcised may be fraught with difficulty. It is important for pathologists and dermatopathologists to recognize this phenomenon because histologically the presence of increased numbers of large melanocytes could be misinterpreted as melanoma in situ.

Adolescent↗