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At least 1,621 records · Page 90Linked to original sources
PubMed2006

[Medical emergencies following dermatological injections and infusions].

Emergency situations following appropriately administered injections and infusions are an uncommon dermatologic problem. Embolia cutis medicamentosa is an uncommon complication following intramuscular injection which leads to infarct-like cutaneous necrosis. It may develop after gluteal injection of corticosteroids, anti-inflammatory agents and antibiotics and has rarely been described following venous sclerotherapy with polidocanol. Hoigné syndrome is a pseudoanaphylactic or pseudoallergic reaction following intramuscular injection of procaine penicillin, with neuropsychiatric problems developing immediately after the injection. Subacute forms following intramuscular or oral administration of structurally-related antibiotics. The intraoperative use of patent blue dye has a 1-2% risk of allergic reactions. The patient must be monitored carefully following injection for the onset the life-threatening immediate reaction. Extravasation of cytostatic agents is a critical iatrogenic problem in oncology with an incidence of up to 6.5%. Every oncologic department should have an understanding of necrotic risk of the various agents and an emergency kit with instructions for immediate steps, also including agent-specific antidotes as available.

Anaphylaxis↗
PubMed2006

[Frequent and rare dermatological diseases in HIV patients].

HIV patients develop a variety of infectious and non-infectious diseases of the skin and mucous membranes. Some of these serve as indicator diseases for a weakening immune system. While none of the dermatological complications is pathognomonic, conditions such as oral hairy leukoplakia, herpes zoster, thrush, and eosinophilic folliculitis should make physicians consider the possibility of underlying HIV disease. Moreover, one has to consider HIV if these skin diseases take an atypical or severe course, or if they do not respond properly to appropriate medication. Frequent and rare dermatoses occurring in HIV infection are discussed.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
PubMed2000

[Mycophenolate mofetil: a new immunosuppressive drug in dermatology and its possible uses].

Mycophenolate mofetil represents a new immunosuppressive drug. Several case reports have shown that mycophenolate mofetil has a good therapeutic effect in patients with psoriasis and autoimmune dermatoses. Mycophenolate mofetil is a morpholine ester of mycophenolic acid which was shown in the 1970s to be effective in patients with severe psoriasis. Mycophenolate mofetil has an increased bioavailability as compared to mycophenolic acid and thereby an improved therapeutic window. Currently, mycophenolate mofetil is indicated for the prevention of organ rejection in transplant patients. The mode of action and the pharmacology of mycophenolate mofetil are reviewed and the current clinical experience with this immunosuppressive drug for dermatological disorders is summarized.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed2000

[The UV record. Document for quality control, therapy planning and risk assessment in dermatologic photo- and photochemotherapy].

Ultraviolet (UV-) radiation therapy as a mono- or combination therapy (UV-A, UV-A1, UV-B, SUP, UV-B311) or as photochemotherapy with photosensitization (systemic PUVA-, bath PUVA-, topical PUVA-therapy) are successfully used for the treatment of several dermatological disorders. Long-term side effects of natural UV (sun light) include photoaging and induction of skin tumors. At present, the relevance of in-vitro findings of potential tumor induction in animals through therapeutic levels of UV radiation is a matter of debate. To assess these risks, information on treated location, kind of UV radiation and cumulative UV doses are required. Practically this information is barely accessible. This makes decisions on possible therapies difficult. To solve this problem we propose to use an "UV pass". At the end of each UV radiation cycle, the body location, the type of radiation and the cumulative dose are documented and this pass is given to the patient. This will improve the information transfer if the doctor is changed, as well as facilitating decisions about certain therapies and calculation of long-term risks of UV radiation. Finally it will improve the quality of UV photo- and photochemotherapy.

Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation↗
PubMed1994

[Status of surgical dermatology in the hospital and general practice].

Dermatosurgery has been gaining in importance in recent years. In departments of dermatology German-speaking countries the total number of operations increased by 58% from 1984 to 1991. The increase in the number of operations of moderate and extreme severity was especially marked. Out-patient dermatosurgery was also performed mainly by dermatologists as opposed to other specialties. From 1988 to 1992 dermatologists in private practice recorded an increase of 40.6% in the number of operative procedures they performed. The importance of dermatosurgery in hospital and private practice can be expected to continue increasing in the future; dermatologists must therefore prepare themselves for the present and future challenges inherent in surgery of the skin.

Ambulatory Surgical Procedures↗
PubMed1994

[Current aspects of antisepsis in dermatology and venereology].

Resulting from the infectiologically established novel definition of antiseptic which contains the local application of antiseptics for prophylactical, preventive or therapeutical indication on skin, mucous membrane, wounds, in body cavities or on surgical exposed resp. opened endosomatic areas the antiseptical indications in a branch of dermatology and venereal diseases are represented. With the analysis of the actual knowledge in vitro and in vivo requirements to local antiinfectiva are defined combined with the recommendations for the clinical use. At present mainly prophylactically used agents are submitted to an benefit risk analysis with refer to the choice of agents. There by agents for the application on skin as well as on genitals, in mouth cavity and on wounds were taken into consideration.

Anti-Infective Agents, Local↗
PubMed1994

[Position and recommendations of the Malignant Melanoma Committee of the German Society of Dermatology on diagnosis, treatment and after-care of malignant melanoma of the skin. Status 1993/94].

The Melanoma Committee of the German Dermatological Society has prepared this position paper on prognostic factors, classification and clinical staging of cutaneous malignant melanoma and has recommended guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. The aim is to achieve a consensus procedure for dealing with this tumour.

Aftercare↗
PubMed1994

[Vitamin D3 and its analogs as multifunctional steroid hormones. Molecular and clinical aspects from the dermatologic viewpoint].

Since the identification of the cholesterol derivative 1,25-dihydroxy-vitamin D3 and its analogues as potent immunomodulatory, proliferation- and differentiation-regulatory molecules, the amount of data available on the effects of these agents on the skin and its appendages has grown exponentially. This review outlines recent progress in the understanding of the molecular biology and pathophysiology of vitamin D, and new strategies for the treatment of skin diseases are discussed. Focusing on psoriasis and preliminary clinical experiences, we discuss possible therapeutic targets and perspectives for these multifunctional steroid hormones in dermatology.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

[Q-switched ruby laser in dermatologic therapy. Use and indications].

The Q-switched ruby laser (QSRL) with its wavelength of 694 nm and a pulse duration of around 40 nsec is an effective modality for the removal of tattoos and cutaneous pigmented lesions. Based on the principle of selective photothermolysis, selective damage to cutaneous pigment or pigmented cells is possible, allowing the scar-free elimination of endogenous or exogenous pigment in the skin. Main indications for the treatment with the QSRL are tattoos (amateur, professional, accidental, or cosmetic) and lentigines but the QSRL can also be used for lightening or even removing other pigmented lesions such as nevus spilus or café au lait macules. Furthermore, pigmented lesions of mucous membranes can be removed easily. Since treatment results in postinflammatory hyperpigmentation, myoplasma, and Becker' nevus have proven to be inconsistent, the QSRL cannot be routinely recommended for these lesions. Melanocytic lesions are generally not treated, with the exception of nevus of Ota and nevus of ito where there exacts a lack of therapeutic alternatives. Non-pigmented cells, which exist in nearly all melanocytic lesions, do not absorb the light of the QSRL and, therefore, do not react to this particular treatment. No information is available on the risk of partially damaged cells to become malignant after QSRL treatment. The QSRL is an excellent therapy for the removal of endogenous and exogenous pigment because of both the excellent treatment results and the lack of side effects, which are limited to transient hypo- and hyperpigmentation. The QSRL has occurred a wide range of applications within the field of dermatology.

Humans↗
PubMed1998

[Botulinum toxin A in dermatology].

Based on its unique botulinum toxin is referred to as the most poisonous poison. Its specific inhibition of the acetyl-cholin-dependent neuromuscular transmission is used by ophthalmologists and neurologists for the relaxation of spastic or dystonic muscles, preferably in muscle groups in the head and neck area. Analogously, it is being used by dermatologists to remove facial wrinkles by paralyzing mimic muscles which account for mechanically induced wrinkling. Apart from this purely cosmetic use, botulinum toxin has gained recent attention in dermatology as a potent treatment modality for circumscribed hyperhidrosis.

Botulinum Toxins, Type A↗
PubMed1998

[Coincidence of scleroderma and primary biliary cirrhosis. Results of a systematic study of a dermatologic patient sample].

We present for the first time in the German dermatologic literature results of systematic investigations on the relationship between scleroderma, antimitochondrial autoantibodies and primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC). 40 patients with different clinical pictures of systemic and localized scleroderma were examined. By means of indirect immunofluorescence technique, in the sera of 5 cases (12.5%) antimitochondrial autoantibodies (AMA) could be detected. The target autoantigens for the AMA were identified as pyruvate dehydrogenase, branched-chain alpha-ketoacid dehydrogenase, alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase, protein x and pyruvate dehydrogenase E-1 alpha in all 5 cases, PBC was confirmed by means a liver biopsy and endoscopic retrograde cholangioscopy. Considering the occurrence in the normal population, the prevalence of the PBC in our scleroderma collective was 8.3 x 10(2) to 2.5 x 10(3) x higher. In respect to the clinical picture of the scleroderma, we found a M2-antibody-positive PBC in 2 woman with CREST syndrome and in 1 woman with a acral-type of the progressive systemic scleroderma. CREST syndrome and coexistently M2-antibodies in the serum are a risk constellation for the development of PBC. In 2 female patients older than 50 years we observed the coincidence of disseminated plaque-like localized scleroderma and a M2-antibody-positive PBC. In our opinion this latter constellation is a specific entity. The administration of ursodeoxycholic acid (daily 15 mg/kg BW) in 3 cases led not only to dramatic improvement of the clinical symptoms of PBC as expected, but also to pronounced improvement of skin lesions of 2 patients with disseminated circumscribed and 1 patient with progressive systemic sclerosis. Thus PBC should be searched for in patients with scleroderma, especially those with CREST syndrome or widespread localized disease; it may have practical therapeutic value as well as immunological significance.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

[Incidence of gynecomastia in dermatology patients].

Gynecomastia is an enlargement of the male breast. We studied a group of 115 men attending a dermatological clinic to evaluate the frequency of possible risk factors and hormonal findings. Gynecomastia was diagnosed, if a horizontal skinfold exceeded 2-3 cm, and if the diameter of the areola wa greater than 3 cm. In 32 patients (27.8%) the criteria for gynecomastia were fulfilled. The frequency increased significantly with the body mass index. 18 different medications were identified, but only two were take by more than two patients (allopurinol, coronary dilators). None of the 15 underlying diseases was associated with a significant increase or decrease in the risk of gynecomastia. Serum cortisol was the only endocrine study which was associated with an increased incidence of gynecomastia. As gynecomastia appears frequently as a phenomenon unrelated to other diseases or medications, it may be a condition per se.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

[Value of psychotherapy in expert assessment of skin diseases. Recommendations and indications for additional psychotherapy evaluation in expert assessment from the viewpoint of dermatology].

Skin diseases, the psyche and psychological changes are often intertwined, especially in patients presenting for expert dermatologic opinion. In many cases an additional evaluation provided by psychotherapeutic medicine may be necessary. This resource may help with the diagnosis, explanation of the problem and estimation of the degree of disability. The different legal guidelines of the various evaluation boards must be considered. The role of psychotherapeutic evaluation is demonstrated through case examples. The evaluation of new possibly occupationally-related disorders such as multiple chemical sensitivity and mobbing is considered.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

[Quality assurance for rational diagnosis and therapy in dermatology].

Today quality is not only in the economy but also in medicine a prime parameter in the evaluation of goods and services. To guarantee quality in a comprehensive way not only quality control but also quality assurance or even quality management are needed. One has to focus on its integral aspects which are structure, process and result. With laboratory analysis a preanalytic phase has to be distinguished from an analytic and a postanalytic one. According to the notion of the Deutscher Arztetag quality assurance is a common task of all physicians. A variety of organisations provide support. Guidelines of various types are pivotal. Some concerning dermatology have already been released by Deutsche Dermatologische Gesellschaft; others are in the process of formulation. A comprehensive monograph is under way.

Cost-Benefit Analysis↗
PubMed1999

[Interleukin-10 in dermatology].

In recent years the investigation of cytokines has been a focus of scientific interest in order to understand the pathogenesis of a variety of diseases. In additions cytokines are increasingly being used for therapeutic purposes, including dermatologic disorders. IL-10 is a recently described cytokine with anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive qualities which plays an important role in immunoregulation. The overexpression of this mediator has been proven in some inflammatory dermatoses as well as in various skin tumors. These observations help to understand down regulatory events in hyper-inflammatory conditions such as allergic or toxic dermatitis on the one hand and the suppression of an adequate anti-tumor response and thereby the progression of malignant tumors on the other hand. Recent investigations indicate a relative IL-10 deficiency in psoriasis. Initial therapeutic applications of IL-10 in psoriasis underline the pathophysiological importance of this cytokine.

Humans↗
PubMed1999

[Microdissection. Use in molecular oncologic dermatology].

Microdissection allows the procurement of selective cell populations or single cells of archival sections or frossen tissue. Most cutaneous tumors can not be cultivated or consist of heterogeneous cell populations. Thus, microdissection is an important pre-requisite for molecular genetic analyses of cutaneous neoplasms. This review describes the microdissection and its application in dermatologic oncology is demonstrated.

Cell Transformation, Neoplastic↗
PubMed2000

[Topical administration of capsaicin in dermatology for treatment of itching and pain].

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Treatment of pruritus as observed in many dermatological and internal diseases may be very often disappointing. There are many reports describing the topical use of capsaicin, the pungent agent in red pepper. Long term administration of capsaicin depletes neuropeptides in unmyelinated, polymodal C-type and small myelinated A delta-type cutaneous nerves that conduct pruritus and pain. PATIENTS/METHODS: The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy, safety and practicability of capsaicin in the treatment of pruritus and pain of different origin in a total of 40 patients. RESULTS: Capsaicin suppressed completely itch in all patients. CONCLUSIONS: In addition to its excellent antipruritic and analgetic effect, capsaicin significantly contributed to healing of some dermatoses, such as prurigo nodularis and psoriasis.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed2000

[The neodymium YAG laser: its application in dermatology].

The neodymium:yttrium-aluminium-garnet-(Nd:YAG) laser is one of the most versatile and interesting lasers in dermatological laser medicine. Almost no other laser has such a wide spectrum of applications. Depending on wave length (1064 nm, frequency-doubled 532 nm) and mode (continuous, Q-switched, long-pulsed), benign pigmented lesions (tattoos, traumatic tattoos, naevus of Ota, cafe-au-lait-macules, lentigines) and vascular lesions (hemangiomas, portwine stains, essential teleangiectasias, angiomas) can be treated. Additionally this laser has been occasionally used to remove Kaposi sarcomas and epithelial skin tumors.

Adult↗