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At least 1,621 records · Page 90Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Evaluation of physical exertion by statistical analysis of worker's heart rate at log skidding.

Results of investigation into the physical exertion of the log skidding workers: tractor driver, winch operator and choker are presented. The investigation consisted of laboratory and field measurements and included measurements of the heart rate and assessment of the work effect, the work time structure, and the worker's physical exertion and energy consumption. According to the average rate during daily work, the physical exertion of the tractor driver and winch operator was classified as low exertion (75-95 min-1), whereas that of the choker was established as medium exertion (96-115 min-1). Energy consumption was calculated for the daily working time of 262 minutes, according to field measurements and for normal eight-hour work. According to field measurement values the tractor driver's and winch operator's work was categorized as light work (1.23-2.51 MJ) and that of the choker as heavy work (2.52-6.30 MJ). According to the values for eight-hour work, the tractor driver's and the winch operator's jobs were classified as heavy work (2.52-6.30 MJ/8 h) and the choker's job as the heaviest (6.31-10.47 MJ/8 h).

Energy Metabolism↗
PubMed1995

Measurement of the airborne noise and the noise at the operator's position emitted by the ECOTRAC V-1033 F forest tractor.

The paper reports on the measurement procedure and results of measurements of the airborne noise emitted by the ECOTRAC V-1033 F forest tractor. The measurements were carried out in accordance with the International Standards ISO 4872 and 362 for the stationary test condition. The paper further reports on noise measurements at the tractor operator's position conducted in accordance with the International Standards ISO 5131 and 6394. All measurements were performed using the Bruel & Kjaer 4165 type microphone and the 2209 type sound level meter from the same manufacturer. According to ISO 4872, 6393 and 362 the noise level did not exceed the limit values. However, the noise level at the operator's position at full load and at nominal load exceeded the limits. Measures to be undertaken should aim at protecting the driver and improving the cab characteristics.

Forestry↗
PubMed1994

Risk for traumatic injuries from helicopter crashes during logging operations--southeastern Alaska, January 1992-June 1993.

Helicopters are used by logging companies in the Alaska panhandle to harvest timber in areas that otherwise are inaccessible and/or unfeasible for conventional logging (because of rugged terrain, steep mountain slopes, environmental restrictions, or high cost). The National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) investigated six helicopter crashes related to transport of logs by cable (i.e., long-line logging*) that occurred in southeastern Alaska during January 1992-June 1993 and resulted in nine fatalities and 10 nonfatal injuries. This report presents case investigations of these incidents.

Accidents, Occupational↗
PubMed1993

Insect tolerance of transgenic Populus nigra plants transformed with Bacillus thuringiensis toxin gene.

Leaves and stem segments of Populus nigra were transformed with A. tumefaciens LBA4404 harboring a binary vector containing chimeric genes of NPT and 35S-omega-B.t. toxin-Nos. Nineteen regenerated kanamycin resistant plants were analyzed by DNA hybridization, out of which 10 were shown to be the candidates of transgenic plants. Insect tolerance tests showed that the transgenic plants were toxic to two lepidopteran pests, Lymantria dispar L. and Apocheimia cinerarius Erschoff. Based on the results of Southern blot of PCR products and the cluster analysis of their growth and insect resistance, three independent transgenic plants were selected, which were then propagated in the nursery field. This field test is currently in progress.

Agrobacterium tumefaciens↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Zoonoses transmitted by ticks in forest workers (tick-borne encephalitis and Lyme borreliosis): preliminary results].

In order to investigate the diffusion of infections transmitted by ticks (TBE and Lyme borreliosis) in forest workers, a serological investigation was carried out in the Province of Trento (Northern Italy) on the sera of 465 subjects at potential risk (foresters, hunters, woodcutters, gamekeepers). Antibodies for TBE virus were found in 5 subjects (1.07%) working in the same area, and antibodies for Borrelia burgdorferi were found in 15 subjects (3%). All three clinical cases of TBE identified in the Province of Trento reported that they had been bitten by ticks in the same geographical area. The presence of specific antibodies for TBE virus was tested on the sera of animals grazing in several areas: 4 positive cases were observed in the same area as the human cases reported above.

Agricultural Workers' Diseases↗
PubMed1993

[Effect of the vegetative cover on the biological activity of the soil of Chaco Arido].

Vegetation plays a primal role in arid ecosystems, since it creates microclimate conditions that moderate the characteristics of the region whereby the rational use of vegetal resources is fundamental. Felling, clearing and overgrazing lead to decrease in organic contribution and stimulate soil compaction, causing an alteration of microbial activity, with losses in nutrient turnover. The global biological activity is a soil parameter easy to obtain and indicates the presence and diversity of soil life as well as substrate availability and is useful in order to characterize soil potential fertility. This work was carried out in Natural Forest Reserve Chancaní, Province of Córdoba (Argentina), which is representative of Argentine Dry Chaco. Dominant tree species are: Prosopis flexuosa and Aspidosperma quebracho blanco. The global biological activity (GBA) was measured along one year, under trees, under shrubs and in interspaces. Soil samples were taken monthly from plots with four management systems: 1) forest, ii) selective clearing (only dominant species remain), iii) bush (clearing invaded by Larrea sp) and iv) grazing (cleared area, neither trees nor shrubs). GBA was evaluated using the CO2 release method, after ten days of incubation. It is concluded that in the plots with grasses and under the trees GBA was higher than with other treatments. The lesser GBA was detected in bushes and interspaces. All differences were more prominent during extreme temperature months. No significant difference between both species of dominant trees was observed.

Animal Husbandry↗
PubMed1993

[Tick-borne encephalitis in Alsace].

Central European tick-borne encephalitis is mainly found in Central European countries and Austria where hundreds of cases are reported each year. Apart from 2 cases diagnosed in Alsace in 1968 and 1970 respectively, this disease was hitherto unknown in France. We report 8 new cases observed in Alsace between 1985 and 1990. Clinical presentation in these 10 patients was a pure meningitis syndrome in 4 cases and meningo-encephalitis in 6 cases, very severe in 3 of them. All patients recovered rapidly, and only 3 have slight sequelae. In a seroprevalence survey conducted in 1989 among 619 professional foresters of Eastern France, 8% were found to be seropositive, which suggests that the disease is often unrecognized. A study of the large series published in Austria and in other Central European countries has shown that the prognosis of tick-borne encephalitis is not always as favourable as it was in the Alsatian cases: severe sequelae or death occur in 1 to 2% of the patients. The need for a better detection of the disease and for vaccination of the subjects at risk must be emphasized.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

A case-control study of wood dust exposure, mutagen sensitivity, and lung cancer risk.

The associations between lung cancer risk, mutagen sensitivity (a marker of cancer susceptibility), and a putative lung carcinogen, wood dust, were assessed in a hospital-based case-control study. There were 113 African -American and 67 Mexican-American cases with newly diagnosed, previously untreated lung cancer and 270 controls, frequency-matched on age, ethnicity, and sex. Mutagen sensitivity ( 1 chromatid break/cell after short-term bleomycin treatment) was associated with statistically significant elevated risk for lung cancer [odds ration (OR) = 4.3; 95% confidence intervals (CI) = 2.3-7.9]. Wood dust exposure was also a significant predictor of risk (overall OR = 3.5; CI = 1.4-8.6) after controlling for smoking and mutagen sensitivity. When stratified by ethnicity, wood dust exposure was s significant risk factor for African-Americans (OR = 5.5; CI = 1.6-18.9) but not for Mexican-Americans (OR = 2.0; CI = 0.5-8.1). The ORs were 3.8 and 4.8 for non-small cell lung cancer in Mexican-Americans (CI = 1.2-18.5). Stratified analysis suggested evidence of strong interactions between wood dust exposure and both mutagen sensitivity and smoking in lung cancer risk.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Prediction in the presence of measurement error: general discussion and an example predicting defoliation.

Motivated by the particular problem of predicting defoliation based on a measure of gypsy moth egg mass density, prediction in the presence of measurement error is discussed. The measurement error variances and covariances are allowed to vary from unit to unit and are estimated by some type of within unit sampling. A general discussion is given as to when one should correct for the measurement error, and a method of estimating the prediction standard deviation is given when a correction is needed. The results are illustrated with the defoliation example.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

[The campaign against the spread of ragweed: the Quebec model].

In Canada, the "lesser flea grass" is a native species. Deposits of its pollen have been found to be over 60,000 years old, but it only started to spread on a large scale two centuries ago. The fight to eradicate ragweed began in 1937 when E. Campagna enlisted the help of school-children in Gaspesia to pull up the weed. Fifty years later, the effectiveness of this method is still visible. However, independent attempts made in Montreal in 1950 turned out to be insufficient. Later campaigns were first undertaken by the local councils, then by the Montreal Urban Community, and were later upheld by the Quebec Ministry for the Environment. Rulings by the latter have power of authority. They may take matters as far as prosecution. The decision-makers have financed pollen collectors, which are indispensable control measures. They have proved that the incidence of the disease was related to the quantity of pollen present and that the pollen index improved as more and more campaigns were implemented. G. Vincent has shown that weeding was the best method, but that mowing the weed at a height of 2 cm also good results, as long as this was done exclusively at the same time as in France, the second fortnight in July.

Air↗
PubMed1995

[Ragweed and public utilities].

By virtue of their role as contractors of road building and town planning, the public utilities are often responsible for the proliferation of ragweed. Two concrete examples illustrate the various different factors on which the effectiveness of this campaign depends: awareness of the phenomenon, the ability to recognize the plant, the determination to contact land-owners, and the implementing of a correct action strategy which must not only eradicate the plant temporarily but also prevent it from spreading.

Allergens↗
PubMed1995

[The anti-ragweed campaign experience in Saint-Fons (Rhône)].

The Municipality of Saint-Fons has been a member of AFEDA since 1991. The fight against Ragweed is particularly active and efficient. The Community Association for Health Education has widely informed the local population. The Extra-Municipal Commission for the Protection of the Environment, which plays a consultative role as regards the municipality, has succeeded in arousing a high degree of awareness of the Ragweed problem among both local councillors and staff responsible for the upkeep of green spaces.

Allergens↗
PubMed1995

[New legislation from the Politique Agricole Commune passed in 1994 and its impact on the spread of ragweed. The public health laws are the responsibility of the mayor, the health department, the General Council and the State Council].

Until recently, Ragweed tended to thrive on untended land, but now it is spreading even on cultivated soils. The Common Agricultural Policy, which instituted the fallow system, initially contributed thereby to the increase of Ragweed. However, this same policy prescribes the minimum upkeep of fallow zones to prevent weeds from becoming rampant, especially those harmful to public health such as Ambrosia. There are a series of regulations, from Parliament level down to local government level, from prevention to repression, designed to safeguard public health and hence to combat the proliferation of Ragweed.

Agriculture↗
PubMed1995

[The "Green Brigades" task-force. Description and practical information].

The General Rhône Council has set up a new task force, the "Green Brigades", which reflects awareness that the environment can serve as a means towards social and professional reinsertion. The field of activity is maintenance of open spaces on sites that are cleaned up on behalf of local authorities: removal of bulky matter, renovation of banks and riverbeds, clearing or making of footpaths, etc.

City Planning↗
PubMed1995

[Input of DDT into the environment by forest pest control in 1983/84 in Brandenburg--assessment of the contamination level].

In 1983/84 pesticides including DDT were applied in aviochemical forest pest control in Brandenburg. Our investigations determined loading sites on airfields formerly used for the delivery of pesticides to forest target areas to be the focal points of environmental contamination with DDT. The matrices food, forage, drinking water and soil were analysed in detail with regard to the level of burden. Following from the analytical results the agricultural exploitation of the areas in question is not restricted. An impairment of the quality of drinking water cannot be detected at present. Soil analyses were assessed according to toxicologically derived standard values. An amount of 0.4 mg/kg was accepted as a tolerable burden whilst values exceeding 2.7 mg/kg suggest that remediation will be necessary. The DDT burden level in the upper soil does not restrict utilization.

Agriculture↗